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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Kolańczyk, Alina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430633.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    executive functions
    affect
    purposive activity
    working memory
    Opis:
    The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 29-42
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Capacity, Control, or Both – Which Aspects of Working Memory Contribute to Children’s General Fluid Intelligence?
    Autorzy:
    Nęcka, Edward
    Lulewicz, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430619.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    working memory
    intelligence
    n-back
    schoolchildren
    Opis:
    Starting from the assumption that working memory capacity is an important predictor of general fluid intelligence, we asked which aspects of working memory account for this relationship. Two theoretical stances are discussed. The first one posits that the important explanatory factor is storage capacity, roughly defined as the number of chunks possible to hold in the focus of attention. The second one claims that intelligence is explained by the efficiency of executive control, for instance, by prepotent response inhibition. We investigated 96 children at the age between 10 and 13. They completed a version of the n-back task that allows assessment of both storage capacity and inhibitory control. They also completed Raven’s Progressive Matrices as the fluid intelligence test and the Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production, for control purposes. We found that Raven’s scores correlated negatively with the number of unnecessary responses to irrelevant stimuli but they did not correlate with the number of signal detections. We conclude that children’s fluid intelligence depends on inhibitory control, with no relationship with storage capacity.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 21-28
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ERPS AS AN INDEX OF IMPAIRED COGNITIVE CONTROL IN AN ISCHEMIC BRAIN STROKE APHASIC PATIENT
    Autorzy:
    Cielebąk, Ksenia
    Grzywniak, Celestyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-01-15
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
    Tematy:
    ERPs
    attention
    working memory
    naming problem
    cognitive control
    Opis:
    Stroke is a sudden-onset neurological deficit resulting from focal vascular lesions. This is either due to a clot-induced obstruction of a vessel (ischemic stroke) or a rupture of a vessel causing haemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke). The appropriate diagnosis of brain stroke aphasic patients is a major public health problem one so important for effective rehabilitation. Here an important role is played by the diagnosis of impaired cognitive processes. The aim of the research was to find the index of impaired cognitive control with the use of ERPs in a patient following an ischemic stroke with aphasia. A male patient, aged 69, after an ischemic brain stroke experienced 4 months previously with resulting naming problem, was admitted to the Reintegrative and Teaching Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society. In the neuropsychological evaluation three neuropsychological tests were employed: (a) the Boston Naming Test-Polish version, to evaluate the naming and word finding problem; (b) the nonverbal Bell test to ascertain a selective, visuospatial and strategic attentional evaluation; (c) the Digit Memory test to evaluate working memory capabilities; (d) ERPs as a neurophysiological index of impaired cognitive control. Significant changes were observed in testing. All cognitive functions including naming, nonverbal, visuospatial and strategic attention, along with the digit memory deviate substantially from the norm. The patient obtained a lo wer score, compared to the norm (p <0.05). Boston Naming Test (patient = 21< Mean-Norm = 57.29; SD= 0.52). Bell test (patient = 23 < Mean-Norm = 31.29; SD= 2.52). Digit Memory Test scores: Forward digit span (patient = 3 < Mean-Norm = 7.65, SD = 0.49). Backward digit span (patient = 2
    Źródło:
    Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(1); 11-22
    1730-7503
    2084-4298
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neuropsychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS STUDIES OF PTSD AFTER INFECTION OF SARS-COV-2 AND NEUROCOVID-19
    Autorzy:
    Pąchalska, Maria
    Nowaczyk, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-08-31
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
    Tematy:
    traumatic event
    stress
    anxiety
    working memory
    cognitive control
    Opis:
    Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalisation is a potentially traumatic experience, especially in severe cases. Furthermore, the unprecedented context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with the daily media bombardment about COVID-19 mortality, may have amplified its life-threatening perception also in patients with moderate infection. The purpose of our study was twofold: 1) to evaluate QEEG/ERPs shows of PTSD associated with severe infection SARS-CoV-2, and neuroCOVID-19, 2) to construct a neurofeedback protocol based on these indices to support the psychotherapy of the case study described herein. Patient N.C. 49, a frontline healthcare worker in the emergency services (an ambulance driver), became ill with Covid-19 on November 14, 2020. Initially, he lost his sense of smell (anosmia), of taste (ageusia), and had latent blinks (heterophila), headaches, and dizziness. After 10 days of illness, the patient had additionally a dry cough and a shortness of breath and he was hospitalized, sedated and mechanically ventilated for 24 days. After a few months he was diagnosed with PTSD (according to the DSM- 5 criteria) and referred to the Reintegration and Training Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society for further diagnosis and treatment. It was found that the P3 GO and P3 NOGO waves were indeed less in his case (p < 0.01) when compared to the ERPs results of a health group of individuals of a similar age (n = 100), derived from the normative data bases of the Human Brain Index (HBI) in Switzerland. The ERPs wave pattern in our patient reflects the pattern appearing in patients with PTSD. The patient took part in 20 sessions of individually tailored anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), with the excitatory stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex and inhibitory stimulation of the right prefrontal cortex which can reduce anxiety, as was proposed in the subject literature. Also, the neuromarker of PTSD obtained with the use of QEEG/ERPs was helpful in choosing the appropriate tDCS protocol. Neurostimulation with the use of tDCS was administered systematically, every day, 15-20 and 30-40 minutes for each session, for 20 days. He also received individual sessions of psychotherapy every day, 30-40 minutes for each session, for 20 day. After the treatment the patient improved and returned to his previous job as a frontline healthcare worker in the emergency services (an ambulance driver) in the fight against COVID-19. Detection of the PTSD neuromarker enabled the development of a proper tDCS protocol and the conduct of effective brain neurostimulation of a patient with PTSD. The proposed protocol of treatment, in combination with goal-oriented individual psychotherapy, offered to the patient, was effective in the reduction of PTSD. ERPs can be useful in the diagnosis of PTSD as well as in selecting an appropriate therapy protocol for these patients.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(3); 347-360
    1730-7503
    2084-4298
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neuropsychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    EEG NEUROFEEDBACK IN THE TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS AFTER THE INFECTION OF SARS-COV-2 AND LONG COVID-19
    Autorzy:
    Łuckoś, Maria
    Cielebąk, Ksenia
    Kamiński, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-08-31
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
    Tematy:
    cognitive control
    stress
    anxiety
    working memory
    Opis:
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is likely to have long-term mental health effects on individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 can see a range of long-term side effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions in a patient after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the long long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19. The 48-year-old woman ZR, an accountant by profession, an employee of the administration of the Municipal Board of Municipal Resources, fell ill on October 13, 2020. The disease began with very severe burning headache, eyeballs pain, muscle aches. Ten days later more symptoms joined: loss of smell (anosmia) and loss of taste (ageusia), hearing disorders, shortness of breath and chest pains. The symptoms were associated with SARS-CoV-2 coron- avirus infection confirmed by an rt-PCR genetic test. Brain MRI with intravenous paramagnetic contrast medium injection did not show either lesions of acute microischemic significance or areas of pathological enhancement after paramagnetic contrast medium ad- ministration. The patient was treated at home. In mid-November 2020, about a month after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and con- tracting NeuroCOVID-19, neurocognitive impairment developed and after half a year she was deteriorating and not able to live in- dependently in society because of her condition. She called her problem "brain fog", and was referred for further diagnosis and therapy to the Reintegration and Training Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society. We diagnosed a range of long-term side effects and introduced neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions. It was found that almost all the long-term side effects were reduced in magnitude. The patient improved and she was able to return to work. EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training might be helpful in the reduction of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients following the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(3); 361-372
