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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the Hardener on the Emission of Harmful Substances from Moulding Sands with Furan Resin in the Pyrolysis Process
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Kmita, A.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380824.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    furan resin
    mould sand
    emission of gases
    pyrolisis
    BTEX
    PAH
    żywica furanowa
    masa formierska
    emisja gazów
    piroliza
    Opis:
    The furan resin offers advantages such as high intensity, low viscosity, good humidity resistance and is suitable for cast different casting alloys: steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metal casting. For hardening furan resins are used different hardeners (acid catalysts). The acid catalysts have significant effects on the properties of the cured binder (e,g. binding strength and thermal stability) [1 - 3]. Investigations of the gases emission in the test foundry plant were performed according to the original method developed in the Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH UST. The analysis is carried out by the gas chromatography method with the application of the flame-ionising detector (FID) (TRACE GC Ultra THERMO SCIENTIFIC).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 1; 107-111
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Influence of Reclaim Addition on the Emission of PAHs and BTEX from Moulding Sands with Furfuryl Resin with the Average Amount of Furfuryl Alcohol
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Kmita, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    foundry
    moulding sands
    BTEX
    PAHs
    reclaim
    ochrona środowiska
    odlewnia
    masa formierska
    odzysk
    Opis:
    In this paper, the results of decomposition of the moulding sand with furan-formaldehyde resin (with middle content of furfuryl alcohol about 50 %) also on a quartz matrix and with additions of a reclaimed material, under industrial conditions, are presented. Investigations of the gases emission in the test foundry plant were performed according to the original method developed in the Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH UST. The dependence of the emitted PAHs and BTEX group substances and ignition losses on the reclaim fraction in a moulding sand are of a linear character of a very high correlation coefficient R2. On the bases of the derived equations, it is possible to determine the amount of the emitted hazardous substances from the moulding sand containing the known fraction of the reclaim.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 37-42
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the Reclaim Addition to the Moulding Sand Matrix Obtained in the ALPHASET Technology on the Emission of Gases - Comparison with Moulding Sand with Furfuryl Resin
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Kmita, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379528.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovatory materials
    ecology
    modern technologies
    innowacyjne materiały
    nowoczesne technologie
    ekologia
    Opis:
    This study focuses on the ALPHASET process of mould making (Ester-Cured Alkaline Phenolic No-Bake). The cross – linking of alkaline phenolic resole resin by adding at least one kind of organic esters is the secondary popular system (after the technology of molding sands with furfuryl resins) with the advantages including low odour, virtually no smoke, easy to stripping, good finishing, low veining, minimal erosion, and very good hot strength. The phenolic resoles used in the system are prepared typically by reacting 30-55% formaldehyde solution with less phenol using a strong alkali catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide at the temperatures of below 110oC (pH > 7). After removing parts of water this yields a thermal set phenolic resin solution with solid content 50-70%. In order to significantly increase strength and to improve the moisture and humidity resistance of sand mould, it is necessary to mix a little silence solution addition with resin binder (about 0.1 – 0.3% based on the amount of resin binder).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1 spec.; 121-125
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of Harmfulness of Phenolic Resins Hardened by CO2 in an Aspect of Emission of Substances from BTEX and PAH Groups
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Kmita, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    phenolic resin
    BTEX
    PAH
    foundry
    ochrona środowiska
    żywica fenolowa
    odlewnia
    Opis:
    Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene, xylenes), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1 spec.; 39-43
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elution of mixed moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder and core sands with the phenolic resin
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Dańko, R.
    Kmita, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    phenolic resin
    moulding sand
    core sand
    BTEX
    PAHs
    ochrona środowiska
    żywica fenolowa
    masa formierska
    masa rdzeniowa
    Opis:
    Out of moulding and core sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. Depending on the kind of the applied resin under an influence of a temperature such compounds as for example BTEX group and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released. During storing or economic utilization of used sand is possibility of eluting harmful substances into the environment. Therefore at assessing an influence of the used sand on the environment two above elements should be taken into consideration. Only such investigations provide the complete assessment of the given sand harmfulness.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 4; 53-56
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Harmfulness Assessment of Moulding Sands with a Geopolymer Binder and a New Hardener, in An Aspect of the Emission of Substances from the Btex Group
    Ocena szkodliwości masy formierskiej ze spoiwem geopolimerowym i nowym utwardzaczem w aspekcie emisji związków z grupy BTEX
    Autorzy:
    Bobrowski, A.
    Holtzer, M.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Dańko, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    moulding sands
    binder
    geopolymers
    gasses emission
    BTEX
    piaski formierskie
    spoiwo
    geopolimery
    emisja gazów
    Opis:
    The harmfulness assessment of moulding sands with a geopolymer binder and a new hardener, in an aspect of the emission of substances from the BTEX group, was performed. Within the expedience project the new series of hardeners for the inorganic GEOPOL binder was developed. Before the introduction of the new system of moulding sands it was necessary to estimate their influence on the environment. To this aim the gasses emission from moulding sands subjected to the influence of liquid cast iron was tested with regard to the content of the gases from the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes). For the comparison the analogous investigations of the up to now applied moulding sands with the geopolymer binder, were performed. It was found that both systems of moulding sands binding emit similar amounts of gases, as well as similar amounts of substances from the BTEX group. Moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder are much more environmentally friendly than moulding sands with organic binders. The content of the BTEX group substances in gases emitted from moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder was approximately 10-times lower than in case of the moulding sands with organic binders.
