Temat: Biodiesel - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Physicochemical properties of fuel compositions obtained from diesel fuel and different kinds of fatty raw material
Autorzy:: Duda, K.
Piętak, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241877.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: biodiesel quality examination
biodiesel mixture
animal fat biodiesel
vegetable oil biodiesel
transesterification
Opis:: Increased interest in development of alternative fuels used to power combustion engines is caused by excessive use of fuels obtained from mineral sources. Depletion of resources, political aspects as well as the negative impact on the environment are commonly discussed issues in relation to fossil fuels. On the other hand, biodegradability, lower toxic components emissions and interchangeability with mineral fuels are commonly described benefits related to biodiesel, interpreted as fatty acid methyl esters obtained from fatty raw material. Also the multiplicity of raw materials that can be used for production promotes popularization of the biodiesel. However the variety of raw materials can have significant impact on the number of physicochemical properties of alternative fuels due to the differences in molecular structures forming given type of raw material. The article presents analysis of properties of different types of biodiesel and its mixtures with diesel according to the outlines presented in the quality standards for mineral and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels were produced in the laboratory setup from swine, poultry, rape and sunflower fatty raw material. Such parameters as: density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, acid value, oxidation stability, cold filter plugging point, sulphur content, water content and total contamination were examined, based on the results, the quality of the biofuels was evaluated. Study confirms that biofuels derived from plant origin fatty raw material present favorable results in the aspect water content, total contamination, acid value and cold flow properties, thus biofuels derived from animal origin raw fatty material presents lower density and sulphur content.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 137-143
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Variability of glycerin fractions obtained during biodiesel production
Autorzy:: Sulewski, M.
Urbaniak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/346913.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
Tematy:: glycerin phase
biodiesel
transesterification
Opis:: Recently, problems concerning the necessity of increasing the contribution of renewable energy are raised very often. In the aspect of combustion engines, the most common and promoted method consists in making liquid fuels from vegetable raw materials, which are subsequently added to conventional mineral fuels. In this study, the authors’ interest lies in the glycerin fraction, a side product of biodiesel production. Thus, it can be concluded that after phase separation, biofuel and glycerol are obtained and then glycerol can be utilized in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical or any other industry. However, in reality, we have to do with a three-stage equilibrium process, therefore, in the process of biodiesel production it is not glycerin that we deal with but a mixture of many substances of which glycerin is the main component. The amounts and contents of glycerin phases obtained in various technological conditions have been studied. Refined rapeseed oil, raw rapeseed oil and waste rapeseed oil were used as raw materials in biodiesel production.
Źródło:: Ars Separatoria Acta; 2012-2013, 9/10; 83-94
1731-6340
Pojawia się w:: Ars Separatoria Acta
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel Production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst
Autorzy:: Agustina, Tuty Emilia
Heraldy, Eddy
Hadiah, Fitri
Hasanudin
Arita, Susila
Prakoso, Tirto
Sari, Tuti Indah
Suprapto, Bhakti Yudho
Putra, Muhammad Firdaus Kusuma
Ramadhani, Dimas Luthfi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105272.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: biodiesel
esterification
transesterification
hydrotalcite
Opis:: Biodiesel is currently preferred for consumption and has been widely used as a substitute for diesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of various methanol-to-oil ratios in the esterification process and also the effect of hydrotalcite catalyst weight on the transesterification product. The catalyst was characterized with SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TG-DTG-DTA. The esterification process was operated at various oil-to-methanol ratios, i.e., 1:12–1:36 and the transesterification was performed using several catalyst weights, 0.5%–2.5%. The results showed that the optimum conditions of esterification were at the 1:30 molar ratio of oil-to-methanol, which decreased the amount of acid number by 95.75%, while the optimum condition of transesterification was at 1.5% catalyst weight. The characteristics of biodiesel using 0.5–2% hydrotalcite catalyst (acid number, total glycerol, free glycerol, ester levels, viscosity, density, oxidation stability) have met the Indonesian biodiesel standard of SNI-04-7182-2012.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 6; 172--181
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Processing and Performance of Blended Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Pediastrum Boryanum
Autorzy:: Chellappa, Thiago
da Silva, Raphael Eliedson
Filgueira, Mário Sérgio Gomes
Rabelo, Daniela Aisha Silva de Souza
Lira, Isadora Patriota de Aguiar
Bremgartner, Afra Raquel de Almeida
Bragato, Marcos
Santos, Dino Lincoln Figueirôa
Rosa, José Guilherme da Silva Santa
Chellappa, Naithirithi T.
