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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    An Unexpected Result on Modelling the Behavior of A/D Converters and the Signals They Produce
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203003.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    modelling
    signal
    sampling operation
    Opis:
    In this paper, we show that the signal sampling operation considered as a non-ideal one, which incorporates finite time switching and operation of signal blurring, does not lead, as the researchers would expect, to Dirac impulses for the case of their ideal behavior.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 1; 185--191
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Extended Definitions of Spectrum of a Sampled Signal
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    spectrum of sample signal
    ideal versus non-ideal sampling
    modelling of signal sampling process
    Opis:
    It is shown that a number of equivalent choices for the calculation of the spectrum of a sampled signal are possible. Two such choices are presented in this paper. It is illustrated that the proposed calculations are more physically relevant than the definition currently in use.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2021, 67, 3; 395-401
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On modelling and description of the output signal of a sampling device
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202544.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    signal sampling
    modelling
    ideal or non-ideal sampling
    averaging operator
    Dirac and Kronecker deltas
    Opis:
    The problem of an inconsistent description of an “interface” between the A/D converter and the digital signal processor that implements, for example, a digital filtering (described by a difference equation) – when a sequence of some hypothetical weighted Dirac deltas occurs at its input, instead of a sequence of numbers – is addressed in this paper. Digital signal processors work on numbers, and there is no “interface” element that converts Dirac deltas into numbers. The output of the A/D converter is directly connected to the input of the signal processor. Hence, a clear conclusion must follow that sampling devices do not generate Dirac deltas. Not the other way around. Furthermore, this fact has far-reaching implications in the spectral analysis of discrete signals, as discussed in other works referred to in this paper.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2023, 72, 1; 147--155
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Some Useful Results Related with Sampling Theorem and Reconstruction Formula
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sampling theorem
    cardinal series
    reconstruction formula
    Opis:
    In this paper, we present some useful results related with the sampling theorem and the reconstruction formula. The first of them regards a relation existing between bandwidths of interpolating functions different from a perfectreconstruction one and the bandwidth of the latter. Furthermore, we prove here that two non-identical interpolating functions can have the same bandwidths if and only if their (same) bandwidth is a multiple of the bandwidth of an original unsampled signal. The next result shows that sets of sampling points of two nonidentical (but not necessarily interpolating) functions possessing different bandwidths are unique for all sampling periods smaller or equal to a given period (calculated in a theorem provided). These results are completed by the following one: in case of two different signals possessing the same bandwidth but different spectra shapes, their sets of sampling points must differ from each other.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 471-475
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Some Topological Aspects of Sampling Theorem and Reconstruction Formula
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226041.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    topological issues
    reconstruction formula
    sampling theorem
    Opis:
    We present here a few thoughts regarding topological aspects of transferring a signal of a continuous time into its discrete counterpart and recovering an analog signal from its discrete-time equivalent. In our view, the observations presented here highlight the essence of the above transformations. Moreover, they enable deeper understanding of the reconstruction formula and of the sampling theorem. We also interpret here these two borderline cases that are associated with a time quantization step going to zero, on the one hand, and approaching its greatest value provided by the sampling theorem, on the other.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 2; 301-307
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Another Proof of Ambiguity of the Formula Describing Aliasing and Folding Effects in Spectrum of Sampled Signal
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    signal sampling
    occurrence of spectrum aliasing and folding
    modelling of non-ideal signal sampling operation
    Vetterli's model
    Opis:
    In this paper, a new proof of ambiguity of the formula describing the aliasing and folding effects in spectra of sampled signals is presented. It uses the model of non-ideal sampling operation published by Vetterli et al. Here, their model is modified and its black-box equivalent form is achieved. It is shown that this modified model delivers the same output sequences but of different spectral properties. Finally, a remark on two possible understandings of the operation of non-ideal sampling is enclosed as well as fundamental errors that are made in perception and description of sampled signals are considered.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 1; 115--122
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filtering Property of Signal Sampling in General and Under-Sampling as a Specific Operation of Filtering Connected with Signal Shaping at the Same Time
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226441.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    signal sampling
    filtering
    discrete-time Fourier transform
    Opis:
    In this paper, we show that signal sampling operation can be considered as a kind of all-pass filtering in the time domain, when the Nyquist frequency is larger or equal to the maximal frequency in the spectrum of a signal sampled. We demonstrate that this seemingly obvious observation has wide-ranging implications. They are discussed here in detail. Furthermore, we discuss also signal shaping effects that occur in the case of signal under-sampling. That is, when the Nyquist frequency is smaller than the maximal frequency in the spectrum of a signal sampled. Further, we explain the mechanism of a specific signal distortion that arises under these circumstances. We call it the signal shaping, not the signal aliasing, because of many reasons discussed throughout this paper. Mainly however because of the fact that the operation behind it, called also the signal shaping here, is not a filtering in a usual sense. And, it is shown that this kind of shaping depends upon the sampling phase. Furthermore, formulated in other words, this operation can be viewed as a one which shapes the signal and performs the low-pass filtering of it at the same time. Also, an interesting relation connecting the Fourier transform of a signal filtered with the use of an ideal low-pass filter having the cut frequency lying in the region of under-sampling with the Fourier transforms of its two under-sampled versions is derived. This relation is presented in the time domain, too.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 3; 589-594
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On Derivation of Discrete Time Fourier Transform from Its Continuous Counterpart
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sampling of signals
    discrete time
    continuous time
    Fourier transforms
    Opis:
    This paper is devoted to some problems that appear in derivations of the discrete time Fourier transform from a formula for its continuous time counterpart for transformation from the time into the frequency domain as well as to those regarding transformation in the inverse direction. In particular, the latter ones remained so far an unresolved problem. It is solved for the first time here. Many detailed explanations accompanying the solution found are presented. Finally, it is also worth noting that our derivations do not exploit any of such sophisticated mathematical tools as the so-called Dirac delta and Dirac comb.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 2; 355-360
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measuring Process via Sampling of Signals, and Functions with Attributes
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226048.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    measuring process
    sampling of signals
    functions with attributes
    Dirichlet function
    Opis:
    In this paper, it has been shown that any measuring process can be modeled as a process of sampling of signals. Also, a notion of a special kind of functions, called here functions with attributes, has been introduced. The starting point here, in the first of the above themes, is an observation that in fact we are not able to measure and record truly continuously in time any physical quantity. The measuring process can be viewed as going stepwise that is in steps from one instant to another, similarly as a sampling of signals proceeds. Therefore, it can be modeled as the latter one. We discuss this in more detail here. And, the notion of functions with attributes, we introduced here, follows in a natural way from the interpretation of both the measuring process as well as the sampling of signals that we present in this paper. It turns out to be useful.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 2; 309-314
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Problem of Aliasing and Folding Effects in Spectrum of Sampled Signals in View of Information Theory
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055264.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    signal sampling
    modeling of sampled signal in the time domain
    signal information content
    spectrum aliasing and folding
    Banach–Tarski-like paradox in signal sampling
    Opis:
    In this paper, the problem of aliasing and folding effects in spectrum of sampled signals in view of Information Theory is discussed. To this end, the information content of deterministic continuous time signals, which are continuous functions, is formulated first. Then, this notion is extended to the sampled versions of these signals. In connection with it, new signal objects that are partly functions but partly not are introduced. It is shown that they allow to interpret correctly what the Whittaker–Shannon reconstruction formula in fact does. With help of this tool, the spectrum of the sampled signal is correctly calculated. The result achieved demonstrates that no aliasing and folding effects occur in the latter. Finally, it is shown that a Banach–Tarski-like paradox can be observed on the occasion of signal sampling.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2022, 68, 2; 315--322
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Further Discussion on Modeling of Measuring Process via Sampling of Signals
    Autorzy:
    Borys, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    measuring process
    sampling of signals
    smearing of signal samples
    averaging of signal samples
    Opis:
    In this paper, we continue a topic of modeling measuring processes by perceiving them as a kind of signal sampling. And, in this respect, note that an ideal model was developed in a previous work. Whereas here, we present its nonideal version. This extended model takes into account an effect, which is called averaging of a measured signal. And, we show here that it is similar to smearing of signal samples arising in nonideal signal sampling. Furthermore, we demonstrate in this paper that signal averaging and signal smearing mean principally the same, under the conditions given. So, they can be modeled in the same way. A thorough analysis of errors related to the signal averaging in a measuring process is given and illustrated with equivalent schemes of the relationships derived. Furthermore, the results obtained are compared with the corresponding ones that were achieved analyzing amplitude quantization effects of sampled signals used in digital techniques. Also, we show here that modeling of errors related to signal averaging through the so-called quantization noise, assumed to be a uniform distributed random signal, is rather a bad choice. In this paper, an upper bound for the above error is derived. Moreover, conditions for occurrence of hidden aliasing effects in a measured signal are given.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2020, 66, 3; 507-513
    2300-1933
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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