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Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
Tytuł:
Wokół medalu biskupa Andrzeja Trzebickiego
Autorzy:
Czyżewski, Krzysztof J.
Walczak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
medale
portret
ikonografia
epigrafika
sztuka baroku
medals
portraiture
iconography
baroque art
epigraphy
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest wysokiej klasy medalowi znanemu z niewielkiej liczby egzemplarzy wybitych w złocie i srebrze ku czci biskupa krakowskiego Andrzeja Trzebickiego (1677). Na awersie przedstawiono popiersie hierarchy w prawo z legendą biegnącą dookoła, natomiast na rewersie wizerunek łabędzia z łacińską dewizą i datą.  Emisja miała miejsca w Gdańsku, a projekt numizmatu wykonał Johann Höhn Mł. Niestety emitent, ani okoliczności zamówienia nie są znane. Kluczowe znaczenie ma prawidłowa interpretacja sygli na awersie: ATH D.D.D., które dotychczas czytano: „Andreas Trzebicki honor dat, donat, dedicat”. W myśl takiej lekcji sam biskup byłby emitentem medalu ku swojej czci. Autorzy po analizie źródeł zaproponowali wariantywne propozycje odczytu: „Andreae Trzebicki Honori Dat Dedit Dedicat” lub „Andreae Trzebicki Haec [numisma?] Data Decreto Decurionum”. Druga lekcja wydaje się prawdopodobniejsza, co skłania do hipotetycznego uznania za emitenta medalu krakowskiej rady miejskiej. Bezpośrednim powodem emisji mogło być popieranie przez Trzebickiego starań o uzyskanie przez władze Krakowa samodzielności w wybieraniu rajców, dotąd wskazywanych przez miejscowego wojewodę. Starania te miały miejsce w 1677 r. i zakończyły się wydaniem przez króla Jana III Sobieskiego odpowiedniego przywileju (30 grudnia) w Gdańsku. Wspaniały medal ma wydźwięk apologetyczny i głosi chwałę hierarchy nie tylko przez ukazanie jego wiernej podobizny. Trzebicki posługiwał się herbem łabędź, który był interpretowany powszechnie jako symbol czystości.  Dewiza Candore odnosi się zarówno do bieli łabędzia, jak do zasad przyświecających biskupowi w życiu prywatnym i działalności publicznej. Omawiany medal cieszył się od początku szczególnym uznaniem kolekcjonerów, o czym zaświadcza jego dokładna analiza w opracowaniu kolekcji medali króla Fryderyka I w Berlinie autorstwa Lorenza Begera (1704). Autor zwrócił uwagę na błędną z punktu widzenia protestanta tytulaturę hierarchy „Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia”), a także na ambiwalencję łabędzia jako symbolu czystości (ptak ten ma czarną skórę ukrytą pod białymi piórami, co można interpretować jako dwoistość, nieczystość intencji i hipokryzję).
The paper deals with a high-quality and very rare medal issued in honour of the Bishop of Cracow Andrzej Trzebicki in 1677, of which only a few specimens struck in gold and silver are known. Its obverse represents a bust-length image of the prelate turned right, with a legend running around the rim, while the reverse features an image of a swan accompanied by a Latin motto and date. The medal, issued in Gdańsk, was executed after a design by Johann Höhn the Younger. Regrettably, neither the issuer nor the circumstances of the medal’s commission are known. What is of key importance for determining the above facts is the correct reading of the sigla: ‘ATH D.D.D’, inscribed on the obverse, which so far have been deciphered as: ‘Andreas Trzebicki honor dat, donat, dedicat’. In keeping with this reading, the bishop himself would have been the issuer of a medal struck in his honour. Having analysed documentary evidence, the authors of the present paper have put forward alternative readings of the inscription: ‘Andreae Trzebicki Honori Dat Dedit Dedicat’ or ‘Andreae Trzebicki Haec [numisma?] Data Decreto Decurionum’. The latter reading seems to be more plausible and suggests that, hypothetically, the medal may have been issued by the Cracow city council. The immediate reason for issuing the medal may have been Trzebicki’s support of the strivings of the municipal authorities of Cracow for autonomy in electing members of the city council, which until then were appointed by the local voivode. These efforts took place in 1677 and concluded with a charter issued by King John III Sobieski in Gdańsk on 30 December of that year, granting the city the requested rights. The magnificent medal reveals an aspect of eulogising the prelate, and his praise is expressed not only through his faithful likeness depicted on the obverse. Trzebicki used the ‘Swan’ coat of arms, and the swan was widely interpreted as a symbol of chastity. The motto ‘Candore’ on the reverse refers to not only the whiteness of the swan but also to the principles to which the bishop adhered, both in his private life and in carrying out his public duties. The medal under discussion has from the very beginning enjoyed a special appreciation of collectors, as attested by his detailed analysis included in a study of the medallic collection of King Frederick I in Berlin, by Lorenz Beger, published 1704. Beger has noted the titulature of the prelate, ‘Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia’ – which he considered incorrect (from a Protestant point of view). Additionally, he pointed out to the ambiguity of the swan as a symbol of chastity, as the bird has a black skin hidden under white plumage, which can be interpreted as duplicity, unfair intentions and hypocrisy.  