Sanábio, Robson Guimarães
Nascimento, Rubens M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069909.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:: biodiesel
diesel
algae
esterification
transesterification
residue
Opis:: In this present study, biodiesel was synthesized as per ASTM method by using algae as a raw material, which in the environment is considered as being a harmful waste and of a nature that blooms in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. In order to improve fuel quality, the transesterification process was carried out in this study so as to remove fatty acids and thereafter, analyze several fuel parameters of the biodiesel were determined. The calorific value of the biodiesel and its specific gravity was 42660 kJ/kg and 0.803 g/cm3 respectively. The viscosity of the sample was found to be 1.99. The cetane number of diesel fuel ranged from 40 to 55 and for the biodiesel it was found to be 47. The flashpoint and firepoint of the sample was recorded as 80°C and 94°C respectively. The conclusion is that it is worthy to mention that this process does not require high-end technology; hence, it could be used in the energy generation process in remote areas and as an alternative resource, as well.
Źródło:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2021, 23; 243--262
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Biopaliwa z rzepaku. Przygotowanie surowca do otrzymywania biodiesla w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego oraz pilotowe metanolizy
Rapeseed biofuel. Preparation of raw material for biodiesel production in agricultural household conditions. Pilot methanolysis processes
Autorzy:: Radziemska, E.
Lewandowski, W.
Szukalska, E.
Tynek, M.
Pustelnik, A.
Ciunel, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106626.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: biopaliwo
olej rzepakowy
transestryfikacja
biodiesel
rapeseed oil
transesterification
Opis:: Scharakteryzowano olej rzepakowy jako surowiec do produkcji biodiesla i opisano etapy procesu transestryfikacji. Oceniono metody wydobywania oleju rzepakowego poprzez tłoczenie w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego i scharakteryzowano oleje pod względem przydatności do reakcji metanolizy (zawartość fosforu, LK, LOO, skład kwasów tłuszczowych). Przeprowadzono wstępne laboratoryjne reakcje transestryfikacji i na ich podstawie wytypowano parametry reakcji w skali ćwierćtechnicznej. Stopień konwersji oleju do estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych (EMKT) oznaczano poprzez pomiar współczynnika załamania światła.
Rapeseed oil has been characterized as a raw material in biodiesel production and stages of this process have been described. An evaluation of methods of extracting oil from rapeseed has been performed. The oil has been evaluated on its usefulness for methanolysis process (phosphorus content, fatty acid composition, acid and peroxide values). Preliminary transesterification reactions have been conducted on a laboratory scale and, based on the obtained results, parameters for household scale process have been chosen. The stage of oil-into-FAME conversion has been determined through refractive index measurement.
Źródło:: Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2009, 14, 1-2; 79-84
2084-4506
Pojawia się w:: Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Simulation and sensitivity analysis for biodiesel production in a reactive distillation column
Autorzy:: Agarwal, M.
Singh, K.
Chaurasia, S. P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779118.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:: biodiesel
reactive distillation
modeling
simulation
transesterification
sensitivity analysis
Opis:: The conventional process for biodiesel production by transesterification is still expensive due to a need of high excess of alcohol required and its recovery by distillation. The use of a reactive distillation process can reduce the amount of alcohol in the feed stream as it works on a simultaneous reaction and separation. In the present study, a mathematical model has been developed for biodiesel production from triglycerides in a reactive distillation column, which has been validated with the reported data and CHEMCAD results. The effects of process parameters such as methanol to oil feed ratio, feed temperature, and reaction time have been investigated. The sensitivity analysis shows that yield of ester increases with methanol to oil ratio and number of stages, however, it decreases with fl ow rate. The MATLAB simulated results show that methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 produces 90% (by wt.) of methyl ester in a residence time of 4.7 minutes.
