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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Kryteria określania uszkodzenia jodły (Abies alba Mill.)
    Criteria of assessment the damage to silver fir
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012879.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    jodla pospolita
    uszkodzenia drzew
    korony drzew
    Abies alba
    cechy morfologiczne
    lesnictwo
    kryteria oceny
    drzewa lesne
    criteria of assessment the damage to the trees
    defoliation
    vitality
    tree−top condition
    silver fir (abies alba)
    Opis:
    The paper presents criteria of assessment the damage to silver fir that were elaborated on the basis of the features describing the development of fir crown that is assimilation apparatus condition (feature A), tree− top condition (feature B) and tree vitality (feature C). Feature A is based on the defoliation, feature B assesses length of last height increments and branching, while feature C takes into account loss of branches in the middle part of the crown and percentage of the alive shoots on branches of higher order. Determined criteria may be applied in methods of the assessment the damage to stands and forests of units of higher position in different classifications.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 04; 3-12
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tempo wzrostu wysokości i pierśnicy jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill.) w Beskidzie Niskim
    Height and diameter growth rates of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) growing in Beskid Niski mountains
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Niemczyk, M.
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989756.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    wzrost roslin
    wysokosc drzew
    piersnice drzew
    przyrost piersnicy
    przyrost wysokosci
    tempo wzrostu
    Beskid Niski
    height growth rate
    diameter growth rate
    spatial diversity of canopy layers
    physical age
    abies alba
    Opis:
    Silver fir is one of the main tree species of mountain and foothill forests in Poland that in optimal conditions forms pure stands with multi−layer structure. The study objective is to present differences in height and diameter growth rates of firs growing in upper stand layers and in the undergrowth. The research was conducted in 12 fir stands located in the Beskid Niski Mts. (southern Poland). In each stand height and diameter at breast height (dbh) were measured for 25 fir trees in order to develop a height curve. The first canopy layer included trees that were higher than ⅔ Hmax established from the height curve of the tree with the largest dbh. Height and diameter were measured on eight trees selected from the first canopy layer. An increment core was extracted at breast height in order to estimate the tree age. From the third canopy layer, which included trees higher than 2 m with dbh below 7 cm, five trees were selected. After cutting those trees, the length of the last ten branch whorls was measured. Five−year ring width measurements starting from the bark towards the pith were done at the stem cross−sections obtained at breast height. The number of rings was counted on remaining stumps. Height growth rate was defined as the height at the base age of 100 years (eq. 1). For the first canopy layer, the height growth rate was on average 31.8 m, while for the undergrowth it was 12.1 m. There was also large difference between diameter growth rate of the first stand canopy layer (55.7 cm) and undergrowth (18.3 cm). Both differences were significant at p=0.05. These discrepancies could result from low amount of light reaching the forest floor. The correlation between height and diameter growth rates and undergrowth tree age was negative in both cases. Long periods of shading result in smaller number of firs reaching the first canopy layer. Assuming that uneven−aged stand structure is optimal for that species, it should be characterized by a spatial variability (mosaic) of various canopy layers including even−aged patches with sparse canopy closure as well as gaps where fir regeneration will be initiated having favorable growth conditions.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 804-812
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reakcja przyrostowa jodły (Abies alba Mill.) na zmiany środowiska w powiązaniu z koroną wtórną
    Increment response of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) to environmental conditions in relation to secondary crown
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990030.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    zmiany srodowiska
    reakcje roslin
    reakcje przyrostowe
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    korony wtorne
    secondary crown
    increment response
    silver fir
    poland
    Opis:
    The study concerns the secondary sunny crown of silver fir trees, its length and density as well as the relationship between the length of primary and secondary crown between the radial increment and secondary crown characteristics. It also discusses the importance of secondary crown in the life and population growth of silver fir.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 02; 90-98
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stopień uszkodzenia drzewostanów jodłowych Gór Świętokrzyskich
    Degree of the damage to silver fir stands in the Swietokrzyskie Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989225.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Gory Swietokrzyskie
    drzewostany jodlowe
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    uszkodzenia drzew
    defoliacja
    zywotnosc drzew
    abies alba
    damage
    defoliation
    increment reaction
    świetokrzyskie mountains
    Opis:
