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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Experience of The Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human trafficking
    Autorzy:
    MALINOWSKA, IRENA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798726.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    crime
    organised crime
    victim
    offender
    Opis:
    Organised crime, including human traffi cking, is one of the most serious crimes against persons and violations of human rights. Human trafficking is a complex illegal business and, in most cases, involves activities undertaken by international organised crime gangs. Human traffi cking combines aspects of human life in terms of limitating freedom to enjoy it. This publication intends to standardise the existing theories and defi nitions and to collect and systematise the knowledge of the experience of the Police Academy in Szczytno in training law enforcement services involved in preventing and combatting human traffi cking. The study presents a number of activities undertaken since 2006 by the Academy, whose aim has been to provide training for the relevant services responsible for combatting transnational organised crime, and for preventing and combatting human trafficking.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 2(SPECJALNY); 99-112
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Miejsce sprawiedliwości naprawczej w polskim systemie karnym
    Autorzy:
    Silecka-Marek, Ewelina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1397317.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Koninie. Wydawnictwo
    Tematy:
    restorative justice
    retributive justice
    criminal proceedings
    victim
    offender
    Opis:
    Place of restorative justice in the Polish penal system This paper shows the conceptions of restorative justice against the background of the idea of general justice. The author indicates to the relationship between the retributive and restorative approaches. By analysing the literature on the subject matter and criminal law, the importance of restorative justice practices and profits that bring to the offender, victim of a crime and for the local community.
    Źródło:
    Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne; 2021, 7, 1; 69-84
    2391-8632
    Pojawia się w:
    Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Teoretyczne podstawy mediacji między ofiarą a sprawcą przestępstwa
    The Theoretical Foundations of Mediation Between the Victim and Offender
    Autorzy:
    Czarnecka-Dzialuk, Beata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698941.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    mediacja
    ofiara
    konflikt
    przestępca
    victim
    offender
    mediation
    conflict
    Opis:
    Mediation as a method of conflict resolution also applicable to conflict resulting from an offences is the alternative of legal solution of disputes, a technique shared by various models that promote the use in practice of consensus. This novel plocedure fot conflict resolution (which is however derived from the traditions of the oldest societies) - a consensual one, based on agreement between parties - has been developing most dynamically over the recent decades, and pervaded all branches of the law in most legal systems (H. Jung, T. Marshall). In the specific context of criminal justice, mediation does not necessarily aim at conflict resolution. For this reason, it is defined as a process, where parties to proceedings are offered the possibility to actively participate in resolving issues that result from the offence, and are assisted in so doing by an impartial third person or mediator. Mediation may take a variety of forms (direct or indirect); it may be conducted by professional or lay mediators, under auspices of the law enforcement agencies or by an independent social organization, and the parties to it may include not only the victim and the offender but also their relatives and other supporters as well as representatives of the criminal justice system. As has already been mentioned, the origins of mediation between the offender and his victim date back to the oldest past when all issues related to harm involved in acts that are today treated as offences were adjusted in the course of negotiations by those directly concerned assisted by their families and clans. The offences was seen as a conflict between the victim and the perpetrator, with due consideration to the social context. Once the function of reacting to crime was taken over by the state, the reactions initially resembled the modern rules of civil law. Later on, when crime was interpreted as violation of the order established by the ruler, penal sanctions aimed not only at compensating the victim but also at supporting the authority of the state. Although Nils Christie's picture of the state stealing the conflict is a convincing illustration of this situation, the fact should be borne in mind that the state's taking over of the function of punishing was an immense cultural achievement of its time, especially for those members of the conmunity who were too weak to vindicate their claims (B.