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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    The Eastern Zone of the Przeworsk culture – and what it comprehends
    Autorzy:
    Andrzejowski, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1381513.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    Eastern Zone of the Przeworsk culture
    Roman Period
    cemeteries
    brooches
    weapon graves
    Opis:
    In phase B1, and very prominently – in phase B2 of the Roman Period, tribal groups of the north-eastern territories of the Przeworsk culture displayed a number of characteristic regional elements. These elements are mostly seen in female outfits that become much richer and more varied than elsewhere within the Przeworsk culture territory. The features specific for the Eastern Przeworsk Zone, like e.g., a very high frequency of dress elements made of copper alloys, would be largely the effect of mutual relations of these people with communities of the Wielbark culture from Eastern Pomerania. Though outwardly only ethnographic, this specificity of the material culture may have deeper underlying causes, since starting with phase B1, there is evidence of two basic types of Eastern Przeworsk cemeteries. In both cases, the women’s grave furnishings display general Eastern Przeworsk characteristics. In cemeteries of the first group weapon graves disappear already in early phase B1. These cemeteries fell out of use before the end of phase B2 and reflect the full, or nearly full withdrawal of the ‘Przeworsk’ community from that area. The second group form Przeworsk cemeteries with ‘standard’ weapon graves. From phase B2/C1 on, the Wielbark culture newcomers continued to use many of these cemeteries. Many of them were then continuously used from phase B2/C1 by the Wielbark culture newcomers. It appears that a part of the Przeworsk population from the Eastern Zone probably joined Gothic (Wielbark) tribes then moving south. Recently many brooches recognized traditionally as definitely ethnographic markers of the Przeworsk culture (types Almgren 43 and Almgren 129) have been registered in the western provinces of nowadays Ukraine. However, these finds are already much more numerous than those from the ‘core’ territory of the Przeworsk culture – for the time being, this phenomenon seems to be inexplicable.
    Źródło:
    Acta Archaeologica Carpathica; 2020, 55; 9-38
    0001-5229
    2719-4841
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej z Grzebska na północnym Mazowszu
    Cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture at Grzebsk, Northern Mazovia
    Autorzy:
    Andrzejowski, Jacek
    Rakowski, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-01-28
    Wydawca:
    Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Barbaricum
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    kultura przeworska
    cmentarzyska
    archeologia archiwalna
    Roman Period
    Przeworsk Culture
    cemeteries
    archival archaeology
    Opis:
    In June 1927, two artefacts – an iron shield boss and a fragment of a small clay bowl – were donated to the National Museum in Warsaw; both were found under unknown circumstances at Grzebsk, Mława County. The shield boss can now be found in the collection of the Polish Army Museum, where it was moved as a deposit of the National Museum before 1939, while the bowl appeared – quite unexpectedly – in the pottery storage of the Iron Age Department of the State Archaeological Museum (PMA) in Warsaw, where it was ‘discovered’ in 1988. It is not quite clear how it found its way to the PMA; what is known is that this must have happened no later than in 1980. According to notes on the catalogue cards of both artefacts, drawn up still in the National Museum, they were found in a grave “covered with a flat stone, with smaller stones around it”, together with “a clay idol, which crumbled after unearthing, an iron sword, and a couple of spurs”. The grave marks an otherwise unknown cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture. We do not have any details about its location other than it was (is?) probably situated on the grounds of the former estate in the village of Grzebsk. The catalogue cards and inventory book of the National Museum list the artefacts as donated by Damian Gniazdowski, however, a different name – Wacław Gniazdowski – can be found in the delivery book of the Museum. The latter is true, as we know that Damian took possession of the Grzebsk estate no earlier than in 1889 and no later than in 1892, then sold the manor farm in 1902 or 1903, and moved with his family to Łępice, Pułtusk County, where he died in January 1922. The grave would have been discovered between 1889/1892 and 1902/1903, thus Damian’s son Wacław, born in 1894, must have recounted the description of the grave that he heard from his father. The small bowl from Grzebsk (Fig. 1) is typical of Przeworsk Culture pottery from the Early Roman Period and corresponds to type VI/1 in the classic typology by Teresa Liana; its unpreserved base could have been convex or concave, possibly – although this would have been completely unique – flat. Similar bowls are common at cemeteries in northern and eastern Mazovia, for example, Niedanowo 2, Nidzica County, Modła 2, Mława County, or Kamieńczyk 2, Wyszków County. Their chronology at the three cemeteries falls within the horizon of phase B1 and the older stage of phase B2. The characteristic star-like ornament on the body connects the bowl from Grzebsk with a group of vessels considered – with reservations – as more or less distant imitations of ribbed Roman glass bowls. Our specimen can be regarded – after Morten Hegewisch – as a “creative plagiarism”. The shield boss (Fig. 2:a.b) belongs to conical forms corresponding to interregional types Bohnsack 8, Jahn 5, and Zieling I1a, typical of the end of the Late Pre-Roman Period and the beginning of the Roman Period. Its