Źródło:: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 3; 59-65
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Energy Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Cake – Extraction of Vegetable Oil and Transesterification
Autorzy:: Mehdaoui, Imane
Majbar, Zineb
Hassani, El Mokhtar Saoudi
Mahmoud, Rachid
Atemni, Ibrahim
Ben Abbou, Mohamed
Taleb, Mustapha
Rais, Zakia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201716.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: olive mill waste cake
extraction
valorisation
vegetable oil
transesterification
biodiesel
Opis:: The olive mill wastewater, effluents from the trituration of olives, are treated in most Mediterranean countries by natural evaporation. However, this method of treatment is a source of air and soil pollution by the generation of solid waste, called olive mill waste cake. This work focused on extracting of vegetable oil from this by-product for biodiesel production by transesterification. The extraction took place with a Soxhlet extractor, using hexane as solvent. The vegetable oil and biodiesel were characterized by measuring the physicochemical parameters that identify them according to AFNOR standards. The extraction results show that the oil yield is 21.28%. The oil obtained is characterized by density, water and ash content, acidity, saponification, peroxide and ester. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% or about 185 Kg of biodiesel/ton of olive mill waste cake, and in terms of energy 2783.7 MJ or 2 GW.t-1. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214, 2013.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 5; 306--315
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Carbon-based acid catalyst from waste seed shells: preparation and characterization
Autorzy:: Wang, L. H.
Liu, H.
Li, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778575.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:: carbon-based solid acid
waste seed shells
esterification
transesterification
biodiesel
Opis:: A carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized seed shells of Jatropha curcas (J. curcas L.). The structure of amorphous carbon consisting of polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets attached a high density of acidic SO3H groups (2.0 mmol · g−1) was identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the solid acid catalyst was evaluated for biodiesel production in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. 95.7% yield of biodiesel was obtained after 2 h reaction and the conversions with reused catalyst varied in the range of 95.7% to 95.1%, showing better activity and stability than commercial catalyst amberlyst-46. It was also observed that the prepared catalyst showed enhanced activity in the transesterification of triolein with methanol when compared with other solid acid catalysts. A synergistic effect results from the high density of SO3H groups and the good access of reactants to the acidic sites can be used to explain the excellent catalytic activity, as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups bonded to the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings.
Źródło:: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2015, 17, 4; 37-41
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: The effect of the ultrasounds treatment on frying oils intended for biodiesel production
Autorzy:: Ambrosewicz-Walacik, M.
Szostak, P.
Nitkiewicz, S.
Tańska, M.
