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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Tendencje zmian występowania przymrozków przygruntowych w rejonie Bydgoszczy
    Trends in the occurrence of ground frosts in the region of Bydgoszcz
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, S.
    Żarski, J.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338232.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    data wystąpienia przymrozku
    okres bezprzymrozkowy
    przymrozek przygruntowy
    tendencje zmian
    ground frost
    date of frost occurrence
    frost-free period
    trends in occurrence
    Opis:
    Celem pracy była ocena kierunku, zakresu i stopnia istotności zmian wskaźników, charakteryzujących występowanie przygruntowych przymrozków w latach 1971-2005 w rejonie Bydgoszczy. W hipotezie badawczej założono, że w związku z obserwowanymi zmianami klimatycznymi, w rejonie Bydgoszczy zmienia się klimatyczne ryzyko uprawy roślin, w tym także częstość i terminy występowania przymrozków. Stwierdzono między innymi, że liczba dni z przymrozkami w badanym 35-leciu istotnie zmniejszała się w okresie wiosennym. Coraz wcześniej również zanikały umiarkowane przymrozki wiosenne. Zaobserwowano też tendencję coraz późniejszego pojawiania się przymrozków jesiennych, w konsekwencji czego - wydłużania okresu bezprzymrozkowego.
    The aim of this study was to assess the direction, range and significance of changes in the indices characterising the occurrence of ground frost in the years 1971-2005 in the region of Bydgoszcz. Research hypothesis was that due to climate change observed also in the Bydgoszcz region, the climatic risk to plant crops may change as well, including the frequency and timing of frost occurrence. It was found that the number of days with ground frost in the analysed 35-year period significantly decreased in the spring time. Moreover, moderate spring frosts disappeared earlier. Autumn frosts tended to appear later and as a consequence there was a tendency to prolongation of the frost-free period.
    Źródło:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2012, 12, 2; 93-106
    1642-8145
    Pojawia się w:
    Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna susz w regionie Pomorza i Kujaw w okresie wzmożonych potrzeb wodnych kukurydzy
    Spatial and temporal variability of droughts in the region of Pomorze and Kujawy during the period of high water needs of corn
    Autorzy:
    Żarski, J.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Dudek, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101460.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    susza meteorologiczna
    susza rolnicza
    wskaźnik SPI
    opady atmosferyczne
    kukurydza
    meteorological drought
    agricultural drought
    SPI
    atmospheric precipitation
    corn
    Opis:
    Podstawowym celem pracy, wykonanej w ramach strategii badawczej dotyczącej aktualnie zachodzących zmian klimatu regionalnego Pomorza i Kujaw było zaprzeczenie hipotezie o zwiększającej się częstości i intensywności występowania susz w okresie wzmożonych potrzeb wodnych kukurydzy, obejmującym miesiące czerwiec i lipiec, w latach 1981-2010. Praca miała także na celu potwierdzenie istotnej zależności między wskaźnikami charakteryzującymi suszę meteorologiczną i rolniczą. Materiał do badań stanowiły dane z pięciu meteorologicznych punktów pomiarowych zlokalizowanych w regionie. Zastosowano metody statystyczne stosowane w opracowaniach klimatologicznych, między innymi metodę trendów z zastosowaniem równań regresji liniowej. Średnie wieloletnie 1981-2010 wysokości opadów w okresie wzmożonych potrzeb wodnych kukurydzy (VI-VII) w miejscowościach regionu Pomorza i Kujaw cechowała zmienność przestrzenna wynosząca 22,6%. Częstość występowania susz meteorologicznych w okresie czerwca i lipca wyniosła 26,7-33,3%. Nie stwierdzono istotnych zmian częstości i intensywności występowania tych susz wraz upływem lat od 1981 do 2010. Produkcja kukurydzy w regionie Pomorza i Kujaw jest prowadzona w warunkach częstego występowania niedoborów opadów atmosferycznych w okresie wzmożonych potrzeb wodnych, które maksymalnie wynoszą od -91 do -124 mm, w zależności od miejscowości. Niedobory te nie wykazały istotnych, ukierunkowanych zmian w latach 1981-2010.
