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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of the Emission of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Moulding Sands with Furfural Resin with the Low Content of Furfuryl Alcohol and Different Activators
    Autorzy:
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Grabowska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    moulding sand
    furfuryl resin
    aromatic hydrocarbons
    BTEX
    ochrona środowiska
    masa formierska
    żywica furfurylowa
    węglowodory aromatyczne
    Opis:
    No-bake process refers to the use of chemical binders to bond the moulding sand. Sand is moved to the mould fill station in preparation for filling of the mould. A mixer is used to blend the sand with the chemical binder and activator. As the sand exits the mixer, the binder begins the chemical process of hardening. This paper presents the results of decomposition of the moulding sands with modified urea-furfuryl resin (with the low content of furfuryl alcohol below 25 % and different activators: organic and inorganic) on a quartz matrix, under semi-industrial conditions. Investigations of the gases emission in the test foundry plant were executed according to the method extended in the Faculty of Foundry Engineering (AGH University of Science and Technology). Article presents the results of the emitted chosen aromatic hydrocarbons and loss on ignition compared with the different activators used to harden this resin. On the bases of the data, it is possible to determine the content of the emitted dangerous substances from the moulding sand according to the content of loss on ignition.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 187-190
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of Structural Changes in Starch- Aluminosilicate Binder and Molding Sand with its Participation after Physical Curing
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Grabowska, B.
    Cukrowicz, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    conventional heating
    microwave curing
    starch aluminosilicate binder
    FTIR
    hydrogen bonds
    ogrzewanie konwencjonalne
    utwardzanie mikrofalami
    spoiwo skrobiowo-glinokrzemianowe
    wiązania wodorowe
    Opis:
    The organo-inorganic commercial binder Albertine F/1 (Hüttenes-Albertus) constituting the starch-aluminosilicate mixture was directed to structural studies. The paper presents a detailed structural analysis of the binder before and after exposure to physical curing agents (microwaves, high temperature) based on the results of infrared spectroscopy studies (FTIR). An analysis of structural changes taking place in the binder system with the quartz matrix was also carried out. Based on the course of the obtained IR spectra, it was found that during the exposure on physical agents there are structural changes within the hydroxyl groups in the polymeric starch chains and silanol groups derived from aluminosilicate as well as in the quartz matrix (SiO2). The curing of the molding sand takes place due to the evaporation of the solvent water and the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cross-linking hydrogen bonds. Type and amount of hydrogen bonds presence in cured molding sand have an impact on selected properties of molding sand. Results indicates that for molding sand with Albertine F/1 during conventional heating a more extensive network of hydrogen bonds is created.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 138-143
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the Atmosphere on the Type of Evolved Gases from Phenolic Binders
    Autorzy:
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Grabowska, B.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Cukrowicz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    resin
    emission
    atmosphere
    thermal analysis
    ochrona środowiska
    żywica
    emisja
    atmosfera
    analiza termiczna
    Opis:
    The problem of harmful casting resins has been present in foundries for many years. Manufacturers are introducing new products that contain in their composition environmentally and eco-friendly ingredients. Unfortunately, not all types of technology can be used, sometimes environmental benefits are disproportionate to the quality of castings and their price. In the foundry industry, the most popular binders are based on organic compounds (often carcinogenic) and other harmful substances. Due to strict legal regulations regarding environmental protection, as well as care for the foundry's workers' comfort - their occurrence should be reduce to a minimum. These compounds often behave also depending on the conditions of use (temperature, atmosphere). The application of various methods of thermal analysis and spectroscopic methods allows to verify the mechanism of resin decomposition process in relation to conditions in the form in both inert and oxidizing atmosphere. For analysis the resins from cold-box technology, were used TG–DTG–DSC, Py-GC/MS methods and specified the course of changes occurring in combination of different atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 1; 31-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of Thermal Degradation of Starch-Based Binder by TG-DTG-DSC, Py-GC/MS and DRIFTS
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Grabowska, B.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Cukrowicz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379964.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    foundry binders
    starch-based binder
    thermal analysis
    thermal decomposition
    spoiwa odlewnicze
