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Tytuł:
An inventory model with price and credit installments-dependent demand
Autorzy:
Hasan, Md. Rakibul
Siddiqa, Mst. Ayesha
Roy, Tutul Chandra
Al-Amin, Md.
Daryanto, Yosef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315579.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
inventory
pricing
installment-dependent demand
trade credit
Opis:
Financial capability is one of the primary drivers for buyers to make purchases. Therefore, sellers must set an optimum selling price and consider trade credit facilities to attract more demand. This paper proposes an inventory decision model in which customer demand depends on the price and number of credit installments to serve low-abled buyers. This study has developed a demand function with a positive impact on installment policies and the effect of the selling price. Two models have been formulated to optimize the selling price and positive stock time, m total profit, with and without installment policies. Then, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis illustrate the proposed model for different cases. The study has found that the selling price and positive stock time can be optimized. Profits can be higher in the case of an installment facility than in the case without an installment facility. It shows positive responses from the buyer to the installment policy.
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2023, 2 (31); 111--127
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inventory models and trade credit: a review
Autorzy:
Soni, H.
Shah, N. H.
Jaggi, C. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
lot-size model
trade credit
deterioration
probabilistic demand
Opis:
This article reviews the literature on quantitatively oriented approaches for determining the optimal lot-size when supplier offers credit period to the retailer to settle their account. An attempt is made to provide an up-to-date review of existing literature, concentrating on descriptions of the types of problems that have been solved and important structural results.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2010, 39, 3; 867-882
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors influencing the use of trade credit in financing Polish listed companies
Autorzy:
Duliniec, Aleksandra
Świda, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
trade payables
trade credit
sources of financing
Warsaw Stock Exchange
Opis:
The aim of this article is to identify the most important factors influencing the use of trade credit and to assess their significance for Polish listed companies taking into consideration the role of trade credit as a source of financing. Theoretical and empirical literature does not provide clear guidance regarding factors influencing the use of trade credit. In this study the linear regression model with fixed effects for years is used to describe trade credit use in listed Polish companies in the period 2002-2018. The findings show that the following factors have the most pronounced influence on the use of trade credit: trade payables in the previous period, trade receivables, long-term debt, liquidity and short-term debt. Both long-term and short-term debt financing and trade payables are substitutes for Polish listed companies. Lower liquidity and higher trade receivables are related to a higher use of trade credit.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 1; 113-134
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital transformation and corporate cash holdings in Chinas A-share listed companies
Autorzy:
Sun, Changling
Lin, Ziang
Vochozka, Marek
Vincúrová, Zuzana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
digital transformation
cash holdings
financial constraints
agency cost
trade credit
Opis:
Research background: In the digital era, digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for leadership agenda. Many firms have accelerated their pace in digital transformation to improve their performance and competitiveness. Despite increasing attention in the literature on the role of digital transformation in firms' operations, understanding the effect of digital transformation on corporate finance remains limited. This study focuses on cash holdings, which are essential for firms to survive and thrive. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to examine the critical role of digital transformation on the cash holdings of listed firms in China and provide micro evidence regarding the economic consequences of the digital economy from firm level. This study also aims to deepen our understanding of the influence of digital transformation on firms' operation and financial policy. Additionally, this paper attempts to provide relevant guidance for implementing policies to promote digital transformation and devise corresponding cash holding strategies. Methods: The text analysis method is used to measure the degree of digital transformation of China's A-share listed companies. The sample covers 19,337 observations from 2007-2020. A multiple regression model with firm and year fixed effect is developed to investigate the relationship between digital transformation and corporate cash holdings. In the robustness test, this paper substitutes the independent and dependent variables, and adopts instrumental variable estimation method. In the mechanism test, this paper uses the sub-sample regression method in the mechanism test. Findings & value added: This study reveals that digital transformation can significantly reduce corporate cash holdings by alleviating the precautionary motive, agency motive and transaction motive of cash holdings. Further analysis shows that the negative effect of digital transformation on cash holdings is more profound in high-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises. The methodology applied in this paper can be used in other economic research of firms. This study provides insights into the effects of digital transformation on corporate financial policy. This provides a solution for reducing firms' cash holdings. This study also deepens the understanding of digital transformation from a corporate perspective.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2022, 13, 4; 1081-1116
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A more direct demonstration on the EOQ model under retailer partial trade credit policy in supply chain
Autorzy:
Huang, Y. F.