    The study assesses the damage to silver fir from the canopy layer in the stands of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (central Poland) using three methods. The suitability of these methods was also analysed by calculating the correlation between increment of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the level of damage. In total we investigated 240 trees. The first analysed method involves tree defoliation. The mean defoliation of sample accounts for 47.8%, while majority of the trees were found to be within 2nd damage class (fig. 1). Absolute and relative DBH increment does not correlate with tree defoliation strongly (tab.). The next method is based on the assessment of the average tree damage index W that takes into account defoliation, top condition and vitality. In general, analysed trees were found to have reduced height growth and both branching in the top (fig. 2) and central (fig. 3) section of the crown. Inclusion of the secondary crown in the assessment of tree damage resulted in an increase in the vitality of the whole crown (fig. 3). The assessment of damage based on index W showed that largest proportion of trees was within moderate damage and the value of the damage index was lower than in method based exclusively on defoliation. The last method (morphological−incremental) combines the method based on damage index W with DBH increment (index Wz, formula 3). In the period 1971−1985, most of the fir trees reacted negatively to the environment changes (growth reduction), while the proportion of trees with positive responses decreased. In the period 1976−2000, the proportion of trees with negative response decreased, while the proportion of firs with positive and neutral responses increased (fig. 5). The period 2001−2015 faced the dominance of trees showing neutral growth responses, the proportion of trees with positive responses was fairly high, while the proportion of trees with negative responses was the smallest. The highest value of the correlation coefficient (r=–0.661) was found for the correlation between the relative 10−years DBH growth and damage index Wz2(tab.). Of the three discussed damage assessment methods, this method is therefore considered the most accurate.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 299-308
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stopień uszkodzenia drzewostanów świerkowych Gór Sowich
    Damage to spruce stands in the Sowie Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Kluziński, L.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990883.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Gory Sowie
    drzewostany swierkowe
    uszkodzenia drzewostanow
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    uszkodzenia drzew
    korony drzew
    reakcje przyrostowe
    warunki srodowiska
    degree of damage
    growth response
    picea abies
    poland
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to assess the degree of damage to spruce trees and stands and to study their growth responses to the changing environmental conditions in the Sowie Mountains (Central Sudety Mts.). To assess the degree of damage to trees, three methods based on crown characteristics were used. The types of growth responses of trees to changing environmental conditions were additionally taken into account in one of the methods. Regardless of the assessment method, spruce stands in the Sowie Mountains demonstrated a high level of damage. The poorest growth conditions were found in the period 1966−1980 when a large number of trees showed negative growth responses, indicating a decrease in radial increment. The period 1996−2010 showed an improvement in the growth conditions of trees because the proportion of trees with negative growth responses decreased, while the proportion of trees with positive growth responses increased. It was also found that the growth conditions for spruce were more favourable in the lower montane forest zone (above 600 m a.s.l.), and less favourable at the foothills (below 600 m a.s.l.), which may be caused by the competition of beech replacing spruce in the lower locations in the mountains.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 03; 173-182
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stopień uszkodzenia drzewostanów jodłowych Beskidu Niskiego
    Degree of damage to silver fir stands in the Beskid Niski Mts.
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989946.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany jodlowe
    uszkodzenia drzewostanow
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    uszkodzenia drzew
    korony drzew
    reakcje przyrostowe
    warunki srodowiska
    radial increment
    environmental changes
    primary crown
    secondary crown
    abies alba
    Opis:
    The main aim of the research was to study trees growth responses to the changing environmental conditions and to assess the degree of damage to trees taking into consideration their secondary crown. Based the material from plots established in 12 silver fir stands (tab.), chronologies were developed for trees in various age classes (fig. 1). 1950 saw a downward trend in the radial growth that continued till 1985, to be followed by an upturn lasting till 2000, when the radial growth stabilised. No significant changes in tree−growth were observed in the group of the youngest trees. Three types of growth response to environmental changes (positive, neutral and negative) were distinguished in the last three 15−year−long periods. In years 1970−1984 the largest proportion of firs indicated negative growth responses, while firs with positive response dominated in the period 2000−2014 (fig. 2). The period 1970−2014 saw a steady increase in the mean value of growth responses. The assessment of the top−crown growth (feature B) showed that more than 50% of the trees showed inhibited growth (fig. 3). The assessment of tree vitality (feature C) confirmed the dominance of trees with moderate crown vitality. The vitality of the secondary crowns (Zw) situated below the primary crowns (Zp) of firs was assessed on the basis of crown density and its length (formula [1]). Incorporating Zw in the assessment of tree damage (formula [2]) resulted in an increase in the vitality of the whole crown (Z) (fig. 4). Based on the defoliation, 73% of trees were found to be within damage class 2 (fig. 5). Another method of damage to trees determination was adopted (formula [3]) to assess the damage to fir stands and showed that the largest proportion of trees was with moderate damage (fig. 6). The damage index values obtained with this method were lower compared to the method that considers the defoliation exclusively. Even lower index values were obtained while using the method based on both damage index W and tree−growth response. Of the three discussed damage assessment methods, the most accurate is the method based on damage index Wz, taking into account the growth response of the entire crown (Z).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 11; 893-904
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wzorzec rozkładu pierśnic drzew wielowarstwowego drzewostanu jodłowego Gór Świętokrzyskich
    Pattern of breast height diameter distribution in a multilayer silver fir stand in the Swietokrzyskie Mountains
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Niemczyk, M.
