Temat: crash safety - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis of properties of operation of the supporting equipment for the seat belts
Autorzy:: Żuchowski, A.
Jackowski, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242023.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: vehicle safety
crash tests
safety belt
pretensioner
force limiter
Opis:: Applying the pretensioners and the belt force limiters in cars had a positive impact on the seat belts effectiveness in protecting the people driving against the effects of collisions. In this way, delayed action of the seat belts, resulting from the flexibility of the belt and the operating time of the retractor locking mechanism, was partially eliminated. The tasks and properties of the pretensioners and force limiters used in cars will be described in the paper. Implementations of the forces acting at the driver's lap belts and shoulder belts during a frontal collision into a rigid barrier, at the speed of 56km/h, will be presented. On this basis the properties of the pretensioners and belt force limiters will be determined. The characteristics of rigidity (force - displacement) of the shoulder belts of various designs will be presented, too. On the basis of the results of the crash tests (NHTSA, USA) for several cars the dynamic loads, which act on the driver during a frontal collision into a rigid barrier, will be analysed. The biomechanical indices of the human immune to the effects of shock loads will be taken into account. The analysis will include the passenger cars (sedan) from the years 1995 – 2004, which were fitted with the seat belts of various designs.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 697-704
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Comparative analysis of frontal zone of deformation in vehicles with self-supporting and framed bodies
Autorzy:: Prochowski, L.
Żółtowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247110.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
road safety
vehicle safety
crash tests
body deformation range
Opis:: The work considers changes occurred in the features of the supporting structure in three categories of cars, namely: with the self-supporting body, framed body an intermediate structures between these two solutions. The area of analysis includes the length of deformation (crush) of the front al part of the car after collision with a rigid obstacle (barrier). The range of deformation is a significant factor of the passive car safety and indicates the efficiency of fulfilling the protective function for the passengers. The work shows absolute and relative (percentage and unit) variations of the car deformation, depending on the year of manufacture, including the period of 1980 - 2010. Marked trend lines indicated general nature of the deformation range variations together with the improvement of the car supporting system structures. The course of the trend line has been calculated on the basis of average deformation length values, calculated in defined periods of vehicle manufacture. Selected sections of time result from the division of the period of analysis 1980 - 2010 into six parts. The analysis of the deformation length of the frontal part of passenger cars, SUVs and pickups has been combined with simultaneous evaluation of total car length variations and their weight values. The car weight directly affects the kinetic energy of the impact so it has a significant influence on the range of deformation of the car front during collision with an obstacle.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 397-407
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Child safety in a car during a frontal collision
Autorzy:: Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241889.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
child safety
booster seat
Opis:: Road accidents with participation of the children are of particular nature. According to surveys, the older children at the age of 8-12 years are often transported in cars in a wrong way. They are usually fastened with seat belts designed for adult passengers. In order to make the seat belts safe for a child, they should be used together with a booster cushion or a high back booster seat. This paper presents the test results and analysis of dynamic loads affecting a child in the back seat of a passenger car during a frontal collision. The car body was accelerated to a speed of about 48 km/h and then it was suddenly stopped in a time of about 100 ms. The analysis was carried out on the basis of results of experimental tests performed at the collision station in the Automotive Industry Institute in Warsaw. The attention was paid to the influence of protection device type on the P10 dummy, representing a child at the age of about 10 years. Three child protection options during a collision were considered: the dummy was sitting directly in a car seat, on a booster cushion and on a seat. The dummy was fastened with standard seat belts. Evaluation of the protection device influence on the dummy loads was given in association with the operation of the seat belts. During evaluation, the indexes of biomechanical resistance of a human body to the impact load effects were used. They made the basis for the evaluation of the child injury severity risk.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 395-402
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The analysis of occupant motion in frontal barrier impact of a chassis frame vehicle
Autorzy:: Prochowski, L.
Zielonka, K.
Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244471.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
road safety
vehicle safety
crash tests
frontal accidents
occupant kinematic
Opis:: Human body motion during a road accident usually results from the effect of forces of inertia. The analysis of that motion, particularly displacements towards the vehicle interior have significant practical aspect as it facilitates conclusions concerning the mechanisms of danger and injury formation. At the same time, the analysis provides direct indications regarding the improvement of passive safety equipment. The paper presents the time-space diagrams of motion of dummy’s head, neck, torso and hips – the driver of a frame chassis vehicle, identified on the basis of results of the measurements registered in frontal barrier impact and the frame-by-frame analysis of videos recorded during the course of experiment. Courses of these diagrams were associated with acceleration measurement results and forces affecting the parts of the dummy. The experiment showed the complex nature of the influence on the dummy caused by the forces of inertia after a collision of the vehicle with an barrier, vehicle body motion against the frame, reactions in the safety belts, friction on a seat and contact reaction of the vehicle interior equipment. At the same time, it presented the possibilities of indicating the courses of speed variations and dummy displacement as well as significant limitations of calculation possibilities that result from a fact that the process of the impact on the vehicle interior elements is hard to describe.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 491-502
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The analysis of the influence of the rear seat passenger position on the kinematics and dynamic loads on a torso and legs during a road accident
Autorzy:: Prochowski, L.,
Żuchowski, A,
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245281.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
rear seat
