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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Impact of specific factors on the state of the tire pressure value
    Autorzy:
    Caban, Jacek
    Turski, Andrzej
    Nieoczym, Aleksander
    Tarkowski, Sławomir
    Jereb, Borut
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    road safety
    tire
    vehicle safety
    maintenance
    Opis:
    The article presents the research on the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels in service. Data on how the vehicle was used was obtained based on a survey. The survey contained data on checking the condition of the vehicle tires and also measured the tire pressure. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels. The correlation analysis of the correctness of pressure in car tires and selected factors was carried out using the Kendall tau test. In addition, odds ratio (OR) analysis and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test were used to analyze the results. The work draws attention to the impact of improper tire pressure on tire durability and road safety as well as the functioning of other active safety systems. In addition, attention was drawn to drivers' awareness of the need to control the pressure in the wheels of the vehicle. Based on the analysis it was found that the age of the vehicle used and the driver's knowledge have the greatest impact on the correct tire pressure. Studies have shown that in over 60% of the vehicles analyzed, the tire pressure was normal.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 85, 3; 137-148
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Laboratory tests of a car seat suspension system equipped with an electrically controlled damper
    Autorzy:
    Zuska, Andrzej
    Więckowski, Dariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    acceleration
    passive safety
    road safety
    vehicle safety
    vibrational comfort
    vibrations
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of laboratory simulation tests of a suspension system for a car seat. The first part of the paper contains a description of the experiment, paying particular attention to the conditions in which the tests were conducted and the properties of the electrically controlled damper, which was mounted in the tested car seat’s suspension. Graphs of the damper’s operation were determined for different values of current intensity and the signal controlling the damper’s damping ratio and then the damping characteristics were determined on this basis. Simulated tests of the car seat’s suspension were carried out on a car component test station. During the tests, the values measured were the acceleration recorded at selected points on the dummy, which was placed on a seat equipped with suspension using a magnetorheological (MR) damper during the experiment. The second part of the paper presents an analysis of the results of the experimental tests with particular emphasis on the influence of the current that controls the operation of the damper on the values of the RMS index of the acceleration at selected points of the dummy.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2019, 60 (132); 192-199
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of frontal zone of deformation in vehicles with self-supporting and framed bodies
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.
    Żółtowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247110.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road safety
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    body deformation range
    Opis:
    The work considers changes occurred in the features of the supporting structure in three categories of cars, namely: with the self-supporting body, framed body an intermediate structures between these two solutions. The area of analysis includes the length of deformation (crush) of the front al part of the car after collision with a rigid obstacle (barrier). The range of deformation is a significant factor of the passive car safety and indicates the efficiency of fulfilling the protective function for the passengers. The work shows absolute and relative (percentage and unit) variations of the car deformation, depending on the year of manufacture, including the period of 1980 - 2010. Marked trend lines indicated general nature of the deformation range variations together with the improvement of the car supporting system structures. The course of the trend line has been calculated on the basis of average deformation length values, calculated in defined periods of vehicle manufacture. Selected sections of time result from the division of the period of analysis 1980 - 2010 into six parts. The analysis of the deformation length of the frontal part of passenger cars, SUVs and pickups has been combined with simultaneous evaluation of total car length variations and their weight values. The car weight directly affects the kinetic energy of the impact so it has a significant influence on the range of deformation of the car front during collision with an obstacle.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 397-407
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Child safety in a car during a frontal collision
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241889.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    child safety
    booster seat
    Opis:
    Road accidents with participation of the children are of particular nature. According to surveys, the older children at the age of 8-12 years are often transported in cars in a wrong way. They are usually fastened with seat belts designed for adult passengers. In order to make the seat belts safe for a child, they should be used together with a booster cushion or a high back booster seat. This paper presents the test results and analysis of dynamic loads affecting a child in the back seat of a passenger car during a frontal collision. The car body was accelerated to a speed of about 48 km/h and then it was suddenly stopped in a time of about 100 ms. The analysis was carried out on the basis of results of experimental tests performed at the collision station in the Automotive Industry Institute in Warsaw. The attention was paid to the influence of protection device type on the P10 dummy, representing a child at the age of about 10 years. Three child protection options during a collision were considered: the dummy was sitting directly in a car seat, on a booster cushion and on a seat. The dummy was fastened with standard seat belts. Evaluation of the protection device influence on the dummy loads was given in association with the operation of the seat belts. During evaluation, the indexes of biomechanical resistance of a human body to the impact load effects were used. They made the basis for the evaluation of the child injury severity risk.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 395-402
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of occupant motion in frontal barrier impact of a chassis frame vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.