Walacik, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245084.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: frying oil
ultrasounds
fatty acids composition
transesterification
yield of biodiesel
Opis:: The aim of the study was to determine the ultrasounds treatment of frying oil on their properties important in order to biodiesel production. The research material was a frying oil, which prior to transesterification oil was treated with ultrasounds (37 kHz) during 15, 30 and 60 min. In next step, prepared samples were analysed in terms of fatty acid composition, acid value, FFA % and then subjected to alkali transesterification process. After producing methyl esters the yield of biodiesel was analysed with thin liquid chromatography technique (TLC), and then samples were characterized in terms of viscosity in 40 °C, density at 15 °C, acid value, sulphur content and flash point. The results showed that an ultrasonic treatment had a little impact on the fatty acid composition of the test samples. The yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. One the other hand, determined with thin liquid chromatography technique yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. What is more, the ultrasounds treatment of oil before transesterification process had no impact on viscosity, density and acid value of these samples, while flash point values and sulphur content were changed.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 19-24
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel Production using Oil Extracted from Cooling Pond Wastewater with Esterification of Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst and Transesterification of $Na_2CO_3$ Catalyst
Autorzy:: Kolakaningrum, Chandra Fitri
Agustina, Tuty Emilia
Hadiah, Fitri
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027900.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: cooling pond wateswater
esterification
transesterification
sulfonated carbon
sodium carbonate
biodiesel
Na₂CO₃
Opis:: While high production of palm oil improves the community economy, it has the potential to damage the environment because it produces the waste containing quite a lot of residual oil. The wastewater generated by this production process flows into the cooling pond before it is further processed in aerobic and anaerobic ponds. The residual oil contained in the cooling pond can be collected and used, e.g. as raw material for biodiesel production. This research aimed to produce biodiesel by utilizing the oil extracted from cooling pond wastewater through the esterification method with a sulfonated carbon catalyst and a transesterification method with the $Na_2CO_3$ catalyst. The sulfonated carbon catalyst was made from the palm kernel shells as a solid waste of the palm oil plant. In order to study the optimum amount of catalyst usage, the catalyst ratio was varied, i.e. 8–16% for the esterification process and 1–3% for the transesterification process. The reuse performance of sulfonated carbon catalysts was varied three times. On the basis of the research results, sulfonated carbon catalysts were proven to be effective as heterogeneous catalysts in the esterification process because they can reduce acid level to below 5 mg KOH/g oil. The sulfonated carbon catalyst ratio of 12% was the optimum ratio which can reduce the acid level to 4.62 mg KOH/g oil. The reuse of sulfonated carbon can reduce the acid level to 6.9 mg KOH/g oil at the first reuse. In the transesterification process, the optimum ratio of the $Na_2CO_3$ catalyst of 3% was found. The biodiesel produced has met the biodiesel characteristics of National Indonesian Standard (SNI of 7182:2015) with the saponification number of 197.18 mg KOH/g oil, free glycerol of 0.09%, FAME content of 96.79%, and density of 886 kg/$m^3$.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 10; 51-62
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Investigation of the chemical composition, characterization and determination of energy content for renewable energy source (biodiesel) produced from non-edible Ethiopian seeds’ particularly castor seed (Ricinus communis) using homogeneous catalysis
Autorzy:: Hiwot, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412591.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:: castor oil
non -edible oil
biodiesel
transesterification
homogeneous catalyst
FAME
GC-MS
Opis:: Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine. It provides a feasible solution to the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats by trans-esterification. Although this fuel has gained worldwide recognition for many years, it is not being widely commercialized like petroleum diesel in the world, not widely produced and used especially in our country Ethiopia. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition of the biodiesel produced from castor oil was done with the help of GC-MS and 8 fatty acid methyl esters were identified. Acid and base catalyzed methods were used in the synthesis of biodiesel from castor seed oil. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 96.7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 39 MJ/Kg and 40.7 MJ/ Kg respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except kinematic viscosity. Therefore, castor seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine by blending with petroleum diesel.