    analiza termiczna
    rozkład termiczny
    Opis:
    This paper focuses on the thermal behavior of the starch-based binder (Albertine F/1 by Hüttenes-Albertus) used in foundry technology of molding sand. The analysis of the course of decomposition of the starch material under controlled heating in the temperature range of 25- 1100°C was conducted. Thermal analysis methods (TG-DTG-DSC), pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py- GC/MS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT) were used. The application of various methods of thermal analysis and spectroscopic methods allows to verify the binder decomposition process in relation to conditions in the form in both inert and oxidizing atmosphere. It was confirmed that the binder decomposition is a complex multistage process. The identification of CO2 formation at set temperature range indicated the progressive process of decomposition. A qualitative evaluation of pyrolysis products was carried out and the course of structural changes occurring in the presence of oxygen was determined based on thermo-analytical investigations the temperature of the beginning of binder degradation in set condition was determined. It was noticed that, significant intensification of Albertine F/1 sample decomposition with formation of more degradation products took place at temperatures above 550ºC. Aromatic hydrocarbons were identified at 1100ºC.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 21-26
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on the Gases Emission under High Temperature Condition from Moulding Sands Bonded by Modified Starch CMS-Na
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Grabowska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative moulding material
    sodium carboxymethyl starch
    gas emission
    BTEX
    materiały formierskie
    skrobia modyfikowana
    emisja gazów
    Opis:
    Emission of gases under high temperature after pouring molten metal into moulds, which contain the organic binder or other additives (solvents or curing agent), may be an important factor influencing both on the quality of the produced castings, and on the state of environment. Therefore, a comprehensive studies of the emitted gases would allow to determine restrictions on the use of the moulding sands in foundry technologies, eg. the probability of occurrence of casting defects, and identify the gaseous pollutants emitted to the environment. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to determine the amount of gases that are released at high temperatures from moulding sands bonded by biopolymer binder and the quantitative assessment of the emitted pollutants with particular emphasis on chemical compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). The water-soluble modified potato starch as a sodium carboxymethyl starch with low (CMS-NaL) or high (CMS-NaH) degree of substitution was a binder in the tested moulding sands. A tests of gases emission level were conducted according to the procedure developed at the Faculty of Foundry Engineering (AGH University of Science and Technology) involving gas chromatography method (GC). The obtained results of the determination of amount of BTEX compounds generated during the decomposition process of starch binders showed lower emission of aromatic hydrocarbons in comparison with binder based on resin Kaltharz U404 with the acidic curing agent commonly used in the foundries.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 79-82
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polymer Binder BioCo3 with Silicates and its Application to Microwave-Cured Moulding Sand
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Drożyński, D.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Cukrowicz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382290.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    polymer binder
    silica additive
    cross-link
    microwave radiation
    moulding sand
    spoiwo polimerowe
    dwutlenek krzemu
    sieciowanie
    promieniowanie mikrofalowe
    masa formierska
    Opis:
    The effects of silica additive (Poraver) on selected properties of BioCo3 binder in form of an aqueous poly(sodium acrylate) and dextrin (PAANa/D) binder were determined. Based on the results of the thermoanalytical studies (TG-DTG, FTIR, Py-GC/MS), it was found that the silica additive results in the increase of the thermostability of the BioCo3 binder and its contribution does not affect the increase in the level of emissions of organic destruction products. Compounds from group of aromatic hydrocarbons are only generated in the third set temperature range (420-838°C). The addition of silicate into the moulding sand with BioCo3 causes also the formation of a hydrogen bonds network with its share in the microwave radiation field and they are mainly responsible for maintaining the cross-linked structures in the mineral matrix system. As a consequence, the microwave curing process in the presence of Poraver leads to improved strength properties of the moulding sand […]. The addition of Poraver's silica to moulding sand did not alter the permeability of the moulding sand samples, and consequently reduced their friability. Microstructure investigations (SEM) of microwave-cured samples have confirmed that heterogeneous sand grains are bonded to one another through a binder film (bridges).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 51-60
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Physico-Chemical and Environmental Characterisation of the Dust from Dry Dedusting of the Green Sand
    Autorzy:
    Bobrowski, A.
