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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Switzerland-EU Relations – between economic integration and bilateralism
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30117417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
    Tematy:
    Common Commercial Policy
    the European Union
    trade agreements
    Switzerland-EU relations
    economic integration
    bilateralism
    Opis:
    Switzerland’s foreign policy priorities include, among other things, relations not only with neighbouring countries, but also with the EU. Being a country which is located in the heart of Europe, Switzerland considers the relations with the European Union (EU) and its Member States to be of special importance. The paper aims to present mutual relations between Switzerland and the European Union over the past years, demonstrate benefits and threats arising from Switzerland’s decision to choose, as the only one of all third countries, a path of “bilateral agreements”, as well as describe possible scenarios for mutual relations following the rejection of an institutional agreement, which was expected to put that relationship on a new path. The strategy of bilateralism brings many bene fits to Switzerland. However, due to the firm position of the EU, it will be necessary to look for new scenarios for the development of mutual cooperation. Perhaps such a solution would be to renegotiate the free trade agreement with Switzerland and turn it into a next-generation trade agreement.
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2023, 44, 3; 21-44
    2082-8500
    2083-4314
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics & Finance
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The trade effects of the war in Ukraine from the European Union’s and – in particular – Poland’s perspective
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24014616.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    war in Ukraine
    the European Union
    embargo
    trade
    Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement
    Opis:
    The war in Ukraine is the third asymmetric shock that the European Union has experienced in the last two decades, after the 2008 financial and economic crisis, the following Eurozone crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although Russia’s and Ukraine’s shares in the global trade and production are relatively small, they are important suppliers of basic products, specifically food and energy. Therefore, the trade consequences of the war for the European Union, Ukraine’s important trading partner, deserve special attention. The war also disrupts trade relations between the EU and Russia. The EU’s direct trade sanctions are limited to specific sectors, such as oil, coal, arms, dual-use goods, as well as the aviation and space industry. However, financial sanctions, particularly the SWIFT ban imposed on seven Russian banks, increase the costs of commercial transactions considerably. This paper aims to present the trade effects of the war in Ukraine from the European Union’s, Member States’ and, in particular, Poland’s perspective. This refers not only to the trade creation and diversion effect, but also to changes in the structure of the EU’s trade regarding the main groups of goods. These effects will vary depending on direct trade links, dependence on Russian energy and susceptibility to rising energy prices. Given an extensive range of parties involved and issues covered by the research, this paper focuses only on the main aspects of the problem.
    Źródło:
    Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2023, LII, 3; 57-79
    1899-6264
    2451-0718
    Pojawia się w:
    Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    10 lat członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej. Skutki włączenia do jednolitego rynku europejskiego
    10 years of Polish membership in the European Union. The effects of joining the common European market
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504864.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    common market
    accession negotiations to the European Union
    the freedom of movement of goods, persons, services, capital
    European integration
    Opis:
    The inclusion of Poland to the common market for goods meant the abolition of customs duties and quantitative restrictions on agricultural products in mutual trade with the countries of the European Union (customs duties on industrial goods have already been abolished by the Europe Agreement) and the application of the Common Customs Tariff on imports from third countries. Freedom of movement of goods after the accession to the EU accounted for Polish entrepreneurs a chance, because the fulfillment of EU norms and standards means full access to the common market, amounting to more than 500 million inhabitants. Particularly noticeable was the impact of accession on foreign trade, which, thanks to the membership not only gained easier access to the common market, but also new opportunities to increase trade with third countries. Since Polish accession to the EU gradually increased trade in agricultural products as well as their participation in the Polish foreign trade. Emigration of Poles also increased significantly, especially to countries that with effect from 1 May 2004 opened their labor markets, namely the United Kingdom, Ireland. In the final evaluation of the benefits of joining the common market and free movement of goods, persons, services and capital far outweigh, in both the scale of the economy and at the micro level, the costs associated with membership in the European common market.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 1; 9-25
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Swoboda przepływu osób w Unii Europejskiej a prawa i wolności człowieka. Zasada wolności migracyjnej
    Free movement of persons within the European Union and human rights and freedoms. The principle of freedom of migration
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505989.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    free movement of persons
    rights of a citizen of the European Union
    EU single market
    crossing EU borders
    the freedom of people flow
    Opis:
    For a long time governments, politicians and the public are facing a dilemma, how to ensure, on the one hand, the freedom to cross borders, ensure the safety of foreigners and encourage them to come, on the other hand, how to guard against the arrival of unwanted people and ensure the safety of its own citizens. A new quality in the implementation of the principle of freedom of migration was the creation of a single European market, with the four freedoms: free movement of goods, persons, services and capital. The aim was to create an area without internal frontiers, in which persons may move freely. An important role in the abolition of physical barriers on the movement of people played the creation of the Schengen area. All citizens of the European Union have the right of freedom of movement of persons. This also applies to family members of citizens of the European Union, regardless of their nationality. They have the right to move and reside, work and take up economic activities, education, receipt of social benefits. To allow working in another country are also needed some actions to support the movement of workers, especially the recognition of professional qualifications and the harmonization of policies on social benefits.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 2; 11-24
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Umowy o wolnym handlu nowej generacji i ich znaczenie dla relacji handlowych Unii Europejskiej z państwami trzecimi – przypadek Korei Południowej
    New-Generation Free Trade Agreements and Their Relevance for the Trade Relations of the European Union with Third Countries – the Case of South Korea
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505823.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    new-generation free trade agreements
    free trade area
    the European Union
    South Korea
    customs duty
    umowy o wolnym handlu nowej generacji
    strefa wolnego handlu
    Unia Europejska
    Korea Południowa
    cło
    Opis:
    The selection of potential trading partners in new-generation free trade agreements is primarily is above all about economic criteria (market potential, economic growth). This was emphasized in the new strategy of the European Union’s common trade policy in 2006. The first trade agreement of this type which was concluded by the European Union with South Korea fits well into this scheme. Korea is a dynamically developing Asian country, at the same time it is an important trade partner of the EU. The purpose of the article is to show the genesis, main provisions and meaning of new-generation trade agreements which were concluded by the European Union with third countries. In empirical research, the first such agreement – with South Korea – was used. Due to the limited volume of the article, the analysis of the significance of the agreement for EU-South Korean trade relations was mainly limited to trade in goods.
    Główną przesłanką negocjowania umów o wolnym handlu nowej generacji, o których mowa w strategii rozwoju wspólnej polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej z 2006 r. jest kryterium ekonomiczne (potencjał rynku, wzrost gospodarczy) w doborze potencjalnych partnerów handlowych oraz de facto odejście od multilateralizmu na rzecz bilateralizmu. Pierwsza umowa handlowa tego typu zawarta przez Unię Europejską z Koreą Południową dobrze wpisuje się w ten schemat. Korea jako dynamicznie rozwijające się państwo azjatyckie, jest ważnym partnerem handlowym UE. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie genezy, głównych postanowień oraz znaczenia umów handlowych nowej generacji zawieranych przez Unię Europejską z państwami trzecimi. W badaniach empirycznych posłużono się pierwszą taką umowę podpisaną przez UE – z Koreą Południową. Ze względu na ograniczoną objętość artykułu, w analizie znaczenia porozumienia dla unijno-południowokoreańskich relacji handlowych ograniczono się do obrotów towarowych.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2019, 2; 23-37
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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