    Wrzesiński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989331.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Gory Swietokrzyskie
    drzewostany jodlowe
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    rozklad piersnic
    metoda BDq
    diameter distribution
    abies alba
    bdq method
    Opis:
    In Poland, the majority of silver fir stands is characterised by a single−layer stand structure. The current silvicultural activities aim at obtaining multilayer stands, which requires a clearer definition of the structure, and more precisely, a better knowledge of the pattern of diameters at breast height (DBH) distribution. The aim of the research was to develop a pattern of DBH distribution of trees in a multilayer silver fir stand in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (central Poland) using the BDq method, through the mathematical determination of function parameters, including the productive capacity of the habitat. The application of this pattern will allow the selection of the management methods aimed to obtain and then maintain model stands with a different layer structure. The research was based on the empirical material collected in 56 stands that were characterized by both a single− and a multi−layered structure. They grew in coniferous forest habitats, mostly in the upland mixed coniferous forest, upland mixed deciduous forest and upland deciduous forest or mountain forest. One big (up to 1 ha) or 3−5 smaller (0.04 ha) sample plots were established in each stand in which diameters at breast height of all trees and heights of usually 25 trees, selected from the entire range of diameters, were measured. These were used to determine the height growth curve equation coefficients and then the height of each tree. For each stand the basal area was calculated and a graph for DBH distribution was prepared. Site index was established using the original empirical equation. In order to develop a model for multilayer fir stands, individual parameters of the equation 5, such as the basal area (B), the target diameter at breast height (D) and the coefficient q were to be determined using the BDq method. Taking into consideration only stands with one−tailed DBH, individual parameters of the function were found to be associated with site index. Empirical equations were developed for the determination of B and D, and, based on the DBH distribution graphs, coefficient q associated with site index was also calculated (tab.). The developed DBH distribution pattern is a mathematical description of the target fir stand. When the value of stand parameters approaches those of the model stand, it should be managed using the shelterwood cutting system, which results from the spatial variation in the stand height structure, and consequently from the need for different silvicultural treatments in different stand fragments.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 09; 741-750
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozpad drzewostanów świerkowych w Beskidzie Żywieckim
    Dieback of Norway spruce stands in the Beskid Zywiecki Mts.
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Mionskowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Beskid Zywiecki
    drzewostany swierkowe
    rozpad drzewostanow
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    struktura drzewostanu
    struktura wiekowa
    struktura gatunkowa
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    struktura pozyskania
    zagrozenia lasu
    wiatry
    szkody od wiatru
    forest dieback
    picea abies
    species structure
    age structure
    timber harvest
    threat to forests by wind
    Opis:
    In the Beskid Żywiecki, the combination of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors unfavourable for the growth of trees led to the dieback of spruce stands. The intensification of this process began after the hurricane in November 2004, followed by years of negative climatic water balance. The deterioration of tree growth conditions occurred after the drought in July 2006 and damage caused by the Kyril hurricane in January 2007. The weakened spruces were attacked by the bark beetles, the outbreak of which caused a massive dieback of spruce stands. In order to assess the volume of harvested timber in years 2004−2016, the volume of allowable cut (model volume) was calculated from the stand growth model for each forest district of Beskid Żywiecki. The comparison of the volume of harvested timber with the model volume allowed to determine the rate of dieback of spruce stands. The volume of harvested timber in 2007−2009 exceeded the model volume even 2.5 times. The cuts included mainly deadwood, wind−broken and wind−fallen trees, while the harvest of live trees was scarce. In the period 2010−2013, the harvested volume of live trees accounted for 50−70% of the model volume, the volume of deadwood in the same period was ca. 100% and additionally the volume of blown−down timber after the hurricane was 20−40% of the model volume, which taken together accounted approximately to 200% of the model volume. The execution of such harvesting operations, including silvicultural tasks, did not allow to carry out optimal forest management. The period 2010−2013 saw a downward trend. It was disrupted by the hurricane in December 2013, after which the volume of harvested timber, consisting mainly of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees, increased to 280% of the model volume. Again, the high volume of harvested timber was noted in 2016, (ca. 220% of the model volume). The process of damage to spruce stands in Beskid Żywiecki is likely to continue. A decline in its intensity may occur in the absence of old stands, which to a large extent already takes place in the forests of the Węgierska Górka Forest District. Currently, the most threatened by wind are forests in Ujsoły, Jeleśnia and Nowy Targ forest districts. The least threatened are forests in the Węgierska Górka. This forest district and in the future the remaining forest districts of Beskid Żywiecki, will face enormous challenges to obtain high yield and appropriate species composition.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 02; 130-140
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtowanie się przyrostu grubości jodeł z Gór Świętokrzyskich
    Radial increment of silver fir from the Swietokrzyskie Mts.