    Grabowska, B.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kurleto-Kozioł, Ż
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    dust
    dedusting
    physico-chemical investigations
    heavy metals
    emission of gases
    zapylenie
    odpylanie
    badania fizykochemiczne
    metale ciężkie
    emisja gazów
    Opis:
    The article presents research results of physico-chemical and environmental issues for the dust generated during dedusting of the installation for the processing and preparation of moulding sand with bentonite. Particular attention was paid to the content of heavy metals and emission of gases from the BTEX group, which is one of the determinants of the moulding sands harmfulness for the environment. The analysis of heavy metals in the test samples indicate that there is an increase of the content of all metals in the dust compared to the initial mixture of bentonite. The most significant (almost double) increase observed for zinc is probably related to the adsorption of this element on the dust surface by contact with the liquid metal. The study showed, that dust contained more than 20% of the amount of montmorillonite and had a loss on ignition at a similar level. The addition of 1% of dust to the used moulding sand results in almost 30% increase in the total volume of gases generated in casting processes and nearly 30% increase of the benzene emission.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 33-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TG/DTG/DTA, FTIR and GC/MS Studies of Oil Sand for Artistic and Precision Foundry with the Emission of Gases Assessment
    Autorzy:
    Bobrowski, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Drożyński, D.
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    molding sand
    thermal analysis
    emission of gases
    FTIR
    GC/MS
    masa formierska
    analiza termiczna
    emisja gazowa
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of thermoanalytical studies by TG/DTG/DTA, FTIR and GC/MS for the oil sand used in art and precision foundry. On the basis of course of DTG and DTA curves the characteristic temperature points for thermal effects accompanying the thermal decomposition reactions were determined. This results were linked with structural changes occurred in sample. It has been shown that the highest weight loss of the sample at temperatures of about 320°C is associated with destruction of C-H bonds (FTIR). In addition, a large volume of gases and high amounts of compounds from the BTEX group are generated when liquid metal interacts with oil sand. The results show, that compared to other molding sands used in foundry, this material is characterized by the highest gaseous emissions and the highest harmfulness, because benzene emissions per kilogram of oil sand are more than 7 times higher than molding sand with furan and phenolic binders and green sand with bentonite and lustrous carbon carrier.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 25-30
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies on the Gases Emission of Moulding and Core Sands with an Inorganic Binder Containing a Relaxation Additive
    Autorzy:
    Bobrowski, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Drożyński, D.
    Grabowska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379837.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    moulding sand
    aluminosilicates
    geopolymer
    inorganic binder
    gases emission
    piasek formierski
    glinokrzemiany
    geopolimer
    spoiwo nieorganiczne
    emisja gazów
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of an investigation of the gases emission of moulding sands with an inorganic (geopolymer) binder with a relaxation additive, whose main task is to reduce the final (residual) strength and improves knocking-out properties of moulding sand. The moulding sand without a relaxation additive was the reference point. The research was carried out using in accordance with the procedure developed at the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of AGH - University of Science and Technology, on the patented stand for determining gas emissions. Quantification of BTEX compounds was performed involving gas chromatography method (GC).The study showed that the introduction of relaxation additive has no negative impact on gas emissions - both in terms of the total amount of gases generated, as well as emissions of BTEX compounds. Among the BTEX compounds, only benzene is emitted from the tested moulding sands. Its emission is associated with the introduction a small amount of an organic hardener from the group of esters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 19-25
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Silicate Modifier on the Emission of Harmful Compounds from Phenolic Resin used in Cold-Box Technology
    Autorzy:
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Drożyński, D.
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380640.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    aromatic hydrocarbons
    phenolic resin
    emission
    Cold-Box technology
    ochrona środowiska
    węglowodory aromatyczne
    żywica fenolowa
    emisja
    technologia Cold-Box
    Opis:
    In many foundries, the requirements placed on castings production have risen mainly over the few years. Further trends in recent years have been the ever increasing level of automation and introduction of new alloys, especially composites. On the other hand, the foundry environment has become increasingly difficult because is used many organic binders. Environmental regulations will be further tightened up. These processes are pursued at national, European and global level. Conformity with emission limits is becoming increasingly difficult. The problem is emission of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, odours and other harmful compounds to environment. The main purpose of many companies is reduction of this toxins. The new cold-box systems (based on phenolic resins) try to reduce the emission by introducing into the resin structure silicate modifiers. Research presented of this article evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. The results show comparison of two resins ("without" and "with" silicate modifier) for assessment of emission of harmful aromatic hydrocarbons and phenol.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 151-156
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Carbon Fibers Addition on Selected Properties of Microwave-Cured Moulding Sand Bonded with BioCo2 Binder
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Cukrowicz, S.
