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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Stosunki handlowe Unii Europejskiej i USA w warunkach współpracy transatlantyckiej
    Trade relations between the European Union and the United States in the framework of transatlantic cooperation
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    transatlantic cooperation
    trade policy
    trade policy instruments
    trade liberalization
    Opis:
    United States and the European Union are the two main centers of the world economy. Both of these centers are each important trading partners in the field of trade in goods and services, capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment. The European Union’s relations with the United States there is both collaboration and competition. Despite the emerging tensions or even conflicts in the relationship both partners are allies and have a decisive impact on the liberalization of world trade, the ongoing process of the GATT/WTO. As part of strengthening transatlantic cooperation created a number of institutions and mechanisms to facilitate and support economic cooperation and signed a number of additional agreements aff ecting trade in mutual, for example, in terms of mutual recognition agreements, aimed at eliminating technical barriers to trade in goods. A negotiated agreement between the two largest economies on a free trade zone may constitute a turning point in transatlantic relations.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 2; 15-33
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Democratic legitimacy in common commercial policy of European Union – evolution of European Parliament’s role
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-29
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Common Commercial Policy
    European Parliament
    European Union
    trade agreements
    Opis:
    RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to present the principles of decision-making, distribution of competences regarding the common commercial policy (CCP), with attention given to the evolution of European Parliament’s (EP) role and to identify actions taken by the EP in relation to the CCP. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Due to the Member States’ delegation of powers to the supranational level and decision-making procedures, allegations that there is no democratic legitimacy in the European Union are of particular relevance to the CCP. In this context, special importance is given to the role of the European Parliament and powers vested in it, especially over the past years. The article employs an analytical and descriptive method. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part presented decision-making principles for the EU’s common commercial policy. Next, the evolution of the European Parliament’s role in the shaping of the CCP was discussed. Finally, the last part gives attention to the EP’s actions in practice and attempts to assess what was a decisive factor behind the Parliament’s specific position. RESEARCH RESULTS: The Treaty of Lisbon increased the formal powers of the European Parliament with regard to the CCP, but at the same time, diminished the role of Member States’ national parliaments (which was due to the fact that the CCP coverage was extended and the scope of the EU’s exclusive competences was broadened). The research conducted has revealed that the EP is more and more often taking advantage of its position in the shaping of the EU commercial policy. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the fact that the role of the European Parliament in the decision-making process has increased, the issue of a democracy deficit in the shaping of the CCP, which was raised in the pre-Lisbon Treaty period, is currently becoming less formally legitimate.
    Źródło:
    Horyzonty Polityki; 2022, 13, 44; 47-69
    2082-5897
    Pojawia się w:
    Horyzonty Polityki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Switzerland-EU Relations – between economic integration and bilateralism
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30117417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
    Tematy:
    Common Commercial Policy
    the European Union
    trade agreements
    Switzerland-EU relations
    economic integration
    bilateralism
    Opis:
    Switzerland’s foreign policy priorities include, among other things, relations not only with neighbouring countries, but also with the EU. Being a country which is located in the heart of Europe, Switzerland considers the relations with the European Union (EU) and its Member States to be of special importance. The paper aims to present mutual relations between Switzerland and the European Union over the past years, demonstrate benefits and threats arising from Switzerland’s decision to choose, as the only one of all third countries, a path of “bilateral agreements”, as well as describe possible scenarios for mutual relations following the rejection of an institutional agreement, which was expected to put that relationship on a new path. The strategy of bilateralism brings many bene fits to Switzerland. However, due to the firm position of the EU, it will be necessary to look for new scenarios for the development of mutual cooperation. Perhaps such a solution would be to renegotiate the free trade agreement with Switzerland and turn it into a next-generation trade agreement.
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2023, 44, 3; 21-44
    2082-8500
    2083-4314
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics & Finance
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Europejskie Partnerstwo Wschodnie – wymiar polityczny, ekonomiczny i bezpieczeństwa zacieśniania stosunków ze wschodnimi sąsiadami Unii Europejskiej
    European Eastern Partnership – political, economic and security dimension of strengthening relations with the European Union’s eastern neighbors
    Autorzy:
    Czermińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035146.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa
    Europejskie Partnerstwo Wschodnie
    umowy stowarzyszeniowe
    pogłębione i kompleksowe strefy wolnego handlu
    European Neighborhood Policy
    European Eastern Partnership
    Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA)
    Association Agreements (AA)
    Opis:
    Przystąpienie dziesięciu państw do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r., a następnie Rumunii i Bułgarii w 2007 r., zbliżyło Wspólnotę do niestabilnych regionów na wschodzie i południu. Pojawiła się ko nieczność wzmocnienia relacji (w tym handlowych) z sąsiadami. Wschodni sąsiedzi Unii Europejskiej zawsze odgrywali bardzo ważną rolę w kształtowaniu jej polityki zagranicznej. Unijna polityka wschodnia obejmuje nie tylko kwestie gospodarcze, ale również polityczne i bezpieczeństwa. Ze względu na zbliżone doświadczenia historyczne, podobne problemy oraz silne wzajemne powiązania gospodarcze, państwa partnerskie traktowane są jako jeden region. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie założeń, istoty i głównych wymiarów Partnerstwa Wschodniego w kontekście wzmocnienia stosunków ze wschodnimi sąsiadami Unii Europejskiej.
    The accession of ten countries in 2004, followed by Romania and Bulgaria in 2007, has brought the EU closer to fragile regions in the east and south. There was a need to strengthen relations (including commercial ones) with neighbors. The European Union’s Eastern neighbors have always played a very important role in its foreign policy. The EU’s eastern policy covers not only economic but also political and security issues. Due to similar historical experience, similar problems and strong economic interconnections, partner countries are treated as one region. The purpose of the article is to show the assumptions, essence and main dimensions of the Eastern Partnership in the context of strengthening relations with the eastern neighbors of the European Union.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2020, 2; 195-214
    1733-2680
    2451-0610
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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