    1730-7503
    2084-4298
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neuropsychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stop walking when talking, czyli związek funkcji poznawczych z kontrolą chodu
    Stop walking when talking – a relationship between cognitive functions and gait control
    Autorzy:
    Rajtar-Zembaty, Anna
    Rajtar-Zembaty, Jakub
    Starowicz-Filip, Anna
    Skalska-Dulińska, Barbara
    Czechowicz, Iwona Kinga
    Skalska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030401.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Medical Communications
    Tematy:
    attention
    chód
    executive functions
    fall risk
    funkcje wykonawcze
    gait
    pamięć operacyjna
    ryzyko upadków
    uwaga
    working memory
    Opis:
    Nowadays, more and more scientific reports highlight the importance of cognitive skills in motor control. It is believed that movement also engages higher mental processes such as executive functions, attention and working memory. Executive functions include cognitive processes, such as the ability to initiate, plan, modify and control behaviour. They play an integrative role in the processing of information, including both cognitive and behavioural elements, necessary for goal-directed and effective action. Executive functions play a key role in the regulation of gait in the case of taking new steps or modifying previously learned motor programmes. Neuroimaging studies show that there is a common pattern of neural activity for walking, executive functions and attention, involving the frontal cortex and cortico-subcortical neuronal network. Many studies have shown that the impairment of executive functions may contribute to gait disturbances and increased risk of falls. Executive functions allow movement patterns to be modified, and enable the introduction of adaptive compensatory strategies in response to changing internal and external environmental stimuli. Studies with dual-task paradigm also stress the importance of attention in maintaining the control over gait. The addition of a cognitive task slows gait in the elderly. The incidence of falls is higher in subjects with dementia. The identification of cognitive risk factors of falls may allow more effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods to be developed. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between cognitive function, i.e. executive functions and attention, and the risk of falls.
    Współcześnie powstaje coraz więcej doniesień naukowych podkreślających znaczenie sprawności funkcji poznawczych w kontroli motorycznej. Uważa się, że chód angażuje także wyższe procesy psychiczne: funkcje wykonawcze, uwagę i pamięć operacyjną. Funkcje wykonawcze obejmują takie procesy poznawcze, jak zdolność do inicjowania, planowania, modyfikowania i kontroli zachowania. Pełnią integracyjną funkcję w przetwarzaniu informacji – obejmują elementy poznawcze i behawioralne niezbędne do skutecznego działania, zorientowanego na cel. Funkcje wykonawcze odgrywają kluczową rolę w regulacji chodu w przypadku podejmowania nowych czynności bądź modyfikowania uprzednio wyuczonych programów ruchowych. Jak dowodzą badania neuroobrazowe, dla chodu, funkcji wykonawczych i uwagi istnieje wspólny wzorzec aktywności neuronalnej, obejmujący korę czołową i jej korowo-podkorową sieć neuronalną. W wielu badaniach wykazano, że osłabienie funkcji wykonawczych może przyczyniać się do powstawania zaburzeń chodu i zwiększać ryzyko upadków. Funkcje wykonawcze umożliwiają modyfikowanie wzorców ruchowych, jak również wprowadzanie adaptacyjnych strategii kompensacyjnych w odpowiedzi na zmieniające się bodźce – pochodzące ze środowiska zarówno wewnętrznego, jak i zewnętrznego. Badania w paradygmacie podwójnego zadania podkreślają też znaczenie uwagi w utrzymaniu kontroli chodu. Dodanie zadania angażującego funkcje poznawcze przekłada się w grupie ludzi starszych na spowolnienie chodu. Częstość upadków jest wyższa u osób z otępieniem. Identyfikacja poznawczych czynników ryzyka upadków może pozwolić na opracowanie skuteczniejszych metod diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych. Celem niniejszej pracy jest próba wyjaśnienia mechanizmów relacji między funkcjami poznawczymi – funkcjami wykonawczymi i uwagą – a ryzykiem upadków.
    Źródło:
    Aktualności Neurologiczne; 2015, 15, 1; 22-27
    1641-9227
    2451-0696
    Pojawia się w:
    Aktualności Neurologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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