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    Tytuł:
    Chrześcijańskie małżonki sułtanów tureckich. Małżeństwa polityczne w Imperium Osmańskim XIV i XV wieku
    Christian wives of the Turkish sultans. Political marriages in the Ottoman Empire 14th and 15th century
    Autorzy:
    Czamańska, Ilona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909840.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Ottoman empire
    sultan
    Balkans
    Imperium Osmańskie
    sułtan
    Bałkany
    Opis:
    During the formation of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman rulers, similarly to the European rulers pursued a policy of the matrimonial contract, when entering into political marriages with the daughters of the Christian rulers. Christian wives were not forced to convert to Islam. Their status was clearly defined by a marriage settlement signed by the parents or brothers of a future husband. This contract provided females with the right to retain their religion, their means of sustenance to maintain their homes and mansions, as well as high status. Initially, these marriages and the related family relationships were treated very seriously, and one should not consider them to be only a manifestation of vassalization, they usually brought mutual political benefits. With time, with growing disproportions in the military capabilities of the Ottoman Empire and the Christian states in the Balkans, they became a part of political pressure. This did not mean, though, a departure from the principles of marriage contracts. The abolition of the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan countries caused a withdrawal from the policy of the sultans’ marriage contracts with Christian females, and later, a complete resignation from marriage settlements. After the conquest of the Balkans and Asia Minor, they lost their purpose.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2013, 20, 1; 47-63
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ottoman supremacy and the political independence of the Balkan and Central European states
    Autorzy:
    Czamańska, Ilona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32327993.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Ottoman Empire
    Balkan states
    Wallachia
    Moldavia
    Transylvania
    Crimean Khanate
    political subordination
    Opis:
    The article deals with the nature of the political relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan states. The various forms of dependency led to varied limitations on the functioning of these states, especially in the field of their international politics. The Ottoman Empire's relations with weaker, allied, vassal and subordinate states were shaped by the following factors: the historical period, the political and legal nature of the mutual relations, religion, the current political and military situation. On the basis of analysis of the sources and scientific literature, it has been shown that the Ottoman Empire was unable to prevent more or less official policy by its subordinate centres, as long as they had any state structures (even if they were only of a self-governing nature). In the 14th century, most of the Balkan states found themselves as allies and tributaries of the Ottoman Empire. The alliance with the Ottomans did not limit political relations with countries uncommitted against the Ottomans. In the 15th century there was a process of more and more clearly political subordination of the Balkan states which added two important elements to earlier financial and military obligations - investment and obedience. In the 16th century, it was extremely important to surrender to the King of Hungary John Zápolya under the authority of Sultan Suleiman. It also resulted in the Ottoman Empire taking over direct political control of the Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia. The Sultan was not able to fully control them, they often carried out independent political activities, connected with the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Empire, and Transylvania. In the 18th century the process of building the Balkan nation states launched, albeit very slowly. In the 19th century, any independence, even very limited, was conducive to the rapid formation of their own independent statehood.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2023, 30; 73-90
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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