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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    The Essence of Terrorism
    Autorzy:
    Zubrzycki, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375032.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    terrorism
    fear of terrorism
    consequences of terrorism
    asymmetric conflict
    Opis:
    The area of content to which the term “terrorism” refers is very broad and is also the subject of numerous studies. However, the results indicate significant discrepancies in the understanding of the term, resulting not only in an ambiguous perception, but above all in the lack of a generally accepted definition of the phenomenon. Researchers see it as an ideology, as well as a strategy, tactics or method of fighting, and finally as a tool for achieving the goals set. The validity of the meaning assigned to them has been verified by analysing the definitions of individual concepts, and in the search for the scope of meaning of the word terrorism, the terms that are indicated as its synonyms have also been used. The research conducted indicated political motivation as a feature distinguishing a terrorist from an ordinary criminal. Terrorists try to influence the power of a given country, also aiming at causing disturbances in its decision-making processes and, as a result, paralysing the state apparatus. The main characteristic of terrorism is the use of violence, which can take the form of any behaviour that results in the creation of a state of fear and danger in the human psyche. The purpose of terrorism is, therefore, to deliberately arouse and exploit fear, and its far-reaching psychological consequences go well beyond the immediate victims. Arousing fear in a society of the likelihood of a terrorist attack aims to force a government, organisation or social group to take or abandon certain actions. The adoption of such a tactic of action is an effect of disproportions, concerning both quantitative parameters of military potentials and factors determining the level of civilisation, and the differences lie in both the way of thinking and views, as well as the method of conducting a fight. In such a context, the power of terrorism comes from surprise, brutality and a task of the greatest possible loss in the shortest possible time, using unconventional methods. Unfortunately, the use of terrorist methods has become widespread and the threat of terrorism has become global.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2020, 12(1); 151-165
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Terrorism in the Context of Conflicts in the Modern World
    Autorzy:
    Zubrzycki, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    armed conflict
    war
    terrorism
    Islam
    Opis:
    Contrary to popular expectations, armed conflicts persisted after the end of World War II. Some countries are fighting for independence, others for influence, and others are experiencing civil wars. This is determined by cultural, ethnic and religious differences. The modern world is tormented by many conflicts which, despite their regional scope, have an impact on the political and military situation on the entire globe. The functioning of formal borders that do not coincide with national borders, the low sense of nationality compared to ethnicity, poverty and political instability are also conducive to the use of terrorist methods. Terrorism is almost as old as civilisation. However, unlike in the past, today’s terrorists use violence on an unprecedented scale. Terrorism in many cases shows its regional specificity, varying according to the cultural and civilisation area in which it occurs. Reasons for resorting to terrorist methods may be a need for freedom, protection of one’s heritage, sense of harm done by the occupier, a need to express dissatisfaction with the political system or changes being made, or, finally, a mere desire to draw attention to the problems of countries and societies that have not yet been noticed or have been ignored by public opinion. Religion is also a frequent reason for resorting to terrorism. Contemporary terrorism is represented mainly by extremist Islamic fundamentalism and is based on the clash of two cultures. It is a global threat, and anyone can become its potential victim today. Numerous signals of the emergence of new, hitherto unknown organisations prove that in the future, unfortunately, the escalation of the phenomenon will have to be taken into account.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2019, 11(1); 121-132
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contribution of the Police Academy in Szczytno to Counter-terrorist Activities
    Autorzy:
    Zubrzycki, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375013.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    Police
    the Police Academy
    terrorism
    counter-terrorism
    Opis:
    One of the state entities which have the task of preventing and combating terrorism is the Police, while the Police Academy in Szczytno is their intellectual base. It is not only an organisational unit of the Police, but also a higher education institution with legal personality. This status entitles it to teach at different levels of civilian higher education, as well as conduct in-service training for police officers. Education in the area of terrorist threats and counteracting them is aimed, on the one hand, at making the students aware of the scale of such threats and their accurate identification, as well as the ways of responding to them by the state and its institutions, and, on the other hand, at learning specific reflexes that will allow anyone who finds themselves in an area threatened by a terrorist attack to quickly assess the resulting threat and to react immediately. The goals set in this way are reflected in the employment structure of the academy, which includes specialist organisational units, and among the scientific and teaching staff are experts, including practitioners, who in the past carried out the tasks of the state at different levels of the system for counteracting terrorist threats. They systematically participate in scientific undertakings, including research projects, scientific conferences and publication work, participate in the work of expert teams, both national and international, and cooperate extensively with external entities. The result of their multidimensional activities is shaping and deepening social awareness of terrorist threats and desired attitudes towards them, as well as appropriate preparation of police officers, but also other services, to safely perform tasks related to the elimination of terrorist threats.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2020, Special Issue; 101-116
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Terroryzm w imię islamskiego dżihadu
    Terrorism in the name of islamic jihad
    Autorzy:
    Zubrzycki, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891075.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-10
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    religia
    islam
    dżihad
    przemoc
    terroryzm
    religion
    Islam
    jihad
    violence
    terrorism
    Opis:
    Wśród wyznawców islamu powstało fanatyczne pojęcie idei, według której każdy, kto wyznaje inną religię jest wrogiem. Opiera się ona na przeświadczeniu, że osoby te błądzą, dopóki nie znajdą prawdziwej, duchowej więzi z Allahem. Do pięciu filarów wiary muzułmanie często dodają szósty, w postaci dżihadu, rozumianego jako wezwanie do bezkompromisowej wojny z niewiernymi, potwierdzone nakazami Boga. Te właśnie nakazy usprawiedliwiają krwawe działania terrorystów, podkreślając agresywność dżihadu i jego militarny charakter. W połączeniu z antyzachodnią postawą stanowi on ogromne zagrożenie dla całego świata, zwłaszcza, że znakomita większość organizacji terrorystycznych to aktualnie ugrupowania islamskie.
    Among the fanatical followers of Islam, the notion of the idea, according to which anyone who professes another religion is the enemy, was established. It is based on the conviction that these people wander until they find true spiritual bond with Allah. For the five pillars of the faith, Muslims often add sixth, in the form of jihad, understood as a call for an uncompromised war against the infidels, confirmed by the dictates of God. These precepts justify the bloody terrorist actions, emphasizing aggressiveness of jihad and its military character. In combination with the anti-Western attitude it is a huge threat to the whole world, especially since the vast majority of terrorist organizations is currently the Islamic groups.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 24; 212-226
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM IN ISLAM
    Autorzy:
    Waldemar, Zubrzycki,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891254.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-13
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    religion
    Islam
    Koran
    fundamentalism
    terrorism
    Opis:
    Fundamentalism characterizes all religions in the world, but in the case of Islam – in recent times – it most often causes the use of terrorist methods. The dogmas of that religion defines the Koran, according to which Islam is based on five pillars of faith, which are also fundamental duties of every Muslim. A feature of Islamic fundamentalism is the introduction of the principles of life, based on traditional patterns recorded in the Koran, regulating social and political spheres, as well as the separation of the Western way of life. Its causes are frustration and social discontent, combined with the rejection of modernity and the changes proposed by the West. The proclamation of position of fight against injustice and demoralization in the name of creating a “better world”, in conjunction with its own interpretation of the provisions of the Koran, results in promoting activities generally considered unacceptable.
    Źródło:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2016, 23; 286-299
    2299-4033
    Pojawia się w:
    Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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