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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Space Security Policy in Japan and Poland
    Autorzy:
    Polkowska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991238.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-02
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    space security
    legislation
    policy
    Space Situational Awareness
    strategy
    Opis:
    This article refers to the Space security legislation in Japan and Poland. Both states have already prepared some legislation on Security in Space- the question is the following- if there is still a need of progress and if those presented legislation are sufficient for the practical purposes of the peaceful uses of Outer Space. Japan is a much more experienced state in using space than Poland; the same seems with the legislation. Poland as less experienced state in this matter has lots of ambitions to create the efficient legislation on Space security, so it must follow the good examples of states and institution in this matter. One of them is Japan. On the other state, Poland as a Member of EU must implement the European law in space security (in particular SSA), which seems to be priceless and efficient for the international cooperation in Space.
    Źródło:
    Cybersecurity and Law; 2019, 2, 2; 75-100
    2658-1493
    Pojawia się w:
    Cybersecurity and Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    International security and outer space – today’s law challenges
    Autorzy:
    Polkowska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899369.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    space security
    Space Situational Awareness SSA
    code of conduct in space
    space traffic management
    space debris
    Opis:
    Space security means safe and permanent access to space and limiting threats coming from there. This definition also includes the security aspects of man-made devices sent into space and of ground stations. Space infrastructure can be described as a network of space and ground systems connected by communication channels and allowing access to space. Today, the largest space powers have begun to consider space as an operational domain of warfare. Space more and more often appears to be a field for competition, which might become an arena of conflict. The aim of this article is to present today’s many law challenges to the security of space infrastructure, such as unintentional threats (space debris, geomagnetic and solar storms, and other random disturbances), intentional threats (ASAT anti-satellite weapons, malicious interference, and cyber-attacks), the growing problems of Earth orbit congestion, and the increasing amount of space debris from devices launched into space. The article also presents the role of international organizations (such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer space) in making laws that are intended to observe and react to all changes necessary in the outer space environment and to be proactive to help outer space to be safe and secure for all mankind. The conclusion is, however, not optimistic. Space security is a sensitive issue, mainly during conflicts or wars. States are not inclined to bind themselves by international law in this matter. Thus, due to the absence of hard international law (treaties), bilateral and multilateral agreements as well as the best practices from countries that organize space flights must apply. Space monitoring systems, such as the Situational Awareness System (SSA), the code of conduct in space, the UN Long Term Sustainability, or the space Traffic Management rules are legal tools to manage the above challenges in space today.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2023, 97; 126-142
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Global Space Security and Counter-space Capabilities: the Legal and Political Challenges
    Autorzy:
    Polkowska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684857.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    space security
    counterspace
    space weapon
    Space Situational Awareness
    Opis:
    This article undertakes a very sensitive issue: space security and counterspace capabilities and arms control. Those issues come under the sovereignty of each state and are strictly connected to national defense and policy. Counterspace, also known as space control, is the set of capabilities or techniques that are used to gain space superiority. Space superi-ority is the ability to use space for one`s own purposes while denying it to an adversary. These issues are so important now in the era of fast-growing state activities in space and under such a big dependence on space. Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are a subset of offensive counterspace capabilities, although the satellite itself is only one part of the system that can be attacked. That is the reason why protecting space infrastructure, in the absence of stabilized international space control cooperation and difficulties in reaching an agreement on PPWT treaty and lack of progress of international space law in this matter, is crucial by building the Space Situational Awareness system. Collaboration of states in this matter seems to be a priority.
    Źródło:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 9; 101-120
    2450-0976
    Pojawia się w:
    Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Space Defense in Europe. Policy and Security Aspects
    Autorzy:
    Polkowska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    space
    defense
    space capabilities
    space security
    Space Situational Awareness
    Opis:
    Today countries participating in space activities, share serious concerns about militarization of space. The defense of space can become an important issue in the international arena, because counteracting emerging threats will probably be associated not only with the development of technology and operational capabilities, but also with the creation of political alliances or attempts at international agreement on certain “rules of the game” for space operations. Ultimately, the growing importance of “space for defense” creates the need for “defense of space”. Individual countries remain the main actors in the field of space defense. Military strategies are defined at national level, and the development and exploitation of military space assets are managed by national organizations. Today, most European countries recognize space as a strategic area, next to land, sea, air and, increasingly, cyberspace, but they have adopted different policies and doctrines depending on their sensitivity, priorities and concerns. European space forces also have different governance structures with significant differences in the distribution of roles and responsibilities, including space agencies and private entities.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 2 (49); 127-139
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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