-D. Meier). Solutions that provide for specific forms of consensus can also be found in modern legal systems. In the area of mediation between the victim and offender, the practice outpaced theory. It was inspired, among other things, by examples of "community justice'' of non-Western cultures; by the movement on behalf of victims, the progress of victimology, the diversion conception, and abolitionism; by the theory of social peace and conflict resolution and by the conception of reparatory justice. This latter conception deals with most problems posed by the other ones. It is, however, difficult to define, and its essence is difficult to explain, especially if we try to embrace threads important for all the trends on which it bases. Thus in the end, a simpler definition suggested by T. Marshall won general acceptance: "reparatory justice is an approach to crime, oriented on solving the problem, which engages perionally all parties involved in it as well as the community, in active relation to the public sector institutions. It is not a specific activity but a set of ruled that may set the direction of the bulk of actions of all institutions or groups related to crime. Reparatory justice is a process in which all parties involved in a specific offence meet to reach a joint solution of the issue of effects of crime and conclusions for the future". This definition was subsequently modified somewhat by other authors. In particular, it was accepted by an international body - the International Research Network on Reparatory Juvenile Justice in its Leuven Declaration of May 1997 concerning advisability of promoting the reparatory approach to juvenile delinquency. Reparatory justice is discussed as a specific trend, approach, philosophy or even idea; according to most authors, however, it has not yet developed into a consistent theory, although incessant efforts are made towards this aim. The term "reparatory justice'' is attributed to R. Barnett; H. Zehr's contribution is the first general model of that justice as an "alternative paradigm of justice" whose main principles are opposed to those of the traditional retributive justice. Also J. Braithwaite's idea of "reintegrating confusion'' was of importance for the development of the reparatory justice conception. It is associated e.g. with Hirschi's theory of control, Matza's neutralization theory, Luhmann's systemic theory, and also with the traditional penal law theories under which evil has to be compensated by punishment, but compensation involving suffering prohibits a better arrangement of social relartions. Instead, reparatory justice balances the harm involved in crime through action aimed at compensation and “doing good” (Ch. Pelikan, B.D. Meier). M. Wright stresses that this conception largely tallies with the common-sense ideas as to how society should react to crime, supported by appropriate actions, analysis, and studies. Mediation and other restorative reactions are sometimes shown as responses that function instead, parallel or within the traditional justice system. Much speaks, however, for integration of reparatory justice with the criminal justice system. The approach that isolates mediation altogether from criminal justice pays insufficient attention to the danger of inequality of the parties to mediation in the area of efficient execution of their conflicting interests. Thus public interest requires that the course and results of mediation proceedings be supervised. The manner in which reparatory justice may replace repressive one depends first and foremost on the seriousness of crime. It is not in all cases that a purely reparatory reaction should be recommended as sufficient. This is among the frequent arguments of critics of reparatory justice (although even its supporters accept the existence of limits to its application). Skeptics also stress that reparatory justice violates a number of generally accepted rules of procedure, especially that of equality before the law (which, however, could be disputed) and the offender’s procedural rights due to him in criminal proceedings (which is in fact a weakness of reparatory justice, but collisions might be solved by appropriate rules and standards of the reparatory process or e.g. by judicial review of negotiated solutions). The conception of reparatory justice is often explicated through opposition of the basic models of reaction to crime (although faulty in some respects, this method well illustrates the most fundamental features). Reparatory justice is sometimes called the "third path'', an alternative to the (neo-) retributive penal law and the rehabilitation model which proves ineffective, and a fully mature self-standing model (L. Walgrave, I. Aertsen). M. Wright stressed two spccial ideas that distinguish reparatory justice from the traditional criminal justice system. The first of them is that the process itself constitutes an essential element of the reaction, that it is constructive and may even have a therapeutic importance. The other idea is compensation interpreted in a much broader sense - from symbolic actions such as work to those reducing the risk of the offender relapsing into crime. The justification and legitimization of mediation in criminal cases bases not only on new theorietical conceptions. Such justification can also be found in the assumptions of the traditional justice system. This is what B.D. Meier did assuming as his point of departure the penal law system's public function, including in particular that of restoring public order that has been violated through crime, and also that of preventing repeated violations. The traditional systems have always provided for two or three different models of reaction to crime. Prevalent is punishment imposed on the person who has been found guilty. The second model involves imposition of special measures irrespective of the offender's liability (security and preventive measures). The third model, of crucial importance for legitimization of mediation in the criminal justice system, consists in renouncing formal proceedings, e.g. in view of slight social harmfulness of the act, the fact that no public interest is involved in the imposition of penalty, or reasons of general and special prevention. According to T. Marshall, justifications of reparatory justice (fulfilled i.a. through mediation) should be sought in the community nature of the offence and its effects. Explaining the theoretical foundations of mediation between the victim and the offender is a complex task because of the multitude of its sources as well as theories and conceptions quoted, and particularly because of the lack of agreement as to the essence of the usually quoted conception of reparatory justice and as to its treatment as "competitive'' with fespect to traditional justice or (for which interpretation I would like to declare) as that system's highly profitable logical supplementation, improvement and expansion. Also in Poland, the practice of actions involving mediation have outpaced the theory: for several years now, there has been quite a rapid growth in its application in practice. In both spheres, there are many problems and challenges worth taking up. At the same time, expanding the theory is of importance for the practice. Explanation of the ideas, aims and foundations of mediation and of its position with respect to traditional justice is paramount for the institution's reasonable development, evaluation and shaping towards its meeting the expectations.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2000, XXV; 9-28