Huang, H. F.
Teng, J. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
EOQ
inventory
trade credit
permissible delay in payments
supply chain
Opis:
Huang and Hsu (2008) investigated the inventory system as a cost minimization problem, with the objective to determine the retailer’s optimal inventory policy under the supply chain conditions. Then, Chung (2008) presented the comments to this problem, with the aim to overcome the shortcomings and present complete proofs for the results, relative to Huang and Hsu (2008). However, the proof, proposed by Chung is cumbersome, and can be followed with difficulty. The main purpose of this paper is to develop another proof, much more easy to comprehend.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2015, 44, 3; 389-397
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimal credit period and ordering quantity for credit dependent trended demand and deteriorating items with maximum lifetime
Autorzy:
Shah, N. H.
Shah, D. B.
Patel, D. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
inventory
trended demand
trade credit
default risk
deterioration
maximum lifetime
Opis:
In this paper, an inventory system is analyzed regarding a trended demand. The seller offers its buyer a credit period for settling the account, which attracts more buyers and enhances market demand. However, the offer of credit period leads to default risk for the supplier. The units in inventory are deteriorating continuously and also have definite maximum lifetime. The aim is to maximize the profit of the retailer. Numerical examples are given to validate the developed mathematical model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to obtain the critical inventory parameters and deduce the managerial strategies.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2015, 44, 2; 311-320
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kredyt handlowy a polityka pieniężna NBP
Trade Credit and the Monetary Policy of the National Bank of Poland
Autorzy:
Młodkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-03-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
trade credit
monetary policy
National Bank of Poland (NBP)
substitution effect
Opis:
The paper examines the influence of the central bank’s monetary policy on trade credit financing in Poland. The aim is to establish the nature and scope of the private sector’s response to modifications in monetary policy. An additional issue is whether there is a substitution effect between bank credit and trade credit. Both these issues are subject to formal statistical analysis. In the process, the author takes a comprehensive look at the monetary policy stance of the Polish central bank. He proposes a simple and intuitive indicator in this area based on money supply and demand data. Using a regression analysis, Młodkowski finds a strong and statistically significant relationship between monetary policy and trade credit. His findings also confirm the existence of a substitution effect between bank credit and trade credit. The author builds two regression models, one for “trade credit extended” and the other for “trade credit used.” In the case of “trade credit used,” both the scope of the relationship and its significance are stronger than in the case of “trade credit extended,” Młodkowski says. This is due to an asymmetry of statistical data subject to analysis. Poland’s Central Statistical Office only gathers data from businesses with more than 45 employees. In another conclusion involving trade credit theories, Młodkowski proves wrong a financial aid theory that suggests that enterprise size is a factor that leads to an asymmetry in the propensity to extend and use trade credit. This theory does not hold true for Poland, Młodkowski says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 222, 3; 1-18
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A three level integrated inventory model with time dependent demand and production rate under a trade credit policy for both distributor and retailer
Autorzy:
Singh, N.
Vaish, B.