    Zielonka, K.
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244471.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road safety
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    frontal accidents
    occupant kinematic
    Opis:
    Human body motion during a road accident usually results from the effect of forces of inertia. The analysis of that motion, particularly displacements towards the vehicle interior have significant practical aspect as it facilitates conclusions concerning the mechanisms of danger and injury formation. At the same time, the analysis provides direct indications regarding the improvement of passive safety equipment. The paper presents the time-space diagrams of motion of dummy’s head, neck, torso and hips – the driver of a frame chassis vehicle, identified on the basis of results of the measurements registered in frontal barrier impact and the frame-by-frame analysis of videos recorded during the course of experiment. Courses of these diagrams were associated with acceleration measurement results and forces affecting the parts of the dummy. The experiment showed the complex nature of the influence on the dummy caused by the forces of inertia after a collision of the vehicle with an barrier, vehicle body motion against the frame, reactions in the safety belts, friction on a seat and contact reaction of the vehicle interior equipment. At the same time, it presented the possibilities of indicating the courses of speed variations and dummy displacement as well as significant limitations of calculation possibilities that result from a fact that the process of the impact on the vehicle interior elements is hard to describe.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 491-502
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of the influence of the rear seat passenger position on the kinematics and dynamic loads on a torso and legs during a road accident
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.,
    Żuchowski, A,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    rear seat
    Opis:
    The analysis carried out by the authors indicates high threat to the rear seat passengers in passenger cars during a road accident. Vehicle designers indicate potential threats for passengers when they take a position in a car which is unexpected by a manufacturer of passive protection systems. Based on that, the tests were prepared in order to consider several different positions of a rear seat passenger. In particular, attention was paid to a threat to passengers when they take a position unexpected by a manufacturer of the passive protection systems in a car. Indicating and justifying a need to adjust the operation of the individual protection means to a passenger anatomy and current passenger position in a car in order to optimize his protection makes an important aim of these tests. This paper presents the results of the tests performed with a Hybrid III dummy, size M50, placed in three different positions in the back seat of a car. During each test, a series of physical values were measured and the motion of a dummy against the car body and the car interior components were filmed. The effects resulting from a change of a passenger’s position, observed on the courses of dynamic loads occurring during an accident, were analysed. Despite of small changes to a passenger’s position, their significant influence on the dummy movement during a frontal collision of a car and an obstacle was observed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 335-342
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars in frontal impact
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246867.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    rear seat
    Opis:
    The dynamic loads acting on a human body during a road accident may cause bodily injuries. They are dependent not only on the car structure and applied means of individual protection but also on the anthropometric features of a human body and its location in car. The safety of the car occupants on the rear seats in the passenger cars has been treated as a secondary issue so far. The achieved stage of the structure of that equipment for the rear seat occupants makes an important confirmation of that state. Usually there is no adjustment of the seat belt fixing point position, seat belt pretensioners, seat adjustment. This paper considers the risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars on the basis of analysis of dynamic loads that can affect them during the road accident. The attention was paid to the adults and children aged about 10 years. The dynamic loads were analysed with making use of experimental results of frontal flat barrier impact. During the tests, the passengers are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front and the rear seats. In the evaluation used the criteria of the biomechanical human body resistance to the impact load effect. The attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries. The analysis of the laboratory impact tests was preceded by the assessment of risk of injury of the front and rear seat passengers in the real road accidents, which has been prepared based on the literature data.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 507-518
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Automatyczne sterowanie cofania ciągnika siodłowego z naczepą
    Automation of road train motion in reverse
    Autorzy:
    Gumenyuk, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/408545.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
    Tematy:
    inteligentne pojazdy
    bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
    pojazdy drogowe
    korekta kursu
    intelligent vehicles
    vehicle safety
    road vehicles
    course correction
    Opis:
    W artykule opracowano sposób poprawy manewrowości pojazdu za pomocą blokowania kąta łamania. Opisany model umożliwia dokładne przeanalizowanie ruchu ciągnika siodłowego. Zaproponowano oprogramowanie do kontroli ruchu dwuosiowego obiektu przy obciążeniu. Stworzono algorytm sterowania podstawowymi mechanizmami danego obiektu, tak aby zapewnić stabilność ruchu. Pokazano niektóre z istniejących mechanizmów sterowania naczepami oraz zaproponowano nową konstrukcję, która pomaga sterować zestawem siodłowym podczas cofania.