Opis:: The analysis carried out by the authors indicates high threat to the rear seat passengers in passenger cars during a road accident. Vehicle designers indicate potential threats for passengers when they take a position in a car which is unexpected by a manufacturer of passive protection systems. Based on that, the tests were prepared in order to consider several different positions of a rear seat passenger. In particular, attention was paid to a threat to passengers when they take a position unexpected by a manufacturer of the passive protection systems in a car. Indicating and justifying a need to adjust the operation of the individual protection means to a passenger anatomy and current passenger position in a car in order to optimize his protection makes an important aim of these tests. This paper presents the results of the tests performed with a Hybrid III dummy, size M50, placed in three different positions in the back seat of a car. During each test, a series of physical values were measured and the motion of a dummy against the car body and the car interior components were filmed. The effects resulting from a change of a passenger’s position, observed on the courses of dynamic loads occurring during an accident, were analysed. Despite of small changes to a passenger’s position, their significant influence on the dummy movement during a frontal collision of a car and an obstacle was observed.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 335-342
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars in frontal impact
Autorzy:: Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246867.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
rear seat
Opis:: The dynamic loads acting on a human body during a road accident may cause bodily injuries. They are dependent not only on the car structure and applied means of individual protection but also on the anthropometric features of a human body and its location in car. The safety of the car occupants on the rear seats in the passenger cars has been treated as a secondary issue so far. The achieved stage of the structure of that equipment for the rear seat occupants makes an important confirmation of that state. Usually there is no adjustment of the seat belt fixing point position, seat belt pretensioners, seat adjustment. This paper considers the risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars on the basis of analysis of dynamic loads that can affect them during the road accident. The attention was paid to the adults and children aged about 10 years. The dynamic loads were analysed with making use of experimental results of frontal flat barrier impact. During the tests, the passengers are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front and the rear seats. In the evaluation used the criteria of the biomechanical human body resistance to the impact load effect. The attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries. The analysis of the laboratory impact tests was preceded by the assessment of risk of injury of the front and rear seat passengers in the real road accidents, which has been prepared based on the literature data.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 507-518
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Results of the crash tests of electric cars
Autorzy:: Żuchowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243537.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
vehicle safety
crash tests
safety of passengers
electric vehicles
transport drogowy
bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
testy zderzeniowe
bezpieczeństwo pasażerów
pojazdy elektryczne
Opis:: The work presents the results of crash tests carried out with six electrical car models (from 2012-2013), with the weight of 1200-2300 kg (Smart Electric Driver, Mitsubishi IMiEV, Nissan Leaf, CODA, Ford Focus BEV, Tesla Model S). The results were published on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), and the tests involved a car travelling at the speed of 56 km/h, hitting frontally into a non-deformable (stiff) barrier, positioned perpendicularly to the car’s direction of movement. Particular attention was paid to the deformation of the car after hitting the barrier, so-called stiffness characteristics of the frontal crumple zone, and to the loads on the dummies placed at the driver’s and passenger’s seat (Hybrid III, a 50-centile man and a 5-centile woman). Results of the tests with electric cars were compared with the results of the tests with over a hundred of combustion engine cars with similar weight and type of car body (sedan, hatchback). The tests proved that, in the majority of electrical cars tested, the deformation of the frontal crumple zone after hitting an obstacle is larger than in case of similar cars with internal combustion engine. Because of that, the dynamic loads on the occupants of the vehicle tend to be smaller, as indicated by measured loads on the heads and chests of the dummies. The results may suggest that the frontal crumple zone may be better constructed in the case of electric cars, while the design possibilities regarding that area are limited in standard cars due to the combustion engine, which is not deformed during the accident, which makes it more difficult for the energy of the crash to dissipate.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 483-490
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The analysis of safety of rear seat occupants of a passenger car during the road accident
Analiza stanu bezpieczeństwa pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach samochodu osobowego podczas wypadku drogowego
Autorzy:: Żuchowski, A.
Prochowski, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1365085.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:: bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
pasażer na tylnym siedzeniu
testy zderzeniowe
transport
crash testes
rear seat occupant
road safety
vehicle safety
Opis:: The test results indicate that in many structural solutions of the passenger cars, dynamic loads of the rear seat passengers can be significantly higher compared to the front seat passengers, so the risk of injuries is higher for them. The work specifies examples of courses of dynamic loads that occur during the frontal collision with an obstacle and that affect the front seat and the rear seat passengers. At the same time, the attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries in various road accidents. The analysis of dynamic loads that affect the rear seat passengers in many cars has been carried out. In order to do that, the laboratory test (crash test) results have been used. Dynamic loads affecting the passengers of various anthropometrical features have been considered. The results of those analyses have been referred to the loads affecting a driver and a front seat passenger, that is the persons who drive a car and are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front seats. The indexes of biomechanical human body resistance to impact load results have been used during the evaluation.
Wyniki badań pokazują, że w wielu rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych samochodów osobowych, obciążenia dynamiczne pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach mogą być znacznie większe niż osób na przednich fotelach, a więc i ryzyko obrażeń jest dla nich wyższe. W pracy zestawiono przykładowe przebiegi obciążeń dynamicznych, powstających podczas czołowego uderzenia w przeszkodę i które działają na osoby jadące w pierwszym i drugim rzędzie foteli samochodowych. Jednocześnie zwrócono uwagę na relacje między miejscem zajmowanym w samochodzie a prawdopodobieństwem odniesienia obrażeń w różnych wypadkach drogowych. Przeprowadzono analizę obciążeń dynamicznych, jakie działają na osoby na tylnych siedzeniach w wielu samochodach. W tym celu wykorzystano wyniki badań laboratoryjnych (testów zderzeniowych) samochodów. Rozważono obciążenia dynamiczne działające na pasażerów o różnych cechach antropometrycznych. Wyniki tych analiz odniesiono do obciążeń działających na kierowcę i pasażera obok kierowcy, a więc do osób jadących, które są chronione przez typowe systemy bezpieczeństwa biernego na przednich fotelach. Podczas oceny wykorzystano wskaźnika biomechanicznej odporności ciała człowieka na skutki obciążeń udarowych.
Źródło:: Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2011, 3; 81-96
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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