    Drożyński, D.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Gawluk, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381465.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    carbon fiber
    polymer binder
    thermostability
    moulding sand
    włókno węglowe
    spoiwo polimerowe
    termostabilność
    piasek formierski
    Opis:
    It was found that the addition of carbon fibers (CFs) does not affect the crosslinking process in the microwave radiation (800 W, 2.45 GHz) of the BioCo2 binder, which is a water solution of poly(acrylic acid) and dextrin (PAA/D). It has influence on BioCo2 thermal properties. The CFs addition improves the thermostability of a binder and leads to the reduction of gas products quantity generated in the temperature range of 300-1100°C (TG-DTG, Py-GC/MS). Moreover, it causes the emission of harmful decomposition products such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene to be registered in a higher temperatures (above 700°C). BioCo2 binder without CFs addition is characterized by the emission of these substances in the lower temperature range. This indicates the positive effect of carbon fibers presence on the amount of released harmful products. The selected technological tests (permeability, friability, bending strength, tensile strength) have shown that the moulding sand with the 0.3 parts by weight carbon fibers addition displays the worst properties. The addition of 0.1 parts by weight of CFs is sufficient to obtain a beneficial effect on the analyzed moulding sands properties. The reduction of harmful substances at the higher temperatures can also be observed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 152-160
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TG-DTG-DSC, FTIR, DRIFT, and Py-GC-MS Studies of Thermal Decomposition for Poly(sodium acrylate)/Dextrin (PAANa/D) – New Binder BioCo3
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kurleto-Kozioł, Ż.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106999.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    polymer binders
    foundry sands
    thermal analysis
    TG-DTG-DSC
    FTIR
    Py-GC-MS
    thermal degradation
    Opis:
    TG-DTG-DSC, FTIR, DRIFT, and Py-GC-MS studies have been conducted to determine the effect of the thermal decomposition conditions and structure of foundry binder BioCo3 in the form of a composition poly(sodium acrylate)/dextrin (PAANa/D) on the progress of degradation in terms of processes occurring in foundry sands in contact with liquid metal. TG-DTG-DSC curves of the composition allowed us to determine the temperature range in which they do not undergo degradation, by which they do not lose their binding properties. With temperature increasing, physical and chemical changes occur that are related to the evaporation of solvent water (20–110°C), followed by the release of constitution water, and finally intermolecular dehydration (110–230°C). In this temperature range, processes that are mainly reversible take place. Within a temperature range of 450–826°C, polymer chains are decomposed, including the decomposition of side chains. Within a temperature range of 399–663°C, polymer composition decomposition can be observed (FTIR, DRIFT), and gas products are generated from this destruction (Py-GC-MS).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering; 2017, 1, 1; 27-32
    2543-9901
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the compounds from the BTEX group, emitted during thermal decomposition of alkyd resin
    Autorzy:
    Kubecki, M.
    Holtzer, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Grabowska, B.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    masa formierska
    wiązanie
    BTEX
    analiza termiczna
    GC-MS
    moulding sand
    binding
    thermal analysis
    Opis:
    Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea-furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released. The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX group. An emission of these components constitutes one of the basic criteria of the harmfulness assessment of binders applied for moulding and core sands. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 5000C - 13000C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. Within investigations the minimal amount of adsorbent necessary for the adsorption of compounds released during the decomposition of the resin sample of a mass app. 15 mg was selected. Also the minimal amount of solvent needed for the desorption of compounds adsorbed in the column with adsorbent was found. The temperature range, in which the maximal amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylenes are released from the resin, was defined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds from the BTEX group were performed by means of the gas chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 3; 69-74
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zdolność wymiany jonowej (CEC) attapulgitu - glinokrzemianu z grupy pałygorskitów
    The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of Attapulgite – the Aluminosilicate of Palygorskites Group
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, B.