    The objective of the work, carried out as part of research programme on current change of the regional climate, was to confirm the hypothesis about the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts occurring during the high water needs of corn, during the period of June and July, in the region of Pomorze and Kujawy in the years 1981-2010. Furthermore, the aim was to confirm a significant relationship between indicators characterizing meteorological and agricultural droughts. Material for the research was data from five meteorological measuring points located in the region. Statistical methods used in climatological studies were applied, particularly the method of trends. The average multi-annual totals (1981-2010) of rainfall in the period of high water needs of corn (June-July) in the region of the Pomorze and Kujawy were characterized by spatial variability amounts to 22.6%. The frequency of meteorological drought in June through July is 26.7-33.3%. In the analyzed period there were no significant changes in the frequency and intensity of these droughts with the passage of years. Rainfall shortages in corn production extend to maximum of - 91 to - 124 mm, depended on the locality. The shortages did not show any significant changes in the years of the study.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, II/1; 407-419
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trends of changes in climate risk of grain maize cultivation in the Bydgoszcz region
    Autorzy:
    Żarski, J.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Dudek, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101502.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    grain
    maize
    climate risk
    heat shortages
    frosts
    droughts
    Bydgoszcz region
    Opis:
    This paper analysed the direction and the degree of significance of changes in selected indicators of climate risk for grain maize in the long-term period of 1985-2014 for the Bydgoszcz region. On the basis of meteorological data originating from the Research Station of the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology in Mochełek, the following unfavourable weather factors for maize cultivation were determined: a shortened period of plant active growth, the occurrence of late spring ground frosts, meteorological droughts and agricultural droughts. On the basis of the research conducted, a high temporal variability was found for weather conditions that are unfavourable for maize cultivation, as such conditions occurred with varied frequency, depending on the type of the adverse factor and the assumed criterion for its determination. No significant trends were found regarding the changes in the examined climate risk indicators for production of maize grain over the period between 1985 and 2014, apart from an increase in the number of moderate and strong late spring frosts. The research demonstrated an increase in temporal variability of the length of the plant active growth period and the occurrence of moderate and strong late spring frosts, as well as a clear decrease in temporal variability of maize water supply in 2000-2014 as compared to the previous 15-year period of 1984-1999.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, III/1; 725-735
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of agricultural droughts in the province of Kujawsko-Pomorskie and possibilities of minimizing their impact
    Autorzy:
    Żarski, J.
    Dudek, S.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Żarski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    agricultural drought
    Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province
    irrigation
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was an evaluation of the frequency and intensity of agricultural droughts and their effects in the province of Kujawsko-Pomorskie as well as to indicate ways of increasing productivity in such drought periods by applying irrigation. It was found that the drought periods around Bydgoszcz occurred in 17 vegetation seasons out of 30 analysed. They were differentiated by intensity and duration but were also characterized by high irregularity of their occurrence. In the past 30-year period, droughts were especially intensified in the years 1989-1995. In the years 2001-2005 droughts were rare (36%), as compared with the previous 15-year period of 1986-2000 (64%). Crop production of some selected agricultural cultivations in the province of Kujawsko-Pomorskie depended to a large extent on the degree of precipitation shortages in the periods of intensified water demand. The best correlations and determination coefficients exceeding 80% concerned maize cultivations. The occurrence of droughts, expressed by the degree of atmospheric precipitation shortages in June and July, led to a decrease in grain crops in the province by 13%, on average. In the extremely dry year of 2006, a decrease by 27%, in relation to average crops, was observed. Active methods of minimizing effects of agricultural droughts are connected mainly with the development of irrigation systems. In the experiments conducted in the years 2006-2016, it was shown that the application of irrigation of barley and maize in the drought periods not only prevented 40-45% decrease in crops but also provided higher cropping level (by 33-40%) than the one obtained on average without irrigation.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, II/2; 813-824
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the quality of malt and wort from barley grains
    Autorzy:
    Błażewicz, J.
    Żarski, J.
    Dudek, S.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101297.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    malting barley
    sprinkler irrigation
    nitrogen fertilization
    malt
    wort
    simplified mashing efficiency
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on some selected features of the quality of malt and wort from ‘Marthe’ and ‘Mauritia’ malting barley grains. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2010-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. As a result of 3-year field experiment and laboratory test of grain, malt and wort, it was found that introducing sprinkler irrigation into the production process of malting barley is a step justified by the obtained quality effects. It was found that in the case of irrigated malting barley cultivations nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 30 kg·ha-1 provides (in relation to control, non-irrigated treatment) the highest values of such parameters as weight of the technical barley crops, content of protein, extractivity of Pilsen type malt, amount of obtained wort and simplified mashing efficiency. The combination of sprinkler irrigation of malting barley plants with their nitrogen fertilization at the increased rates of 60 and 90 kg·ha-1, resulted in the following effect – high mass of the usable grain of crops remained but their quality deteriorated. Malt produced from malting barley fertilized with nitrogen at the rates of 60 and 90 kg·ha-1, in spite of applied sprinkler irrigation, was characterized by unacceptable – from the technological point of view - increased content of protein in malt in the amount of over 11.5% d.m., as well as huge decrease in malt extractivity (even by 2%) and lower, simplified mashing efficiency (below 70%).
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/1; 1469-1481
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of economic efficiency of irrigation in corn for grain production in 2005-2016
    Autorzy:
    Kledzik, R.
    Kropkowski, M.