Singh, S. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206192.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
time dependent demand
variable production rate
three echelon supply chain
trade credit
Opis:
This paper develops a three echelon supply chain inventory model with permissible delay in payment, in which distributor and retailer’s demand is time dependent and production rate for manufacturer is also time sensitive. The models consider the two level trade credit policy in manufacturer-distributor and distributor-retailer relationship in this supply chain model. A simple solution algorithm is presented to determine the optimal order quantity and optimal cycle time of the total cost function and the number of shipments for distributor and retailer. The results are discussed with numerical examples and the particular cases of the model are also discussed in brief.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2014, 43, 3; 439-469
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BADANIA ŹRÓDEŁ FINANSOWANIA DZIAŁALNOŚCI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW – EFEKT SELEKCJI PUBLIKACJI. ANALIZA METAREGRESYJNA
Studies on financing sources of enterprises activities - publication selection bias. A meta-regression analysis
Autorzy:
Nehrebecka, Natalia
Dzik-Walczak, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
financing sources
meta-regression analysis
publication selection bias
bank loan
trade credit
lease
Opis:
This article discusses the verification of the effect of publication in the studies regarding the sources of financing business operations. There is a probability that the results presented in literature may be encumbered by the problem of statistical significance selection. The works which show a weaker correlation or the lack of significance are less attractive and are seldom published – they are viewed as not providing enough contribution to science and not explaining the studied phenomena. In the publications regarding bank loans, the publication selection bias was found in the case of the structure of the assets and size of the company. In the case of the trade credit, the publication selection bias was pointed out in the case of indebtedness, profitability, size of the company, development potential and stock. In the studies of lease, the publication selection bias was confirmed in the case of indebtedness, profitability and size of the company.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2015, 2(23); 41-70
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zależności miedzy wykorzystaniem kredytu handlowego i bankowego w świetle teorii i badań
Relationships Between the Use of Trade Credit and Bank Credit in the Light of Theories and Research
Autorzy:
Ziętek-Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
kredyt handlowy
kredyt bankowy
substytucja
komplementarność
racjonowanie kredytów
kryzys finansowy
trade credit
bank credit
substitution
complementarity
credit rationing
financial crisis
Opis:
This article deals with the problems related to the use of trade credit in financing business operation against the background of the other source of external capital – bank credit. The article is a review of selected literature on the relationship between the two above-mentioned forms of financing. Analysing the literature of the subject, one can conclude that trade credit can be a substitute for bank credit. There are also a growing number of publications that pinpoint an informational role of trade credit, which can be used by banks to update their assessment of the creditworthiness of a business. For the sake of topicality, special emphasis has been paid to the relationship between the use of trade credit and bank credit in selected cases of financial crisis.
Źródło:
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania; 2013, 5; 171-190
2081-1837
2544-5197
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opóźnione płatności i ich konsekwencje dla działalności przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Deferred Payments and their Consequences for Enterprises’ Activities in Poland
Autorzy:
Ziętek-Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30145434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
kredyt kupiecki
opóźnienia w płatnościach
zatory płatnicze
trade credit
delays in payments
payment gridlock
Opis:
Odraczanie terminów płatności za dostawy dóbr i usług stanowi powszechną praktykę w transakcjach między przedsiębiorstwami, przynoszącą określone korzyści dla dostawcy, jak i odbiorcy, ale też wiążącą się z zagrożeniem w postaci braku bądź nieterminowej spłaty ze strony kontrahenta. Z uwagi na jego skalę oraz znaczenie, w artykule skoncentrowano się na doświadczanym przez przedsiębiorstwa problemie opóźnień w płatnościach ze strony odbiorców oraz ich konsekwencjach. Pierwsza część pracy poświęcona została przedstawieniu zjawiska nieterminowych płatności wśród przedsiębiorstw w Polsce. W drugiej części podjęto kwestię skutków opóźnień w płatnościach. Omawiając powyższe zagadnienia, odwołano się do wyników badań dotyczących rozliczeń między przedsiębiorstwami, pochodzących m.in. z instytucji oferujących usługi wspierające proces zarządzania kredytem kupieckim.
Deferring payment for purchases and services is a universal practice in transactions between enterprises giving definite profits both to the vendor and the buyer, but also one that is connected with the threat of a lack or a delay of the payment from the client. The article focuses on the problem of payments delayed by the clients and the consequences of the delays, because of the problem’s range and significance. Part One of the paper is devoted to a presentation of the phenomenon of delayed payments in Polish enterprises. In Part Two the question is tackled of the consequences of delays in payments. When discussing the above issues the research findings are referred to that concern settlements between enterprises, the research being conducted, among others, in institutions offering services supporting the process of managing the trade credit.
Źródło:
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania; 2014, 6, 2; 319-334
2081-1837
2544-5197
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie kredytu handlowego w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
The use of trade credit in business financing in Poland
Autorzy:
Ziętek-Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/447013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
source of finance
trade credit
trade liabilities
źródło finansowania
kredyt handlowy
zobowiązania z tytułu dostaw i usług
Opis:
Trade credit is a commonly used short-term source of business financing. The use of trade credit in the course of business is determined by a number of factors. In particular, it is noted that trade credit is a spontaneous, easily available and flexible source of funding. The aim of the paper is to examine the use of trade credit as a source of finance of enterprises in Poland. The research was conducted on the basis of data from the Polish Central Statistical Office. The research period covers the years 2009-2014. The research confirmed the significance of trade liabilities in the structure of short-term liabilities, regardless of the size of the enterprise. The data analysis indicates that the importance of trade liabilities varies depending on the sector in which the business operates.