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bijak, S.
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Niemczyk, M.
    Wrzesiński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989406.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    sloje przyrostu rocznego
    analiza dendrochronologiczna
    Gory Swietokrzyskie
    drzewostany jodlowe
    jodla pospolita
    Abies alba
    przyrost drzew
    przyrost grubosci
    przyrosty radialne
    czynniki srodowiska
    czynniki klimatyczne
    zanieczyszczenia przemyslowe
    abies alba mill.
    tree−rings
    increment reduction
    increment release
    disturbances
    Opis:
    The paper presents the dendrochronological analysis of silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) growing in the canopy layer of the forest stands. We searched for the similarities in the rhythm of radial growth of studied trees and we analysed the response of these stands to the increment disturbances related to the occurrence of adverse climatic factors and the pressure from industrial pollution. The research material was collected in 30 pure and uneven−aged silver fir stands located in the Świetokrzyskie Mountains (central Poland). We investigated the effect of age of the stands and the conditions for their growth (location, forest habitat type) on an average tree−ring width. In order to detect similarities in the rhythm of radial growth of the surveyed stands, we grouped the raw chronologies by the means of the cluster analysis, using Ward's agglomeration procedure with 1−r distance (r – Pearson correlation coefficient). We assessed the incremental response of the investigated stands to the disturbances (situations of significantly reduced radial growth) using indicators of resistance, recovery and resilience proposed by Lloret et al. [2011]. We also studied the influence of the stand age and the forest habitat type on the response of analysed for stands to the detected disturbances. The shortest chronology consisted of 94 tree−rings, while the longest one of 137. Average length of the obtained silver fir chronologies was 119 years. Older fir stands characterised with narrower rings (r=–0.451, p=0.012). Neither the location, nor the forest habitat type are the factors determining the similarity of the rhythm of radial growth of silver firs from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (p=0.243 and p=0.967 respectively). The extreme climatic conditions responsible for the majority of the short−term (one−year−long) incremental depressions are the factor of regional importance, which affects the growth of investigated trees. Older stands characterized with better possibilities of increment recovery after the disturbance than younger stands (p<0.001), which may be a result of the production of secondary crowns. No consistent differences in the indices of resistance and resilience were found among analysed stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 11; 893-904
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamika rozpadu drzewostanów świerkowych w Beskidzie Śląskim
    Decline of Norway spruce stands in the Beskid Slaski Mts.
