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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Magazynowanie wodoru w obiektach geologicznych
    Storage of hydrogen in geological structures
    Autorzy:
    Such, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833953.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    wodór
    podziemne magazynowanie
    wyeksploatowane złoża gazu
    kawerny solne
    hydrogen
    underground storage
    exploited gas reservoirs
    salt caverns
    Opis:
    Hydrogen economy became one of the main directions in EU’s Green Deal for making Europe climate neutral in 2050. Hydrogen will be produced with the use of renewable energy sources or it will be obtained from coking plants and chemical companies. It will be applied as ecological fuel for cars and as a mix with methane in gas distribution networks. Works connected with all aspects of hydrogen infrastructure are conducted in Poland. The key problem in creating a hydrogen system is hydrogen storage. They ought to be underground (RES) because of their potential volume. Three types of underground storages are taken into account. There are salt caverns, exploited gas reservoirs and aquifers. Salt caverns were built in Poland and now they are fully operational methane storages. Oli and Gas Institute – National Research Institute has been collaborating with the Polish Oil and Gas Company since 1998. Salt cavern storage exists and is used as methane storages. Now it is possible to use them as methane-hydrogen mixtures storages with full control of all operational parameters (appropriate algorithms are established). Extensive study works were carried out in relation to depleted gas reservoirs/aquifers: from laboratory investigations to numerical modelling. The consortium with Silesian University of Technology was created, capable of carrying out all possible projects in this field. The consortium is already able to undertake the project of adapting the depleted field to a methane-hydrogen storage or, depending on the needs, to a hydrogen storage. All types of investigations of reservoir rocks and reservoir fluids will be taken into consideration.
    Źródło:
    Nafta-Gaz; 2020, 76, 11; 794--798
    0867-8871
    Pojawia się w:
    Nafta-Gaz
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podziemne magazynowanie energii: wodór w kawernach solnych – aspekty ekonomiczne
    Effective storage of energy in salt caverns in the form of hydrogen
    Autorzy:
    Kunstman, A.
    Urbańczyk, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192145.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Stowarzyszenie Górnictwa Solnego
    Tematy:
    energia elektryczna
    podziemne magazynowanie energii
    kawerna solna
    odnawialne źródła energii
    energy systems
    electricity production
    renewable energy sources
    underground storage
    Opis:
    In energy systems of developed EU countries, the serious problem is periodic surplus of electricity production, following by deficiencies of electricity. They are particularly important in systems, where renewable energy sources (wind/solar) are significant. These are irregular power sources, depending on season and day time. Power installed in such stations is much less used than power installed in thermal or nuclear power stations. Problem is growing with increase of renewable energy share, in conjunction with the pro-ecological EU policy and continuous support for renewable energy sources. For example, in Germany (in 2011) 20% of produced electricity comes from renewable sources, in 2020 it has to be 35%, and 80% in 2050, because of nuclear plants closing and reducing the CO2 emission. Total power of wind stations there is 29 GW and of solar is 24 GW, despite the unfavorable, as it seems, climate. Germany becomes a world leader in the solar power, and power installed there is similar to total solar plants power in the rest of the world. And plans for 2050 are: 80 GW (wind) and 65 GW (solar). Such a situation in neighboring country, with similar climate, considerably more developed, indicates that similar trends will be present also here. Currently, we are at the beginning - in 2011 total power of wind stations in Poland was 2 GW, and of solar stations – 2 MW. This means the lowest use of both energies among EU, per capita and per 1 km2. In coming years the share of renewable energy sources in Poland must radically increase. Planning in Poland for 2030 is 19% of energy from renewable sources, in comparison with 6% at present (mainly hydro and biomass). Irregularities in electricity production from wind/sun, make this energy still quite expensive. If usage of this energy periodic surpluses would be practically solved, resulting prices would be lower. Problem of electricity storage has not yet been generally solved. There are hydro pumped plants, but they cannot be applied larger, because specific terrain layout is required and the impact on environment is high. Future of surplus electricity storage lies under the ground, in caverns leached in salt deposits, where one can store energy as hydrogen obtained by water electrolysis or as compressed air. This would give much greater density of stored energy than pumped hydro, without the negative