    Dudek, S.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Żarski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    drip irrigation
    sprinkler irrigation
    economic efficiency
    corn for grain
    drought categories
    Opis:
    To evaluate the economic efficiency of irrigation in corn cultivated for grain, production effects were used, which were obtained from studies conducted by researcher team from the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology at the Experiment Station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz in 2005-2016. The research covered the effect of irrigation on yielding of the crop. Economic efficiency calculations were made using the direct surplus increase calculation method. In each variant irrigation enhanced production effects. It was not always economically justified, however. The irrigation costs (for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems) per hectare were decreasing with an increase in acreage. Applying drip irrigation was economically unjustified in moist years and on average in the multi-year period. In the years with dry and average precipitation conditions the direct surplus was positive, except for irrigation of 1 ha. As for the sprinkler-irrigation system, a lack of economic efficiency was reported in moist years, whereas in dry and average years as well as on average in the multi-year period, except for 1 hectare acreage, corn sprinkler-irrigation was economically justified.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, II/1; 587-598
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on the yield and baking value of spring wheat grain
    Autorzy:
    Żarski, J.
    Dudek, S.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Knapowski, T.
    Kozera, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    sprinkler irrigation
    spring wheat
    nitrogen fertilisation
    baking value
    grain
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect and interaction of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on the grain yield and baking value of ‘Monsun’ spring wheat cultivar grown in light compacted soil. A field experiment was performed in 2013-2014 in an experimental field of the Department of Land Improvement and Agrometeorology, the UTP University of Science and Technology, at Mochełek, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. It was found that sprinkler irrigation significantly increased the spring wheat grain yield. The grain from sprinkler-irrigated stands demonstrated greater plumpness; it contained significantly less protein and gluten and showed a lower sedimentation value, as compared with the grain of non-sprinkler-irrigated plants. However, the protein yield produced under sprinkler irrigation conditions was on average 11% higher, compared to the control conditions. The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the spring wheat grain yield and quality corre¬spond to earlier findings. Similarly to other research reports, a regular yield increase and enhanced quality of baking features along with an increase in the nitrogen rate were identified. Considering the quantitative and baking features of the grain yield, it was found that the optima nitrogen fertilisation rate in ‘Monsun’ spring wheat, in both water variants, was 180 kg.ha-1 (pre-sowing 120 kg .ha-1 and top dressing 60 kg ha-1).
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, III/2; 1275-1284
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prognozowanie efektów nawadniania roślin na podstawie wybranych wskaźników suszy meteorologicznej i rolniczej
    Forecasting Effects of Plants Irrigation Based on SelectedMeteorological and Agricultural Drought Indices
    Autorzy:
    Żarski, J.
    Dudek, S.
    Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
    Rolbiecki, R.
    Rolbiecki, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819211.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    nawadnianie roślin
    prognozowanie
    vegetable crops
    plant irrigating
    Opis:
    In Poland, irrigation of plants cultivated in field has been not developed yet on a larger scale mainly due to unfavorable economic conditions and infrastructure. An increase of irrigated area is still prospective, and is a major standby of agricultural production. Factors accelerating the development of irrigation next to providing higher and stable yields of good quality are a need for competitiveness and modernity in farms as well as the projected climate changes. Main indicators of the purpose of irrigation are the effects of production; it means absolute increases in yields obtained under the influence of this treatment in agricultural production technology. Quantity and value of the effects of irrigation production can be analyzed in terms of the average (mean years) or in relation to a particular growing season. In the first case, the effects depend primarily on the criterion of the soil, and the secondly – on the meteorological conditions, particularly the amount and distribution of rainfall. The cognitive aim of this study was finding a significant correlation between the amounts of the production effects under irrigation and selected indicators of meteorological and agricultural drought during periods of increased water needs for tested plants. The utility goal was to propose a forecast method of application of these results based on a temporal and spatial variability of these indicators. The research was accomplished on the basis of long-term, field experiments with irrigation of following crops: table potatoes, malting barley, beans and corn harvested for grain. The experiments were conducted in the years 2006-2012 at the Research Station of University of Technology and Life Sciences in Mochełek, located nearby Bydgoszcz on Luvisols, grouped to the class IVa and very good rye complex of valuation on agricultural suitability. The tested crops were optimally irrigated in periods of agricultural droughts, and were guaranteed by moisture content in a layer of soil with a controlled water supply readily available to plants over the whole period of increased water needs. In the seven-year research period the production effects of irrigation for the certain crops were characterized by very high temporal variability. For example, for malting barley the effects amounted to an average of 1.44 t.ha-1, varying from 0 (in the year 2009) to 3.39 t.ha-1. These effects authors subordinate to selected indicators of meteorological and agricultural droughts during periods of increased water needs for the studied crops: rainfall (P), standardized precipitation index (SPI), the relative rate of precipitation (RPI), climatic water balance (KBW) and agricultural-climatic water balance (RKBW). In all cases, authors obtained significant relationships between the compared data which lead to a determination of variability of production effects with irrigation in the region of Bydgoszcz in different growing seasons (temporal variability), and allowed to predict the effects of irrigation plants in a distinct Polish rainfall zones (spatial variability). Compilation of the variability of production effects of irrigation in field crops is the basis for the analysis of the purpose of the treatment, both in terms of environmental criteria, as well as economic.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2185-2203
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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