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986624.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Beskid Slaski
    drzewostany swierkowe
    zamieranie drzew
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    rozpad drzewostanow
    System Informatyczny Lasow Panstwowych
    model wzrostu drzewostanu
    rozmiar uzytkowania rebnego
    zagrozenia lasu
    szkody od wiatru
    modele ryzyka uszkodzenia
    Nadlesnictwo Wisla
    Nadlesnictwo Wegierska Gorka
    Nadlesnictwo Ustron
    Nadlesnictwo Bielsko
    forest decline
    picea abies
    stand growth model
    harvest volume model
    wind damage risk model
    forest
    threat measure
    Opis:
    The dynamics of decline of Norway spruce forests in the Beskid Śląski Mts. (S Poland) in a 2007−2016 period was analysed based on data from the State Forests Information System. For that purpose we used modified growth model and wind damage risk model. The harvested timber volume (salvage cuts) exceeded the allowable harvest modeled with the stand growth model by 270% in years 2007−2010 (earlier period) and by 89% in the 2011−2016 (later period) period. The highest volume exceed (503 and 307% for earlier and later period respectively) was recorded for the Wisła Forest District. For the deadwood, the harvested volume exceeded the modeled one by 45% (162 in earlier, and 59% in later period). In the Węgierska Górka Forest District the harvested volume amounted to 287% of the modeled one (438 in earlier, and 70% in later period). The largest amount of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees was found in Wisła. Their volume amounted to 48% of the modeled volume (59 in earlier, and 40% in later period). The highest exceed occurred in Węgierska Górka (89 and 70% in the later period respectively). The species composition in the analysed region changed significantly as the share of spruce decreased and share of beech and fir increased (tab. 1). Changes in the aeral fraction of stands in age classes in the Bielsko and Ustroń forest districts were insignificant (tab. 2). For Węgierska Górka, share of stands in age class <20 years increased from 11 to 40%, while the older stands fraction decreased. Major changes occurred in Węgierska Górka and Wisła as far as structure of the stands in the risk damage factor classes is concerned. Fraction for the risk factor classes I and II increased, while for class VI decreased (tab. 3, fig. 4). The highest dynamics of the wind threat measure was recorded especially in Węgierska Górka, where its value decreased from 42 in 2009 to 19 in 2016 (fig. 5). The biggest changes are likely to occur in Wisła in the next years due to the very high fraction of spruce. A significant damage caused by wind may also be expected in Ustroń, where the threat measure is high.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 189-199
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kryteria określania uszkodzenia świerka
    Criteria for assessment of the damage to Norway spruce
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    defoliacja
    uszkodzenia drzew
    stan wierzcholka drzewa
    zywotnosc
    Picea abies
    lesnictwo
    kryteria oceny
    swierk pospolity
    drzewa lesne
    criteria for assessment of the damage to trees
    defoliation
    vitality
    top condition
    norway spruce
    Opis:
    The paper presents the criteria for assessment of the damage to Norway spruce determined on the basis of its crown development. Three features were included: condition of the assimilation apparatus (feature A), condition of the tree−top (feature B) and tree vitality (feature C). Feature A is based on the defoliation. Feature B assesses the length of the last height increments and their branching models. Feature C includes the loss of branches in the middle part of the crown, the presence of branches of 2nd and higher orders as well as condition of proventive sprouts (developed from dormant buds). Determined criteria may be applied in the methods of assessment of the damage to stands and larger forest objects e.g. management region, forest region, nature−forest regions.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 06; 12-23
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Drzewostanowa metoda określania uszkodzenia świerka
    Method of assessment the damage to Norway spruce stands
    Autorzy:
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016295.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    defoliacja
    uszkodzenia drzew
    wskaznik uszkodzenia drzew
    metoda drzewostanowa
    Picea abies
    lesnictwo
    kryteria oceny
    metody oceny
    swierk pospolity
    drzewa lesne
    methods of assessment the damage to stands
    norway spruce
    Opis:
    Paper presents two variants of the method of assessment the damage to the Norway spruce stands that were determined on the basis of the crown development. The first one is based on the tree's defoliation, the other – on the tree's damage index W that includes defoliation (feature A), condition of the tree−top (feature B) and tree's vitality (feature C). Mean defoliation or index W is used to determine one of the four classes of the stand damage. The accuracy of both variants was worked out and minimum number of sample trees required within assumed standard errors of assessed features. Alarming picture of Norway spruce stands in Polish Carpathians and Sudety Mountains appeared for the damaged stands prevail while there is no undamaged stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 06; 24-33
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka wybranych drzewostanów jodłowych Beskidu Niskiego i sposoby ich zagospodarowania
    The characteristics of selected fir stands in Beskid Niski and the method of their management
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Niemczyk, M.
