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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Loyalitätsprobleme von Protestanten in den Ostgebieten Polens
    Autorzy:
    Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568972.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    The Protestants in the Eastern Borderlands were a part of a diverse environment regarding religion – there were Orthodox Christians in Volhynian, Polesie and Nowogródek Voivodeships, Greek Catholics in Lviv, Stanisławów and Tarnopol Voivodeships, as well as Roman Catholics in Vilnius and Białystok Voivodeships. Members of the Evangelical Church were also strangers there when it comes to their nationality, since the society consisted mainly of Poles, Ukrainians, Jews and Belarusians. The role of churches was much more extensive than in other regions of the Second Polish Republic. In Volhynia it was particularly difficult to separate certain branches of the Church’s activity. With the absence of social, cultural, national or political organisations, the Church took over all their duties. The clergymen were the unquestionable leaders of the German community and the Church took up the task of organising the Germans nation-wide. Evangelical churches in the Eastern Borderlands were basically not politically active and they also showed a loyal attitude towards the Polish state. The fact that on the threshold of the Second Polish Republic they broke the reliance on foreign centres was very significant – this was not done for example by the Evangelical United Church in Greater Poland or Pomerania. Evangelical churches from the territories annexed by Russia and Austria had a positive attitude towards the issue of Polish nationality, which derived from the fact, that those churches were never privileged, as opposed to the Evangelical United Church. German Protestants were always living there, far beyond the reach of German authorities, apart from the German occupation period during the First World War. That is why they considered their status of a national and religious minority as completely natural. German Protestants lived there in harmony with fellow believers of other nationalities: Polish, Czech, Jewish and Ukrainian. This mosaic of nationalities distinguished churches in that region from those located in Western or Central Poland. This peaceful coexistence was interrupted only by single Polish-German incidents. They were mainly caused by the state authorities’ activities, who wanted to grant Polish Protestants greater control over churches. This happened for instance in Białystok and Lviv.
    Źródło:
    Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2013, 2(5); 189-209
    2084-3291
    Pojawia się w:
    Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Austria w polskiej polityce bezpieczeństwa w latach 1918–1926
    Autorzy:
    Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1628430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-23
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Austria
    Polska
    polityka bezpieczeństwa
    stosunki polsko-austriackie
    bezpieczeństwo państwa
    dyplomacja polska
    Polska
    security policy
    Polish-Austrian relations
    state’s security
    Polish diplomacy
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest ustalenie znaczenia Austrii w polityce bezpieczeństwa RP w latach 1918–1926. Przeprowadzona analiza stosunków dwustronnych ma wykazać, czy Polska traktowała Austrię jako potencjalnego sojusznika, czy jednak w większym stopniu jako zagrożenie. Groźba utraty niepodległości przez Austrię była uznawana przez władze polskie za czynnik zagrożenia systemu wersalskiego, którego nienaruszalność stanowiła kamień węgielny polityki bezpieczeństwa RP. Paradoksalnie to słabość Austrii decydowała o jej dużym znaczeniu w polityce bezpieczeństwa Polski.
    The article aims to determine the importance of Austria for Poland’s security policy in 1918–1926. The Polish authorities considered the threat of a loss of independence by Austria as a factor threatening the Versailles system, the inviolability of which was the cornerstone of the Polish security policy. An analysis of the bilateral relations conducted by the author is to reveal whether Poland regarded Austria as a potential ally or more as a threat. Paradoxically, it was Austria’s weakness that determined the great importance of this state in Poland’s security policy.
    Źródło:
    Dzieje Najnowsze; 2021, 53, 2; 5-18
    0419-8824
    Pojawia się w:
    Dzieje Najnowsze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problem tożsamości i poczucia lojalności Żydów pochodzących z zaboru pruskiego na przykładzie Alfreda Cohna (1901–1961)
    The Problem of Identity and the Sense of Loyalty of Jews Coming from the Prussian Partition on the Example of Alfred Cohn (1901–1961)
    Autorzy:
    Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1156901.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    West Prussia
    Greater Poland
    German Jews
    emancipation
    acculturation
    assimilation
    national identity
    loyalty to the state
    Polish-Jewish relations
    Opis:
    So far a very simplified picture of the transformation of the identity of Jews of West Prussia and Poznan land have functioned in the literature on the subject. The impulse to conduct the research on this issue became the publishing of the memories of Alfred Cohn, a typical German Jew, whose life and dramatic decisions show the complexity of the problem of identity and the sense of loyalty of the Jewish population of the territory of the Prussian partition. Alfred Cohn was close to recognizing himself as a German of the Jewish denomination. In 1920, without a shade of doubt, he decided to maintain loyalty to the German state and leave his family town Bydgoszcz, while in 1945 he decided the opposite. In order to clarify these contradictions, an analysis of the emancipation, acculturation and assimilation processes of the Jewish community of the territories of the Prussian partition of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century was conducted. Subsequently, the results of this analysis were compared with studies on the identity of German Jews living in the Second and Third Reich. At least until the 1880s, the Jews of Greater Poland, and West Prussia considered themselves representatives of a separate nation, despite the already advanced process of assimilating German culture, customs and language, and showing loyalty to the German state. The assimilation reached its greatest intensity at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to a strong integration of Jews with German society and the German state. This aggravated Polish-Jewish antagonism, especially in Greater Poland. After some of the lands of the former Prussian partition came under Polish rule, most Jews remained loyal to the German state, treating it as their homeland, and emigrated in the years 1918–1921 along with the majority of the German population. However, despite such decisions, despite the use of German as their mother tongue, and despite demonstrating German patriotism and the intense desire to blend in with German society, it is necessary to show great caution in the case of attempts to recognize the Jews of the Prussian partition only as a religious minority, although more than once they have defined themselves this way. In the Reich, Jews did not manage to merge with the German environment, either. They created their own Jewish-German cultural system. Their identity can be described as very specific, heterogeneous and shaped by contradictions and dilemmas. In the territories of the Prussian partition, the process of shaping the identity of German Jews was even more complicated as this community had to function also within the Polish society.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 3; 101-122
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Państwo bez narodu”? Kwestie tożsamościowe a zagrożenie suwerenności Austrii w latach 1918–1938
    “A State without a Nation?” Identity Issues and the Threat to Austrian Sovereignty, 1918–1938
    Autorzy:
    Alabrudzińska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/54875128.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Austria
    tożsamość narodowa
    naród austriacki
    zagrożenie suwerenności
    bezpieczeństwo państwa
    Anschluss
    polityka zagraniczna
    national identity
    Austrian nation
    threat to sovereignty
    state security
    foreign policy
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu kwestii tożsamości narodowej społeczeństwa Austrii na zagrożenie jej suwerenności w latach 1918–1938. Przeprowadzona została analiza koncepcji austriackich stronnictw politycznych oraz polityki zagranicznej Austrii w okresie międzywojennym w kontekście kształtowania austriackiej tożsamości narodowej. Austria miała większe od innych państw problemy ze swoją tożsamością. Nastąpiło tu opóźnienie w budowaniu nowoczesnego narodu.
    The article presents the influence of the question of the national identity of Austrian society on the threat to its sovereignty between 1918 and 1938. An analysis of the concepts of Austrian political parties and Austrian foreign policy in the interwar period is carried out in the context of the formation of Austrian national identity. Austria had more problems with its identity than other countries; its modern nation-building faced delays in developing its identity.
    Źródło:
    Dzieje Najnowsze; 2023, 55, 4; 5-16
    0419-8824
    2451-1323
    Pojawia się w:
    Dzieje Najnowsze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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