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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular tick developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens affecting humans in Central Europe. 2. Tick-borne encephalitis virus
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Opis:
    Hard-bodied ticks transmit various pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., and carry numerous other microorganisms with an unknown pathogenic potential. Among them, tick-borne encephalitis virus has great importance. In Central European conditions all developmental stages of ticks participate in the zoonotic cycle of the TBE virus. According to pathogen and tick biology, the roles of larvae, nymphs and adults are different. Larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks are responsible for circulation in rodents and medium sized mammals; adults transfer the infection to ruminants and to next generations via transovarial transmission. All active developmental stages of I. ricinus can play role of the bridge vector, transmitting the infection to humans apart males which don’t feed. The late summer peak of human infectivity is caused by the summer peak of I. ricinus nymphs’ activity. The Dermacentor reticulatus tick attacks humans infrequently, but does participate in the circulation of the virus in the zoonotic foci; larvae and nymphs of the D. reticulatus ticks are responsible for circulation in rodents, mainly Microtinae, while adults transmit the infection to ruminants.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2016, 62, 1
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular ticks developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. 5. Borreliaceae
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Stanczak, J.
    Werszko, J.
    Szewczyk, T.
    Sytykiewicz, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6160.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2018, 64, 3
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular tick developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens affecting humans in Central Europe. 3. Rickettsiae
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Stanczak, J.
    Szewczyk, T.
    Werszko, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/5574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Opis:
    Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus ticks are the most important vector for Rickettsia spp. in Central Europe. Ticks sustain rickettsial transmission cycles transovarially and transstadially, it makes enable the rickettsial circulation in the tick population in the absence of vertebrate competent reservoir. Rickettsia helvetica is transmitted by I. ricinus tick; the highest rates of infection are noted in adult females, lower in males and in nymphs. All tick developmental stages apart males are able to infect mammal hosts and humans. The potential animal reservoir could be wild boar, the role of deer is unclear; small rodents maintain the tick population. Rickettsia slovaca is transmitted by D. marginatus and D. reticulatus ticks. The available data suggest the role of wild boars and Apodemus mice as animal reservoir. The ticks able to infect human are adults D. marginatus. Rickettsia raoultii is transmitted by D. marginatus and D. reticulatus. The infections of mammals are not recorded. As in Rickettsia slovaca, human can be infected by adults D. marginatus. Rickettsia monacensis is transmitted in Central Europe by I. ricinus tick (apart males), although there is a documented infection of Dermacentor ticks. The differences in the infection rates of tick’s larvae, nymphs and adults suggest the limited role of transovarial transmission, and the participation of mammals in the zoonotic cycle, being the source of infection for larvae and nymphs.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2016, 62, 2
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular ticks developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. 6. Babesia
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Stanczak, J.
    Werszko, J.
    Szewczyk, T.
    Sytykiewicz, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6318.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2018, 64, 4
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular ticks developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. 4. Anaplasmataceae
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Stanczak, J.
    Werszko, J.
    Wroblewski, P.
    Szewczyk, T.
    Sytykiewicz, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/5808.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Opis:
    In Central European conditions, two species of Anaplasmataceae have epidemiological significance – Candidatus Neoehrlichia micurensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Tick Ixodes ricinus is considered as their main vector, wild mammals as the animal reservoir. There is presented the transstadial transmission in ticks, due to the lack of transovarial mode the circulation goes mainly between immature ticks and hosts; pathogen circulates primarily in the cycle: infected rodent → the tick larva → the nymph → the mammal reservoir → the larva of the tick. The tick stages able to effectively infect human are nymphs and adult females, males do not participate in the follow transmission. The summary of available data of different A. phagocytophilum strains associations with different hosts revealed at least few distinct enzootic cycle, concern the same ticks species and different mammal hosts. It is possible to reveal in Central Europe the existence of at least three different epidemiological transmission cycles of A. phagocytophilum. The first cycle involves strains pathogenic for human and identical strains from horses, dogs, cats, wild boars, hedgehogs, possibly red foxes. The second cycle involves deer, European bison and possibly domestic ruminants. The third cycle contains strains from voles, shrew and possibly Apodemus mice. In Western Europe voles might be involved in separate enzootic cycle with Ixodes trianguliceps as the vector.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2016, 62, 4
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of particular tick developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens affecting humans in Central Europe. 1. The general pattern
    Autorzy:
    Karbowiak, G.
    Biernat, B.
    Szewczyk, T.
    Sytykiewicz, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/6512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    tick
    development stage
    circulation
    tick-borne pathogen
    human infection
    enzootic source
    Ixodes ricinus
    Dermacentor reticulatus
    Dermacentor marginatus
    Central Europe
    Europe
    Opis:
    Tick-borne pathogens are common in the natural environment, but their occurrence has a focal character. They occur in the natural environment in the form of the enzootic sources of infection. The general components include the animal reservoir, amplifiers and the efficient vector. However, the particular role of components can differ depending on the pathogen, the host range and possible transmission routes. Animal reservoir of pathogen are vertebrate animals, being the hosts of pathogens. In Europe these are small or medium-sized mammals and sometimes birds that feed on the ground. The competence of an animal reservoir is determined by the ability to communicate the infection; long-term persistence of the pathogen in the host; long-duration of infectivity of the animal for ticks; a sufficient number of animals in the endemic region. Amplifiers for ticks are artiodactyls. They are hosts for nymphs and adult ticks, thereby making it possible for ticks to propagate and maintain the proper size of their population. Efficient vector for pathogen are ticks. The first characteristic feature of efficient vectors is feeding duration exceeding 24 hours; the high density of the tick population. The conditions necessary to consider ticks as efficient vectors are met in Central Europe by the Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus ticks. There are the general differences in biology between Ixodes persulcatus complex ticks and Dermacentor ticks, affecting their different role and ability in pathogens spreading – the range of hosts; the ability to inhabiting of various environments and resistance to unfavourable conditions; the duration of larvae and nymphs activity. The combination of tick’s biology, pathogen ability to transmission, and mammal hosts’ competence, determines the particular role of larvae, nymphs and adults in pathogen circulation in the natural environment, as well as transmission to new hosts.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2015, 61, 4
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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