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence
    Autorzy:
    Kurilovská, Lucia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45660069.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-11-14
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    investigator
    victim
    offender
    family
    discretion
    repetitiveness
    legal pluralism
    Opis:
    In the presented study, the author characterises the specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence, or crimes associated with it. The study is processed in connection with implementation of the project APVV-19-0090 “Legal methodology for the era of legal pluralism”. The content of the study reflects on the clear need to specify the individual elements that relate to the given topic. The author’s primary goal is to manifestly and clearly interpret the specifics of investigating and proving domestic violence and the most common crimes associated with it. The results of the study are also processed through the use of scholarly methods, specifically, a search of professional literature, case law, scientific outputs, in addition to an analysis of the scholarly knowledge gained from theoretical but also applied practice, synthesis, observation, induction, deduction, and methods of abstraction and generalisation. For verifying the hypotheses, guided interviews and the evaluation of a short questionnaire on the perception of signs and forms of domestic violence by selected persons were also used. The study has not been published elsewhere.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 151(3); 309-327
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mediacja w zmienionym modelu postępowania karnego. Zagadnienia wybrane
    Mediation in the modified model of criminal procedure. Selected problems
    Autorzy:
    Skrobotowicz, Grzegorz A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1804881.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-16
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    ofiara
    sprawca
    mediacja
    mediator
    ADR
    ugoda
    proces karny
    victim
    offender
    mediation
    agreement
    criminal trial
    Opis:
    Do polskiego systemu prawa karna mediacja wprowadzona została wraz z wejściem w życie Kodeksu postępowania karnego, czyli od dnia 1 września 1998 r. Stwierdzić zatem należy, że funkcjonuje już od ponad 17 lat. Niestety, jednak ciągle pozostaje instytucją bliżej nieznaną przeciętnemu obywatelowi. Dodatkowo, wiele osób jeżeli nawet posiada wiedzę o takiej formie ADR, to nie jest sobie w stanie wyobrazić – po pierwsze – możliwości spotkania się poza sądem z domniemanym sprawcą przestępstwa, a po wtóre – rozmowy zakończonej ewentualnym pogodzeniem się oraz określeniem sposobu naprawienia wyrządzonego zła. Mając na uwadze powyższe spostrzeżenia, uzasadnione było przybliżenie tego narzędzia sprawiedliwości naprawczej, szczególnie że mediacja karna doznała istotnych zmian legislacyjnych, które weszły w życie z dniem 1 lipcu 2015 r. Artykuł składa się z trzech części merytorycznych, które poświęcone zostały osobnym blokom tematycznym opisującym zagadnienia z zakresu mediacji karnej.
    Penal mediation was introduced to the Polish legal system when the Code of Criminal Procedure entered into force on 1 September 1998. This legal instrument has been therefore available for over 17 years, however, unfortunately it still remains largely unknown to an average citizen. Furthermore, many people, even if they are familiar with this form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), cannot imagine either the opportunity to meet with the alleged perpetrator of the crime out of court, or the possible reconciliation talks resolving the dispute and finding a way to compensate for the damage caused. With above observations in mind, it is reasonable to conduct this “tool” of restorative justice, especially that the model of penal mediation was modified in 2015.The article was divided into the three parts and each part described different issue of penal mediation.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2016, 26, 1; 51-70
    1507-7896
    2544-5227
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka kryminalistyczna przestępstw przemocy domowej zgodnie z ustawodawstwem Ukrainy
    Concept and composition of the forensic characteristics of domestic violence in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Franchuk, Vasyl
    Kuntij, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087440.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu
    Tematy:
    domestic violence
    forensic characteristics
    elements
    victim
    offender
    traces
    manner
    przemoc domowa
    charakterystyka sądowa
    elementy
    ofiara
    sprawca
    ślady
    sposób
    Opis:
    Artykuł dotyczy koncepcji kryminalistycznych cech przemocy domowej na Ukrainie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań, a także analizy praktyk śledczych i sądowych ustalono, że proponowany skład kryminalistycznych cech przemocy domowej obejmuje: czas, miejsce, środki, sposób popełnienia przestępstwa, tożsamość ofiary, tożsamość sprawcy, „wzór śladu” – ściśle powiązane ze sobą elementy.