    Kaczmarska, K.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Kurleto, Ż.
    Mrówka, N.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380797.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    glinokrzemian
    pałygorskit
    attapulgit
    wymiana jonowa
    masa klasyczna
    aluminosilicate
    palygorskite
    attapulgite
    ion exchange
    classics sandmixe
    Opis:
    Dane literaturowe wskazują, że istnieje możliwość prowadzenia modyfikacji glinokrzemianów na drodze fizycznej lub chemicznej. Zabieg ten prowadzi się głównie poprzez wymianę kationów w przestrzeni miedzypakietowej w celu poprawy właściwości adhezyjnych i termostabilnych minerałów. W pracy przeprowadzono charakterystykę termiczną i strukturalną attapulgitu (APT) pod kątem jego zdolności do wymiany jonowej (CEC). Stwierdzono, że attapulgit jako naturalny minerał wykazuje niską wartość CEC w zakresie temperatury 23-700 °C w porównaniu do stosowanego szeroko montmorylonitu aktywowanego jonami sodu (MMT-Na). Niska wartość CEC attapulgitu wynika z jego budowy krystalicznej, stąd przeprowadzenie modyfikacji chemicznej APT stanowi kolejny etap prac w tym obszarze.
    Literature data indicate that there is a possibility to carrying out the aluminosilicates modification by using a physical or chemical method. The modification process is mainly conducted by exchange of cations into space between layers of packet in purpose to improve the adhesiveness and thermostability of minerals. In this paper the thermal research and structural characteristic of the aluminimumsilicate from palygorskite group - attapulgite (APT) for determine its cation exchange capacity (CEC) were conducted. It was found that attapulgite as a natural mineral has low value of CEC in the temperature range 23-700 °C, compared to widely used montmorillonite activated by sodium ions (MMT-Na). Low values of CEC attapulgite is due to its crystalline structure, thus the conducting chemical modification APT is the next stage of work in this area.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4 spec.; 43-46
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza związków z grupy BTEX powstających podczas termicznego rozkładu żywicy alkidowej
    Analysis of the compounds from the BTEX group emitted during thermal decomposition of alkyd resin
    Autorzy:
    Kubecki, M.
    Holtzer, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Grabowska, B.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381040.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    masa formierska
    żywica syntetyczna
    związek BTEX
    rozkład termiczny
    chromatografia gazowa
    spektrometria masowa
    moulding sand
    synthetic resin
    BTEX compounds
    thermal decomposition
    gas chromatography
    mass spectrometry
    Opis:
    Przydatność danego spoiwa do sporządzania mas formierskich obejmuje z jednej strony ocenę właściwości technologicznych samej masy i wykonanej z niej formy i jakości otrzymanego odlewu, a z drugiej strony ocenę wpływu tej masy na środowisko naturalne i środowisko pracy. Z pośród mas stosowanych w przemyśle odlewniczym na szczególną uwagę zasługują masy ze spoiwami organicznymi. Spoiwa te oparte są na żywicach syntetycznych, które z jednej strony zapewniają uzyskanie przez masę odpowiednich właściwości technologicznych i otrzymanie dobrych odlewów, ale z drugiej negatywnie oddziałują na środowisko. O ile w stanie wyjściowym żywice te tylko w niewielkim stopniu stanowią zagrożenie zarówno dla ludzi jak i środowiska, to pod wpływem temperatury generują bardzo szkodliwe produkty, będące wynikiem ich termicznego rozkładu. W zależności od rodzaju stosowanej żywicy (fenolowo-formaldehydowej, mocznikowej, furfurylowej, furfurylowo–mocznikowej, alkidowej) pod wpływem temperatury mogą tworzyć się i uwalniać takie związki jak: alkohol furfurylowy, formaldehyd, fenol, związki z grupy BTEX (benzen, toluen, etylobenzen, ksyleny), a także wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA). [...]
    Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea–furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released. [...]
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1s; 119-124
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15

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