surface, especially on the flange, is heavily corroded. Nevertheless, there are visible remains of so-called fire patina, attesting that the object was at some point on a funeral pyre. Only one rivet with a slightly convex, circular head has been preserved, however, rivet holes indicate that the boss was originally attached to a shield with twelve regularly spaced rivets (Fig. 2:c). Such a large number of rivets indicates that the boss should be counted among the older conical forms of Late Pre-Roman shield bosses of the Przeworsk Culture corresponding to type Bochnak 15 and dated to phases A3 and A3/B1, i.e. the end of the 1st century BC and very beginning of the 1st century AD. This fits with dating of other north-Mazovian graves with shield bosses type Bochnak 15, e.g. from Lemany, Pułtusk County, Legionowo, Legionowo County, and possibly also from Niedanowo 1, Nidzica County and Łysa Góra at Gródki, Działdowo County. The small iron nail stuck in the head of the preserved rivet is an interesting element (Fig. 3). Similar to the rest of the artefact, it is covered with fire patina, which indicates its original, ancient provenance. It may indicate an unusual manner of repairing the shield, probably following damage it sustained in a fight. Such a solution, consisting of hammering in another rivet, or a nail as it may be, instead of replacing the damaged rivet, may indicated the ad hoc nature of the repair or lack of access to a specialised workshop. The location of the cemetery remains unknown. It was certainly situated within Damian Gniazdowski’s estate. It is probably what a primary school teacher from Grzebsk referred to in 1926 as a “pagan cemetery” on the grounds of the manor farm, already in the possession of the Rudowski family, where “pots with ashes” were being unearthed. It may be the site registered during field walking in 1998 within the limits of a large gravel pit in the northern part of the village of Grzebsk (Fig. 4, 5). Potsherds and damaged graves in the walls of the gravel pit were discovered there – the site was identified as a Przeworsk Culture cemetery from the “Roman Period”. During verification of the site in 2018, traces of graves in the gravel pit could no longer be observed, however, fragments of characteristic sepulchral pottery of the Przeworsk Culture from the Early Roman Period were found in the gravel pit itself and its immediate vicinity. More information about this site can only be obtained through archaeological excavations. However, we will probably never know whether the cemetery that yielded the artefacts described here and the cemetery discovered in 1998 are one and the same.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 211-218
    0043-5082
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konstrukcje drewniane z grobów ciałopalnych z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej w Jartyporach na Podlasiu
    Die Holzkonstruktionen aus Brandgräbem im Gräberfeld der Wielbark-Kultur in Jartypory (Podlasien)
    Autorzy:
    Andrzejowski, Jacek
    Stanek, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941911.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Das Gräberfeld in Jartypory, Kr. Węgrów, ist bereits seit den 60-cr Jahren des 20. Jhs. bekannt. Systematische Ausgrabungen wurden in den Jahren 1998-99 durchgeführt, wobei Objekte der Wiclbark-Kultur entdeckt worden sind. Aus Streufunden ist es zu schliesscn, dass in der Nekropole auch Gräber der Przeworsk-Kultur angelegt wurden. Nach dem Fundmaterial zu urteilen, wurde das Gräberfeld der Wielbark-Kultur in den Stufen B2/C1-D belegt. Unter den entdeckten Objekten sind verschiedene Brandgrabanlagen besonders interessant, hervorzuheben sind vor allem vier grosse und tiefe, regelmässige Gruben mit Asche und grosser Menge von Holzkohlestücken (Objekte 28, 30, 49 und 52; Abb. 2). Am Boden jedes dieser Objekte befanden sich Reste -von in situ verbrannten, in mehreren Schichten lagernden Holzgerüsten. Die Wände der Gruben wiesen keine Brandspuren auf, was vermuten lässt, dass das Holz in offener Grube brannte. In zwei Gruben wurden je eine Urne mit Leichenbrand gefunden, in zwei weiteren waren die verbrannten Knochen zerstreut. Als Inventar sind Keramikfragmente, teilweise sekundär verbrannt, Glasperlen, Bronzefibcln und - schnallen, Glasspielsteine und Spinnwirtel zu nennen. Das Objekt 49 wird durch die Fibel A. 170 in die Stufe Clb-C2 datiert. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die genannten Objekte mit den Gerüsten als Brandbestattungen zu interpretieren sind; dagegen bleibt die Bestattungsform völlig unklar. Vermutlich haben wir mit Spuren besondererer Riten während der Brandbestattungszeremonie zu tun, deren Identifizierung sehr schwierig ist, um so mehr, als bisher anthropologische und dendrochronologische Untersuchungen fehlen. Sicher ist nur, dass in den vier vorgestellten Befunden noch vor der Bestattung Holzkonstruktionen errichtet und anschliessend abgebrannt wurden. Die verbrannten Tongefässfragmente zwischen Holzbalken im Objekt 52 weisen darauf hin, dass ursprünglich auf dem Holzgerüst unidentifizierte Gegenstände deponiert wurden. Vielleicht kommen u.a. Haselnüsse in Frage, deren magische Bedeutung allgemein akzeptiert ist. Die Leichenbrandreste sind vermutlich als pars pro toto der vollständigen Brandbestattung zu betrachten, worauf die geringe Knochenanzahl sowie fragmentarische Beigaben hindcuten. Was mit dem Rest geschah, bleibt eine ofTene Frage. Eine hellere Farbe im oberen Teil unserer Befunde wäre zumindest in einigen Fällen als Anzeichen der Wiederöffnung des Grabes zu interpretieren. Völlig unklar bleibt die Interpretation unverbrannter Beigaben, vor allem Bernsteinstücke, in schwarzen, mit Holzkohle gefüllten Gruben.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2007, 25
    0208-6034
    2449-8300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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