    The work is dedicated to the concept and composition of the forensic characteristics of domestic violence in Ukraine. An analysis of the work of forensic scientists on the concept and elements of forensic characteristics was done. On this basis, as well as on the analysis of the investigative and judicial practice, the composition of the forensic characteristic of domestic violence is proposed. It was investigated that to those elements are included: time, place, means, crime manner, victim’s person, offender person, “trace pattern”, which are closely correlated with each other. The analysis of each of the elements is carried out.
    Źródło:
    Edukacja • Terapia • Opieka; 2020, 2; 211-220
    2658-0071
    2720-2429
    Pojawia się w:
    Edukacja • Terapia • Opieka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Toward New Focus on Retributive Justice. Reflections on Background of Passive Subject of Crime
    Autorzy:
    Smarzewski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806770.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-16
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    retrybutywizm
    sprawiedliwość retrybutywna
    przestępstwo
    ofiara
    sprawca
    bierny podmiot przestępstwa
    kara
    karanie
    retributivism
    retributive justice
    crime
    victim
    offender
    a passive subject of a crime
    penalty
    punishment
    Opis:
    Nowe spojrzenie na sprawiedliwość retrybutywną. Rozważania na tle koncepcji biernego podmiotu przestępstwa. W artykule podjęto próbę nowego spojrzenia na retrybutywizm. Punkt wyjścia dla prezentowanej idei stanowi koncepcja biernego podmiotu przestępstwa. Wydaje się bowiem, że retrybutywizm wobec wyczerpania środków do jego argumentacji wymaga nowej podbudowy. Stąd postuluje się zestawienie teorii retrybutywnego karania z koncepcją podkreślającą znaczenie ofiary przestępstwa w jej materialnoprawnym ujęciu. Prawo karne potrzebuje uzasadnienia dla publicznej reakcji, którą stanowi kara z uwzględnieniem pomiotu biernego, tj. tego, czyje dobra prawne, będące przedmiotem ochrony norm prawa karnego materialnego, zostały bezpośrednio naruszone lub zagrożone przez przestępstwo. To ofiara cierpi wskutek przestępstwa i dlatego też wymaga szczególnego podejścia, zwłaszcza ze strony odpowiednich organów państwowych. Jednocześnie jest ona podmiotem, który może posiadać istotne znaczenie w kontekście ustalenia tego, na co sprawca zasługuje, także w perspektywie sądowego wymiaru kary. Ofiara przestępstwa jest więc istotnym czynnikiem, abstrahując nawet od kompensacyjnej funkcji prawa karnego. Kluczowe miejsce w tym kontekście zajmuje koncepcja biernego podmiotu przestępstwa, która może zostać zestawiona spójnie z retrybutywizmem. Nie jest ona bowiem względem niego teorią sprzeczną, a wręcz przeciwnie, w wielu aspektach pozostaje z nią zbieżna i stanowi istotne dopełnienie, niejednokrotnie kluczowe dla uzasadnienia sensu retrybutywnego karania.
    This paper supports the attempt undertaken by its author to take a fresh look at criminal justice in relation to retributivism and conceptual framework of a passive subject of a crime is the starting point for any related consideration, for it seems that retributivism needs new grounds when measures of argument strength are no longer feasible. Therefore, it is postulated to juxtapose the theory of retributive punishment with a victim of a crime in its substantive perspective. However, the criminal law requires reasonable grounds for public response being punishment, not losing sight of a subject whose legal goods are protected by norms of the criminal law but have been directly infringed or imperilled by an offence. After all, it is a victim who suffers in effect of an offence, thus requiring a special approach, especially on the part of relevant public authorities. At the same time, a victim is a subject who may be significant in the context of determination of what an offender deserves, and therefore in the perspective of judicial punishment, too. So, a victim is an important factor, even if we disregard the compensation function of the criminal law. The conceptual framework of a passive subject of a crime, that may be consistently juxtaposed with retributivism, has been specifically highlighted in this paper. This conceptual framework is not contradictory to retributivism, on the contrary, in many respects it is consistent with retributivism and serves the grounds for retributive punishment.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2015, 25, 4; 69-90
    1507-7896
    2544-5227
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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