environmental impact. In Poland we have appropriate salt deposits, and proven technology of salt caverns building. We already have efficiently working storages in salt caverns: KPMG Mogilno (Cavern Underground Gas Storage - owner PGNiG) and PMRiP Góra (Underground Storage of Oil and Fuels - owner SOLINO/ORLEN). In EU, both such magazines, besides of Poland, are built only in Germany and France. CHEMKOP was the initiator, originator and designer of both Polish underground storages, and specialized computer software for cavern designing, developed in CHEMKOP Sp. z o.o. was purchased (licenses) by 30 leading companies from all over the world. Salt caverns, similar to natural gas storage caverns, after due designing, may be successfully built for hydrogen, and in this form may store the excess energy. Hydrogen will be produced by water electrolysis using excess electricity, stored in salt cavern and afterwards used in different ways: as supplement to natural gas in gas network, as fuel for fuel cells or electro generators or as a raw material in petrochemical industry. The key issue is the salt caverns – they should be located where disposing of brine is possible. Hydrogen storage should be located near potential places of its use. At present, few hydrogen storage salt caverns are existing in UK and USA, but for petrochemical use, not for energy purposes. Special hydrogen pipeline in USA, 300 miles long, connected storage caverns with hydrogen producers and users. The first storage cavern for hydrogen produced from surplus electricity will be built in Etzel (Germany). Pilot peak power stations, working on compressed air from salt caverns are working in Germany (Huntorf) and in USA (McIntosh). Currently most of the research related to hydrogen storage takes place in Germany. It is associated with energy balance of Germany, with large amount of salt deposits and with high level of technologies for underground storage. Matter is urgent, because problem of periodic local energy surpluses in German network is so serious, that Poland and Czech Republic are forced to build special devices on border network connections, to reduce the impact of these irregularities on their own networks. In next few years, as expected, Germany will develop more economical hydrogen electrolysis technology and adequate electrolyzers will be produced. The surface equipment for hydrogen pumping stations will be also available. Poland has periodic surpluses of electricity production even now and very good possibility of salt caverns construction in comparison with others. Most countries do not have appropriate salt deposits, so we can become one of the European champions in storage of hydrogen – the fuel of future. It is necessary, however, to start the research work for such a storage just now. In the authors opinion, the research works should include: • identify the needs for energy storage in Poland, estimate a surplus of energy for storage in hydrogen or compressed air caverns, determine recommendation for hydrogen production by water electrolysis on a wider scale, • define possibility of storage caverns construction for hydrogen in Polish salt deposits, • determine specificity of storage caverns construction for hydrogen: size and shape, working pressures, recommendations for drilling/completion, used materials, • examine geomechanical stability of hydrogen storage caverns in their specific pressure conditions, using special computer model, • examine thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen storage caverns in their specific temperature conditions, using computer model for hydrogen cavern, • compare and evaluate hydrogen storage and compressed air storage technologies for energy surpluses (HYES/ CAES), looking for their usefulness in Polish conditions. Further research work will help to create a sound basis for taking decision to build underground energy storage by specifying: storage policies, applied technology, location of storage caverns and scenarios of their work. Final remarks • Technical and economical problems with proper use of renewable energy sources will be increasing in Poland in nearest future year by year, similarly as currently in Germany. • The problem cannot be solved in other way than storage of energy surplus for use during deficiency periods. • The best solution, at present, is energy storage in salt caverns in the form of hydrogen. • In Poland, we have both appropriate salt deposits and large experience in designing and construction of salt cavern storages. • We are world leaders in computer modeling of development and operation of salt cavern. • Our experience can be extended to the hydrogen storage, provided that relevant research work will start and be performed. • So, there is a chance that Poland will become one of the leading country in storage of hydrogen – a clean fuel of the future.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Solny; 2013, 9; 20--25
    2300-9349
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Solny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Geologiczne i górnicze aspekty budowy magazynowych kawern solnych
    Construction of storage caverns in salt deposits-geological and mining aspects
    Autorzy:
    Kunstman, A.
    Poborska-Młynarska, K.