    W ramach projektu celowego opracowano nową serię utwardzaczy dla spoiwa nieorganicznego Geopol. Przed wprowadzeniem nowego systemu mas formierskich konieczne było określenie ich wpływu na środowisko. W tym celu przeprowadzono badania emisji gazów z mas poddanych oddziaływaniu ciekłego żeliwa pod kątem zawartości w tych gazach związków z grupy BTEX (benzen, toluen, etylobenzen i ksyleny). Dla porównania przeprowadzono analogiczne badania dotychczas stosowanego systemu wiązania masy ze spoiwem geopolimerowym. Stwierdzono, ze obydwa systemy wiązania mas formierskich emitują zbliżone ilości gazów, jak również związków z grupy BTEX. W porównaniu do mas ze spoiwami organicznymi można uznać, że masy ze spoiwem GEOPOL są wysoce przyjazne dla środowiska. Zawartość związków z grupy BTEX w gazach emitowanych z mas ze spoiwem GEOPOL była około 10-krotnie mniejsza niż w przypadku mas ze spoiwami organicznymi.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2015, 60, 1; 341-344
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of a liquid metal temperature on a thermal decomposition of a phenolic resin
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kolczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382247.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    phenolic resin
    BTEX compounds
    alluminium
    foundry
    ochrona środowiska
    żywica fenolowa
    związki typu BTEX
    aluminium
    odlewnictwo
    Opis:
    Due to the presence of harmful substances in resins those mould sands may be hazardous to the natural environment and workers. The general assessment of harmfulness of sands used for molds and cores encompasses 2 basic points: emission of hazardous substances during processes of preparing sands, pouring mold with liquid metals (high temperatures), cooling and shaking-out; possibility of washing out hazardous substances from used sands to the environment, during storage or economic use outside foundries. We present the results of research on the emission of BTEX compounds from mould sands with phenolic resins during pouring liquid metal of different temperature (cast iron and Al alloy). The research was conducted according to the original method prepared by the authors, which has been used for years in cooperation with various foundries (Poland, abroad).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 2; 35-38
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of the Harmfulness of Moulding Sands with Alkyd Resin Subjected to the High Temperature Influence
    Autorzy:
    Holtzer, M.
    Dańko, R.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Kubecki, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354778.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    moulding sand
    binding
    BTEX
    thermal analysis
    GC/MS
    Opis:
    Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. These resins in their initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin, under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released. The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX and PAHs group. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 500 – 1 300°C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds were performed by means of the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2171-2176
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the compounds from the BTEX group, emitted during thermal decomposition of alkyd resin
    Autorzy:
    Kubecki, M.
    Holtzer, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Grabowska, B.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    masa formierska
    wiązanie
    BTEX
    analiza termiczna
    GC-MS
    moulding sand
    binding
    thermal analysis
    Opis:
    Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea-furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released. The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX group. An emission of these components constitutes one of the basic criteria of the harmfulness assessment of binders applied for moulding and core sands. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 5000C - 13000C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. Within investigations the minimal amount of adsorbent necessary for the adsorption of compounds released during the decomposition of the resin sample of a mass app. 15 mg was selected. Also the minimal amount of solvent needed for the desorption of compounds adsorbed in the column with adsorbent was found. The temperature range, in which the maximal amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylenes are released from the resin, was defined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds from the BTEX group were performed by means of the gas chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 3; 69-74
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza związków z grupy BTEX powstających podczas termicznego rozkładu żywicy alkidowej
    Analysis of the compounds from the BTEX group emitted during thermal decomposition of alkyd resin
    Autorzy:
    Kubecki, M.
    Holtzer, M.
    Bobrowski, A.
    Dańko, R.
    Grabowska, B.
    Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381040.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    masa formierska
    żywica syntetyczna
    związek BTEX
    rozkład termiczny
    chromatografia gazowa
    spektrometria masowa
    moulding sand
    synthetic resin
    BTEX compounds
    thermal decomposition
    gas chromatography
    mass spectrometry
    Opis:
    Przydatność danego spoiwa do sporządzania mas formierskich obejmuje z jednej strony ocenę właściwości technologicznych samej masy i wykonanej z niej formy i jakości otrzymanego odlewu, a z drugiej strony ocenę wpływu tej masy na środowisko naturalne i środowisko pracy. Z pośród mas stosowanych w przemyśle odlewniczym na szczególną uwagę zasługują masy ze spoiwami organicznymi. Spoiwa te oparte są na żywicach syntetycznych, które z jednej strony zapewniają uzyskanie przez masę odpowiednich właściwości technologicznych i otrzymanie dobrych odlewów, ale z drugiej negatywnie oddziałują na środowisko. O ile w stanie wyjściowym żywice te tylko w niewielkim stopniu stanowią zagrożenie zarówno dla ludzi jak i środowiska, to pod wpływem temperatury generują bardzo szkodliwe produkty, będące wynikiem ich termicznego rozkładu. W zależności od rodzaju stosowanej żywicy (fenolowo-formaldehydowej, mocznikowej, furfurylowej, furfurylowo–mocznikowej, alkidowej) pod wpływem temperatury mogą tworzyć się i uwalniać takie związki jak: alkohol furfurylowy, formaldehyd, fenol, związki z grupy BTEX (benzen, toluen, etylobenzen, ksyleny), a także wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA). [...]
    Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea–furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released. [...]
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1s; 119-124
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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