Źródło:
Artifex Novus; 2020, 4; 111-161
2544-5014
Pojawia się w:
Artifex Novus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oprawa artystyczna Świąt i uroczystości Arcybractwa Różańcowego w Kościele Dominikanów w Krakowie
Artistic setting of festivals and celebrations in the Archconfraternity of the Holy Rosary of the Dominican Church in Cracow
Autorzy:
Czyżewski, Krzysztof J.
Walczak, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Early Modern religious confraternities
Early Modern iconography
Dominican Order in Poland
The Holy Rosary iconography
Early Modern religious celebrations
Early Modern Polish culture
Opis:
In the early modern period, there were around 40 religious confraternities in the agglomeration of Cracow, one of the oldest and most important being the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary at the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity. It is not known when it was founded, but it was probably already operating in the late Middle Ages. In 1600, this confraternity, existing “ab immemorabilis tempore”, was reformed by Fr. Abraham Bzowski, who on this occasion prepared and published an extensive dissertation, having the character of its “statutes”. From 4 February 1601 the seat of the renewed confraternity was in the Chapel of the Three Kings, at the far end of the northern nave of the church. It contained the Brotherhood’s altar which was transferred, probably after 1688, to the church of St. Giles and placed on the altar’s stone in the apse of the presbytery. The altar contained the holy picture of the Virgin Mary of the Salus Populi Romani type, connected by tradition established in the first half of the 17th century with Pope Clement VIII, who was to grant it indulgences. Bernard Maciejowski, then Bishop of Łuck, later Bishop of Cracow and finally Primate, is considered as the donor of the painting. Every first Sunday in October, the Cracow copy of the Roman image was carried out by the brothers out of the chapel and in a solemn procession around the Main Square. This custom was linked to the victory of the Christian fleet over the Turkish one near Lepanto in 1571, after which Pope Pius V established its liturgical memory (7 October). In Poland, this tradition gained a new dimension after to the successful defence of the Chocim fortress against the Turks in 1621. The devotion to the Rosary was cultivated not only in the Brotherhood’s chapel, but also in the Conventual Church, where the altar of the Holy Rosary stood to the left of the choir entrance. Symmetrically to it, on the right side of the rainbow arcade stood the altar of the Confraternity of the Holy Name of Jesus, founded in 1585 by Fr. Bartłomiej of Przemyśl. Its aim was to eradicate the sinful custom of swearing oaths, and because of the connections with the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary it was called the Archconfraternity of the Rosary of the Most Holy Name of Jesus. The spreading of the rosary prayer by the Order went beyond the Conventual Church. A special role in this work was played by the Gothic Church of St. Giles, which the Dominicans took under their protection in 1588. An important caesura in the history of the Archconfraternity of the Holy Rosary was the move to a new spacious oratory, which was erected on the site of the medieval Chapel of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the far end of the southern nave of the church. One of the reasons for undertaking this new work is considered to be the desire to commemorate the victory of John III Sobieski over the Turks at Vienna on 12 September 1683. The opulent decor and interesting ideological programme have only partially survived, but they can be reconstructed on the basis of preserved written sources, as can be the character of the Brotherhood’s celebrations. Particularly interesting monuments include those connected with the so-called Century of the Rosary, established with the consent of Pope Innocent XII (1694). It was a congregation of 100 brothers and 100 sisters, whose task was to pray continuously for the souls suffering in Purgatory. Among other things, a book of this association has been preserved, which contains illuminations showing the salutary effects of the prayer of the Rosary.
Źródło:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki; 2020, 45; 59-84
0080-3472
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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