    Urbańczyk, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074696.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    kawerny solne
    magazynowanie podziemne
    górnictwo
    salt caverns
    underground storage
    solution mining
    Opis:
    In the last two decades two underground storage facilities were constructed by leaching caverns in salt domes in Poland. Although the storage facilities appeared successful, many wrong ideas about geological and technical problems connected with the underground storage in salt caverns are still popular. Therefore, the paper presents a brief review of the most important aspects of this subject along with history of underground storage in salt caverns, types of storage facilities and geological and technical conditions to be met in selection of the site. Moreover, the problems of water supply and brine recycling or disposal are also discussed and issues connected with spacing, shape and size of caverns and tightness and operation pressure ranged are presented.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2009, 57, 9; 819-928
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Near-term storage potential for geological carbon sequestration and storage in Poland
    Potencjalne możliwości geologicznej sekwestracji i składowania dwutlenku węgla w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    Stopa, J.
    Zawisza, L.
    Wojnarowski, P.
    Rychlicki, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/216998.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
    Tematy:
    sekwestracja
    pojemność magazynowa
    magazynowanie podziemne
    magazynowanie gazu
    carbon sequestration
    storage potential
    underground storage
    gas storage
    Opis:
    Of the various types of geologic formations, depleting oil and gas reservoirs has the highest near-termpotential for CO2 storing. This is due to verified trapping security and the strong base of industrial experience with injecting gases into depleted reservoirs. Saline aquifers are not fully recognized and consequently the risk of the leakage to the surface is higher for saline aquifers then for oil and gas reservoirs. In the paper, the brief characterization of the oil and gas fields in Poland have been presented in the context of CO2 storing. The estimated storage potentials have been calculated formany fields with the use of the mass balance technique. The paper presents selected statistical properties of the results and correlations between reservoir conditions and storage potential. It was found that the storage capacity for most of the known depleted reservoirs was not huge but still interesting, especially for smaller power and chemical plants.
    Wśród różnych typów formacji geologicznych możliwych do wykorzystania w procesie sekwestracji geologicznej, sczerpane złoża węglowodorów mają największe możliwości wykorzystania do składowania CO2. Wynika to z dużego zweryfikowanego bezpieczeństwa składowania oraz wieloletnich doświadczeń przemysłowych związanych z zatłaczaniem gazu do złóż. Rozpoznanie geologiczne głębokich poziomów wodonośnych nie jest zazwyczaj duże, co niesie ze sobą znacznie większe ryzyko ucieczki gazu w porównaniu ze złożami węglowodorów. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę polskich złóż węglowodorów z uwzględnieniem możliwości składowania CO2. Potencjalne pojemności składowania dla szeregu polskich złóż zostały określone w oparciu o metodę bilansu masy. Przedstawiono korelacje pomiędzy głównymi parametrami złożowymi a potencjalnymi pojemnościami magazynowymi. Z analizy wynika, iż dostępne pojemności większości złóż nie są duże, jednakże mogą być wykorzystane w skojarzeniu z mniejszymi elektrowniami i zakładami chemicznymi.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi; 2009, 25, 1; 169-186
    0860-0953
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sposoby użytkowania górotworu na świecie i w Polsce
    Underground space use: world wide and in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Przybycin, A.
    Uliasz-Misiak, B.
    Zawisza, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    górotwór
    podziemne składowiska
    podziemne skłądowiska gazu
    bezzbiornikowe magazynowanie
    bezzbiornikowe usuwanie odpadów górotworu
    podziemne magazyny gazu
    Polska
    underground space
    underground storage
    underground gas storage
    non-tank storage
    non-tank disposal of waste into rock-mass
    underground storage gas facilities
    Polska
    Opis:
    Underground space is used in a number of ways, e.g. for transport infrastructure, public utility objects, for waste disposal and storing of various substances and fuels. Underground space is used for activities or facilities which cannot be realized on surface because they would be too difficult to perform or environmentally hazardous or expensive. Offices, stores, warehouses, cultural and recreation objects as well as city or intercity subways are located very shallow under the surface. At greater depth storages, tunnels and car parkings could be located. At ca. 250-3000 m of depth underground space is employed for storing natural gas, energy, fuels, carbon dioxide and radioactive waste. Underground disposal sites and storages are made in abandoned workings and pore space. The shallow part of underground space has been utilized only to a small degree in Poland. Deeper zones are used for non-tank natural gas storages in rock mass, in that in abandoned workings, underground oil, fuel and waste storages, in rock mass and in abandoned workings. At present four underground waste disposal sites are operational in Poland; there are eight underground gas storages: five in closed mine and one in a salt dome. Storing in pore space has best perspectives in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2011, 59, 5; 417-425
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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