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989908.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gory
    Beskid Niski
    drzewostany jodlowe
    struktura drzewostanu
    liczba drzew
    piersnicowe pole przekroju
    miazszosc drzew
    zagospodarowanie lasu
    stand layer
    multi−layer structure
    bdq method
    abies alba
    Opis:
    Assuming multilayer structure as optimal for silver fir stands, we attempted to answer the following questions: 1) how to describe such structure, 2) to what extent does the structure of a particular stand differ from the optimal one, and 3) how to obtain the optimal structure. The study was based on the material collected in 12 stands in the Nawojowa Forest District (S Poland). Three to five 0.04 hectare circular plots were established in each stand, and diameters at breast height (d) of all trees with d > 7 cm were measured. Height (h) was measured for 25 trees selected within the stand. The top height determined for each stand enabled to classify trees into two layers: higher (group I) or lower (group II) than ⅔ of top height. Trees with d<7 cm were divided into 3 layers according to the height: III – h>2 m (higher upgrowth), IV – h between 0.5 and 2 m (lower upgrowth), and V – h<0.5 m (seedlings). Trees in layer V were counted on a 0.005 ha plot, while trees in layers IV and III on a 0.04 ha plot. The selected fir stands revealed high diversity in basic characteristics (tab. 1 and 2). The number of trees in layer III was higher than in layer II only in one stand, and was larger than the number of trees in layer I. Moreover, the variation in tree height formed a vertical canopy closure. The stand was considered to be a model one, and used to develop diameter distribution according to the BDq method. Most stands characterized a smaller number of trees in lower and larger in higher diameter classes compared to the model distribution. It seems that large number of thick trees prevent satisfactory growth of thinner trees. Fir stands proved to have a mosaic vertical structure. In some fragments, eight classes can be distinguished including one layer only: 1) upper (I), 2) middle (II), 3) upgrowth (III), combination of layers: 4) I and II, 5) I and III, 6) II and III, 7) I, II and III, and 8) gaps. The multi−layer structure of fir stands can be maintained only in the form of such a mosaic, but single−layer fragments are also needed to enhance the natural regeneration. We could select a stand with a close−to−optimal multilayer structure, which was considered as a model one and its diameter distribution was used in the BDq method. A comparison of the model curve with the empirical distribution of diameters at breast height for the stand under consideration allows determining diameter classes with an excess of trees that can be harvested without the fear of losing the multilayer structure of the stand. Whether a given tree has to be cut should depend on the vertical differentiation of trees in a particular fragment of the stand. In further studies, measurements in multilayer fir stands should be conducted to verify the model distribution.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 09; 722-731
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reakcja przyrostowa świerka w powiązaniu ze stopniem uszkodzenia korony
    Increment reaction of Norway spruce in connection with the crown damage level
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016122.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    korony drzew
    stopien uszkodzenia
    Picea abies
    lesnictwo
    piersnice drzew
    przyrosty roczne
    przyrost drzew
    swierk pospolity
    drzewa lesne
    increment of the diameter at the breast height
    increment reaction
    criteria of the assessment
    the damage to trees
    defoliation
    vitality
    tree−top condition
    norway spruce
    Opis:
    The study presents the analysis of the increment of tree diameter at the breast height in connection with two variants of the method of assessment the damage to Norway spruce stands. Variants utilise different assessment criteria. The first one is based on the tree's defoliation, the other one – on the damage index W that links defoliation, condition of the tree−top and branching in the middle part of the crown. Detected relations between damage criteria and type of the increment reaction show that index W characterises the damage to trees and stands better than feature A (defoliation). Therefore, method of assessment the damage to trees and stands based on this parameter is suggested for utilisation in the forestry practice.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 11; 22-34
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stopień uszkodzenia świerka, jodły i modrzewia w Sudetach Zachodnich
    Degree of damage to spruce, fir and larch stands in the Western Sudetes
    Autorzy:
    Korzybski, D.
    Mionskowski, M.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Bruchwald, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/993196.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy gorskie
    drzewostany swierkowe
    drzewostany jodlowe
    drzewostany modrzewiowe
    drzewa lesne
    swierk
    Picea
    jodla
    Abies
    modrzew
    Larix
    uszkodzenia drzew
    stopien uszkodzenia
    defoliacja
    stopien defoliacji
    zywotnosc
    stan wierzcholka drzewa
    Nadlesnictwo Kamienna Gora
    Nadlesnictwo Szklarska Poreba
    Nadlesnictwo Sniezka
    Nadlesnictwo Swieradow
    Sudety Zachodnie
    tree damage index
    defoliation
    tree growth response
    Opis:
    The aim of this research was to assess damage to three important forest−forming trees species in the mountains – spruce, fir and larch, and to study their increment reaction to changing environmental conditions. Research concerned forests under the management of four forest districts located in the Western Sudetes (SW Poland). Index W ranging from 0 to 3 was used for the assessment of the damage to trees based on three crown characteristics: defoliation, top−crown condition and tree vitality. Trees of damage degree 2 dominated in each of the species; dying trees (degree 3) were also found. Total share of these two degrees of damage was ca 80% for spruce, 84% for fir and 74% for larch. Analysis of increment reaction of investigated species showed their similar response to changes in the environment. The increase in the share of trees showing positive responses and the decrease in the share of negative responses in the past half century, indicate an improvement in the growth conditions of spruce, fir and larch in Western Sudetes.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 02; 104-112
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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