Źródło:: International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 18; 63-74
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:: International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Investigation of chemical composition, characterization and determination of biodiesel content for the oil extracted from waste coffee residue of different varieties of coffee beans grown in yirgachefie, kocherea and yirgalem using homogeneous catalysis and comparing it with fossil fuels
Autorzy:: Hiwot, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411602.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:: waste coffee oil
yirgachefie
yirgalem
kocherea
transesterification
biodiesel
fatty acid methyl ester
FTIR
GC-MS
Opis:: Due to rapid population growth and development in the world there is high energy demand, energy consumption, sharp decline in petro fuels reserves, and greater environmental problems, as a result of using petroleum diesel constrained mankind to investigate newer and renewable feed stocks for liquid transportation fuels from vegetable oils by transesterification reaction. In this study oil of waste coffee residue of yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea (chellelleqtu) weredas were selected as potential raw from indigenous species for biodiesel production. Oil was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent from waste coffee residue of yirga chefie, yirgalem and kocherea weredas. The oil contents for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea were 16.67% w/w, 19.7 % w/w and 16.9% w/w respectively. Transesterification were carried out for all oils using methanol in the presence of acidic and basic catalysts to produce biodiesel. The fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel prepared from the oil extracted from three waste coffee residues were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. Based on GC-MS analysis their chemical compositions were 37.7 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 41 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 13.5 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 8.5 wt. % methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgachefie, 35.90 wt.% methyl palmitate (C16:0), 38.28 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 16.42 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 9.40 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for kocherea and 26.62 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 35.18 wt.% methyl linoleate (C18:2), 19.72 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 18.48 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgalem. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 94.7 %, 95.84 and 94.56 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion were obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 38, 36.2, 37 MJ/Kg and 38.68, 38, 41 MJ/ Kg for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except acidic value. Therefore, coffee seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine.
Źródło:: International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2014, 20, 1; 88-89
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:: International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel w UE i Polsce - obecne uwarunkowania i perspektywy
Biodiesel in the EU and in Poland - present conditions and the prospects for future
Autorzy:: Roszkowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239838.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:: biodiesel
rzepak
olej palmowy
generacja substratów
transestryfikacja
BTL
HVO
fermentacja beztlenowa
właściwości paliw
osady ściekowe
oilseed rape
palm oil
substrate generations
transesterification
anaerobic digestion
fuel's characteristics
sewage sludges
Opis:: W pracy przedstawiono obecne i wzrastające znaczenie paliw do silników wysokoprężnych w bilansach paliw transportowych (płynnych) UE oraz opisano rolę i udział biodiesla wytwarzanego z biomasy. Omówiono wprowadzane obecnie zmiany w obowiązujących przepisach prawnych EU i USA, istotnie ograniczające produkcję biodiesla z użyciem dotychczasowych technologii. Opisano wyniki analiz wpływu zmian obszarowych (ILUC) i środowiskowych na uprawy roślinne, będące dotychczas podstawowymi surowcami do produkcji biodiesla metodami transestryfikacji. Omówiono i oceniono przydatność obecnych surowców do wytwarzania biodiesla z uwzględnieniem trzech generacji substratów. Wskazano na wpływ wprowadzanych przepisów na utrudnienia handlowe tak biodieslem, jak i surowcami oraz substratami do jego wytwarzania. Opisano ograniczenia w wykorzystaniu innych pożądanych substratów - tłuszczów zwierzęcych i mikroalg - oraz utrudnienia wynikające z odmiennych interpretacji przepisów o zastosowaniu osadów ściekowych jako biomasy. Przedstawiono ocenę stanu i perspektyw dotychczasowych i przyszłościowych technologii produkcji biodiesla, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rzepaku, jako surowca o dotychczas dominującym znaczeniu w UE.
Paper presented actual and increasing importance of the fuels for diesel engines in transport (liquid) fuel balance of the EU; the role and share of biodiesel fuel production from biomass were also described. Introduced actually changes in legal regulations being in force in the EU and USA, significantly limiting diesel production with the use of hitherto applied technologies, were characterized. The results of analyses were given, as concerning the effect of spatial (ILUC) and environmental changes on the crops being till now basic raw materials to generate diesel by transesterification methods. Usability of actual raw materials to diesel production considering three substrate generations, were discussed and evaluated. The effect of regulations being introduced on the commercial difficulties with biodiesel, as well as with the raw materials and substrates to its production, were indicated. Restrictions in utilization of other desirable substrates - the animal fats and micro-algae - as well as impediments resulted from different interpretation of regulations on the use of sewage sludge as biomass - were described. The status and prospects for hitherto existing and the future technologies of biodiesel production were presented, with particular attention put on the oilseed rape as a raw material of dominating, until now, importance in the EU.
Źródło:: Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej; 2012, R. 20, nr 3, 3; 65-78
1231-0093
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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