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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Bitwa pod Kowalewem (5 X 1716) – geneza, przebieg, konsekwencje
    Battle of Kowalewo (5 October 1716) – Origin, Course, Consequences
    Autorzy:
    Ciesielski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1157713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    the Tarnogród Confederation
    Saxon army
    Polish-Lithuanian army
    battle of Kowalewo
    Opis:
    The article, which refers to the research on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s military history in the 18th century and the crisis of Old Polish war art, presents the genesis, course and effects of the battle of Kowalewo of 5 October 1716. Epistolographic material, press and chronicle accounts along with plans of two battles constitute the source base. These primary sources were given a critical analysis, the acquired information being collated and verified in order to obtain a reasonably precise picture of the causes, course and consequences of the battle. The armed forces participating in the battle consisted of the military forces of the Tarnogród Confederation and the royal corps formed from Saxon and Polish regiments and banners, which made the battle fratricidal. About 9–10 thousand soldiers with 6 cannons fought on the side of the Confederation, whilst the royal army had 6,000–6,500 royal soldiers with 4–7 cannons. The confederates had numerical superiority, which was compensated by the advantage in artillery, firearms and better training of royal soldiers. It turned out that these factors were decisive, because the Confederate forces suffered a devastating defeat. After the battle, the group of Chrysostom Gniazdowski actually ceased to exist, and the second military unit commanded by Stefan Potocki withdrew to Mazovia. At least 1,500 or even over 2,000 confederates were killed or wounded in the battle. Another 610 were captured. The royal army also won six cannons and many military characters. The royal forces paid for their success with minor losses – probably only 132 killed and wounded soldiers. Although this battle should not have taken place due to the current ceasefire, its military and political effects were significant. As a result of the battle, the royal army regained full control over Kuyavia and Pomerania, securing the facilities of the troops protecting Warsaw. With the beginning of the Russian armed intervention, this led to the weakening of the confederates’ position in the ongoing peace negotiations, and, as a consequence, to the conclusion of a compromise agreement on 3 November 1716, which did not meet many of the demands of the Warsaw treaty.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 31-56
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Artykuły wojenne dla artylerii koronnej Augusta III z 1737 r.
    Articles of war for the artillery of Augustus III from 1737
    Autorzy:
    Ciesielski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621861.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, armia, August III, prawo wojskowe.
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, army, August III, military law.
    Opis:
    During the reigns of Augustus II and Augustus III (both Polish) – the Lithuanian Com- monwealth’s armies were modernized. As early as during the Great Northern War the armies were equipped with relatively modern military devices, and within the following decades efforts were made to keep the equipment in line with European standards. As far as the financial and organizational aspects were concerned, the most significant were the reforms of the Silent Sejm from 1717. Moreover, it was signalled that the military law should be thoroughly modernized by means of developing general and detailed codes determining the rules of military service and principles of everyday life for the soldiers of both Commonwealth’s armies. Although a few, or perhaps several drafts of such codes were developed, what finally happened was that the military law applica- ble in 1753-1755 was codified (three codes, two of which were prepared for printing by Samuel Brodowski), and foremostly, three new normative acts regulating the principles of organization and discipline in the Commonwealth’s army were issued. One of them was authored by Augustus II, who in 1698 announced new Military Articles. His son and heir to the Commonwealth’s throne, Augustus III made an attempt to modify those articles by means of issuing his own War Articles in 1749. However, it does not seem that they were widely adopted in the royal and Lithuanian armies or that they supplanted the articles of Augustus II. They shared the fate of an earlier attempt made by Augustus III in order to modify the applicable military law, i.e. the Articles for artillery issued in 1737. In fact, the only proof of their existence is the royal diploma establishing those articles stored in the National Archives in Cracow and reprinted in this article. I did not access any