Kredyt handlowy jest powszechnie stosowanym krótkoterminowym źródłem finansowania działalności przedsiębiorstw. Jego wykorzystanie w toku działalności determinowane jest wieloma czynnikami. W szczególności, podkreśla się, że kredyt handlowy jest spontanicznym, łatwo dostępnym i elastycznym źródłem finansowania. Celem artykułu jest analiza wykorzystania kredytu handlowego jako źródła finansowania przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Okres analizy obejmuje lata 2009-2014. W wyniku badań potwierdzono istotność zobowiązań handlowych w strukturze zobowiązań krótkoterminowych, niezależnie od wielkości przedsiębiorstwa. Analiza danych wskazuje na zróżnicowane znaczenie zobowiązań handlowych w zależności od sekcji, w której działa przedsiębiorstwo.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2016, 1(23); 203 - 216
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinanty kredytu kupieckiego w Polsce w świetle wyników analizy danych panelowych – czynniki zróżnicowania wewnątrz- i międzyobiektowego
Determinants of trade credit in Poland in the light of the results of panel data analysis – factors of intra- and inter-object differentiation
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Marcin
Wiśniewska, Dorota
Becella, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
enterprise financing
trade credit
panel data analysis
finansowanie przedsiębiorstw
kredyt kupiecki
analiza danych panelowych
Opis:
Kredyt kupiecki stanowi istotny, chociaż, jak się wydaje, najmniej zbadany sposób finansowania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce. W niniejszym artykule autorzy analizują, jakie czynniki określają wybór kredytu kupieckiego przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce – jako źródła finansowania oraz sposobu tworzenia należności, a także diagnozują istnienie tzw. efektów indywidualnych, które różnicują poszczególne przedsiębiorstwa pod względem ogólnej skali zastosowania kredytu kupieckiego. Przeprowadzone przez autorów i opisane w tym artykule badania wskazują na zależność tych efektów za branży i struktury aktywów.
Trade credit is an important way of financing enterprises in Poland, yet it has also received little attention from researchers. In this article, the authors analyse what factors determine the choice of trade credit made by enterprises in Poland – as a source of financing and a form of receivables. In addition, the authors diagnose the existence of so-called individual effects that differentiate individual enterprises in terms of the general scale of trade credit application. The research conducted by the authors and described in this article indicates the relation between such effects and sector and asset structure.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2021, 83, 3; 199-218
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dostęp do finansowania jako czynnik rozwoju małych przedsiębiorstw w strefie euro
Access to finance as a growth factor of small firms in the euro zone
Autorzy:
Kobeszko, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/447061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
access to finance
small and medium-sized enterprises
economic growth
growth constraints
bank loan
trade credit
Opis:
The article examines access to finance of small enterprises in euro zone and financial constraints affecting frim growth. It results from the research that the factors that have an impact on the availability of external financing include i.a. general economic outlook, firm-specific outlook and willingness of banks to lend. Recently a fragile economic growth has negatively impacted availability of external financing for all firms in the euro area. In the case of small enterprises access to bank loans has stabilized, however it has deteriorated and remained a key issue in the case of microfirms. Financial obstacles, including availability of external financing, are the most important growth constraints. They impact the smallest firm the most. It suggests that finance should be treated with the first priority in countries interested in creating the environment that facilitates business activity.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2015, 2(22); 393-401
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of a single sampling plan minimizing the sum of risks in an EOQ model with trade credit
Autorzy:
Veerakumari, Pradeepa
Harikrishnan, Aruna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
trade credit
economic order quantity
EOQ
minimum sum of risks
Poisson distribution
kredyt handlowy
rozkład Poissona
Opis:
Acceptance sampling by attributes is a universally used statistical tool for quality control. It is a technique that deals with the decision to accept or reject a batch of goods using defined procedures. An attribute single sampling plan designed under the assumption that the number of defects has a Poisson distribution is the optimal plan whenever the chance of a defect occurring in the manufacturing process is low. This study introduces the incorporation of an attribute single sampling plan minimizing the sum of risks with an economic order quantity (EOQ) model taking into account the possibility of trade credit. The plan ensures the effectiveness of the optimal design based on the minimization of costs including the inspection costs, stock holding costs and ordering costs.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2019, 29, 1; 121-130
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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