    The article considers the way to improve maneuverability of the vehicle by locking assembly angle. A model is described that makes the study of truck-train movement more convenient. Software for the multilink vehicle is designed. The algorithm to control basic mechanisms of the model is described. Some of the existing mechanisms to manage trailed link are shown, a new design that helps to manage road train when reversing is proposed.
    Źródło:
    Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2015, 2; 72-80
    2083-0157
    2391-6761
    Pojawia się w:
    Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of the type of a child restraint system used on the kinematics and loads of a child in a motorcar during a frontal impact
    Wpływ rodzaju urządzenia ochronnego na kinematykę i obciążenia dziecka w samochodzie podczas zderzenia czołowego
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263232.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    seat belts
    child safety
    booster seat
    transport drogowy
    bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
    pasy bezpieczeństwa
    bezpieczeństwo dzieci
    podstawka podwyższająca
    Opis:
    An analysis of road accident reports and surveys concerning this issue show that children aged from 8 to 12 years are often improperly carried in cars. In defiance of the regulations in force, some parents protect their children exclusively by fastening the standard seat belts intended for adults. The paper presents an analysis of results of experimental tests aimed at the assessment of influence of the type of a chiId restraint system (CRS) used on the effectiveness of operation of a seat belt during a frontal impact. Attention was focused on the positioning of the seat belt in relation to the child in association with the dynamic load and kinematics of the child. The experiments were carried out with the use of a P10 test dummy representing a child aged about 10 years. Three CRS types used with the test dummy were considered: the dummy was placed directly on the car seat, on a booster Cushion (without a backrest), and on a booster seat (with a backrest). The dummy was fastened with the use of a standard seat belt. The experiments were carried out on a crash test stand at the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT) in Warsaw. The results obtained have revealed important relations between the CRS type used and the observed loads of the head and torso of the dummy. They have confirmed that the child protection should not be Iimited to mere use of a seat belt for adults because the seat belt positioning in relation to the child's body not only adversely affects the effectiveness of the seat belt operation but also may cause injuries to child's abdomen and neck.
    Z analizy wypadków drogowych oraz badań sondażowych wynika, że dzieci w wieku 8-12 lat są często nieprawidłowo przewożone w samochodach. Wbrew obowiązującym przepisom część rodziców zabezpiecza dzieci wyłącznie pasem bezpieczeństwa, który przeznaczony jest dla osób dorosłych. W pracy została przedstawiona analiza wyników badań eksperymentalnych, których celem była ocena wpływu rodzaju zastosowanego urządzenia ochronnego dla dziecka na skuteczność działania pasa bezpieczeństwa podczas zderzenia czołowego. Uwagę skupiono na sposobie ułożenia taśmy pasa względem dziecka w skojarzeniu z jego obciążeniami dynamicznymi i kinematyką. W badaniach wykorzystano manekin P10, reprezentujący dziecko w wieku około 10 lat. Rozważono trzy warianty zabezpieczenia manekina podczas zderzenia: manekin siedział bezpośrednio na fotelu samochodu, na podstawce podwyższającej bez oparcia oraz na podstawce z oparciem. Manekin zapięty był za pomocą standardowego pasa bezpieczeństwa. Badania przeprowadzono na stanowisku zderzeniowym w Przemysłowym Instytucie Motoryzacji w Warszawie. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują ważne relacje pomiędzy rodzajem zastosowanego urządzenia ochronnego a obserwowanymi obciążeniami głowy i torsu manekina. Potwierdzają, że dzieci nie powinny być zabezpieczane wyłącznie pasem dla dorosłych, bowiem ułożenie pasa względem ciała dziecka nie tylko niekorzystnie wpływa na skuteczność jego działania, ale może także powodować obrażenia brzucha i szyi dziecka.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2013, 3; 65-79, 149-163
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Results of the crash tests of electric cars
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    electric vehicles
    transport drogowy
    bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
    testy zderzeniowe
    bezpieczeństwo pasażerów
    pojazdy elektryczne
    Opis:
    The work presents the results of crash tests carried out with six electrical car models (from 2012-2013), with the weight of 1200-2300 kg (Smart Electric Driver, Mitsubishi IMiEV, Nissan Leaf, CODA, Ford Focus BEV, Tesla Model S). The results were published on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), and the tests involved a car travelling at the speed of 56 km/h, hitting frontally into a non-deformable (stiff) barrier, positioned perpendicularly to the car’s direction of movement. Particular attention was paid to the deformation of the car after hitting the barrier, so-called stiffness characteristics of the frontal crumple zone, and to the loads on the dummies placed at the driver’s and passenger’s seat (Hybrid III, a 50-centile man and a 5-centile woman). Results of the tests with electric cars were compared with the results of the tests with over a hundred of combustion engine cars with similar weight and type of car body (sedan, hatchback). The tests proved that, in the majority of electrical cars tested, the deformation of the frontal crumple zone after hitting an obstacle is larger than in case of similar cars with internal combustion engine. Because of that, the dynamic loads on the occupants of the vehicle tend to be smaller, as indicated by measured loads on the heads and chests of the dummies. The results may suggest that the frontal crumple zone may be better constructed in the case of electric cars, while the design possibilities regarding that area are limited in standard cars due to the combustion engine, which is not deformed during the accident, which makes it more difficult for the energy of the crash to dissipate.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 483-490
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of safety of rear seat occupants of a passenger car during the road accident
    Analiza stanu bezpieczeństwa pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach samochodu osobowego podczas wypadku drogowego
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Prochowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
    Tematy:
    bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
    bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
    pasażer na tylnym siedzeniu
    testy zderzeniowe
    transport
    crash testes
    rear seat occupant
    road safety
    vehicle safety
    Opis:
    The test results indicate that in many structural solutions of the passenger cars, dynamic loads of the rear seat passengers can be significantly higher compared to the front seat passengers, so the risk of injuries is higher for them. The work specifies examples of courses of dynamic loads that occur during the frontal collision with an obstacle and that affect the front seat and the rear seat passengers. At the same time, the attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries in various road accidents. The analysis of dynamic loads that affect the rear seat passengers in many cars has been carried out. In order to do that, the laboratory test (crash test) results have been used. Dynamic loads affecting the passengers of various anthropometrical features have been considered. The results of those analyses have been referred to the loads affecting a driver and a front seat passenger, that is the persons who drive a car and are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front seats. The indexes of biomechanical human body resistance to impact load results have been used during the evaluation.
    Wyniki badań pokazują, że w wielu rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych samochodów osobowych, obciążenia dynamiczne pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach mogą być znacznie większe niż osób na przednich fotelach, a więc i ryzyko obrażeń jest dla nich wyższe. W pracy zestawiono przykładowe przebiegi obciążeń dynamicznych, powstających podczas czołowego uderzenia w przeszkodę i które działają na osoby jadące w pierwszym i drugim rzędzie foteli samochodowych. Jednocześnie zwrócono uwagę na relacje między miejscem zajmowanym w samochodzie a prawdopodobieństwem odniesienia obrażeń w różnych wypadkach drogowych. Przeprowadzono analizę obciążeń dynamicznych, jakie działają na osoby na tylnych siedzeniach w wielu samochodach. W tym celu wykorzystano wyniki badań laboratoryjnych (testów zderzeniowych) samochodów. Rozważono obciążenia dynamiczne działające na pasażerów o różnych cechach antropometrycznych. Wyniki tych analiz odniesiono do obciążeń działających na kierowcę i pasażera obok kierowcy, a więc do osób jadących, które są chronione przez typowe systemy bezpieczeństwa biernego na przednich fotelach. Podczas oceny wykorzystano wskaźnika biomechanicznej odporności ciała człowieka na skutki obciążeń udarowych.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2011, 3; 81-96
    1234-754X
    2084-476X
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Motoryzacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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