source materials confirming that the articles of Augustus III were presented to artil- lery officers in either royal or Lithuanian armies, or that they were ever applied in the court practice. From the preamble it may be concluded that the articles were published at the request of the head of the Polish artillery, Zygmunt Adolf Rybiński, and developed on the basis of the royal articles for artillery from the first half of 17th century. In fact, although there were numerous common elements with the articles issued by Władysław IV, their construction and number of paragraphs were different, and most importantly so were the definitions of disciplinary rules and the punishments catalogue. In fact, the articles of Augustus III were modelled upon the normative acts regulating the provi- sions of criminal law applicable in the Saxon army artillery. However, the obligations imposed upon the soldiers, the same as in the case of other military articles announced for the Commonwealth’s army since the mid-16th century and by the 1780s: loyalty to the King and the Commonwealth; absolute obedience to the King and all army superiors along with following their orders; diligent fulfilment of duties, especially during watch and war time; taking good care of military equipment; modest and proper behaviour within stationing and accommodation sites. The articles also regulated the principles of concluding marriages, which was only possible upon obtaining permission from the superiors. The articles also strictly prohibited initiating riots, brawling among the sol- diers, duelling, causing harm to the civilians, committing criminal offences, cowardice or desertion while facing the enemy, spying for the enemy and destroying public utility facilities along with mills, ploughs and bakery ovens both within the territory of their own and enemy countries. Failure to comply with the obligations and duties resulted in severe punishments, both financial and corporal, imprisonment combined with heavy physical work or even capital punishment.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2016, 15, 1; 95-116
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W poszukiwaniu doświadczenia wojskowego czy sławy wojennej. Peregrynacje militarne Polaków w XVIII wieku
    In Pursuit of Military Experience or Military Renown: Military Peregrinations of Poles in the 18th Century
    Autorzy:
    Ciesielski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850494.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Zamojska
    Tematy:
    Grand Tour
    educational travel
    military experience
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth armies
    European state armies
    officers
    18th-century wars
    podróże edukacyjne
    doświadczenie wojskowe
    armie Rzeczypospolitej
    armie państw europejskich
    oficerowie
    wojny w XVIII wieku
    Opis:
    W artykule zostały omówione podróże oficerów XVIII-wiecznych armii Rzeczypospolitej do krajów europejskich w celu zdobycia wykształcenia fachowego oraz doświadczenia wojennego. W XVIII wieku zjawisko peregrynacji wojskowych nabrało na sile w stosunku do poprzednich stuleci, na co wpływ miały z jednej strony głęboki kryzys wojskowości polskiej, a z drugiej ograniczona liczebność armii koronnej i litewskiej. Nie sposób oszacować skali tego zjawiska i dlatego w artykule ograniczono się do przedstawienia sondażowej grupy kilkudziesięciu oficerów, którzy od schyłku drugiej dekady do lat 80. XVIII wieku podjęli się takich peregrynacji. Najwięcej Polaków służyło w armii saskiej, co było związane z zasiadaniem na tronie Rzeczypospolitej Wettynów, a z armii obcych władców najpopularniejszymi były: francuska, cesarska, pruska i rosyjska.
    This article discusses the journeys undertaken by 18th-century officers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to European countries in their quest for professional education and military expertise. The phenomenon of military peregrinations gained momentum during the 18th century, becoming more popular than in the previous centuries. This development can be attributed, on one hand, to the profound crisis in Polish military affairs and, on the other hand, to the small size of the Crown and Lithuanian armies. Due to the difficulty in ascertaining the full extent of this phenomenon, this article is limited to an analysis of a representative sample of several dozen officers who embarked on such peregrinations between the 1720s and the 1780s. Notably, it was the Saxon army that emerged as the most favoured destination for Polish officers, this fact being intrinsically linked to the presence of the Wettin dynasty on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s throne. As for foreign armies, it was the French, Austrian, Prussian, and Russian contingents that were the most popular.
    Źródło:
    Facta Simonidis; 2023, 16, 1; 149-170
    1899-3109
    Pojawia się w:
    Facta Simonidis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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