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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Child safety in a car during a frontal collision
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241889.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    child safety
    booster seat
    Opis:
    Road accidents with participation of the children are of particular nature. According to surveys, the older children at the age of 8-12 years are often transported in cars in a wrong way. They are usually fastened with seat belts designed for adult passengers. In order to make the seat belts safe for a child, they should be used together with a booster cushion or a high back booster seat. This paper presents the test results and analysis of dynamic loads affecting a child in the back seat of a passenger car during a frontal collision. The car body was accelerated to a speed of about 48 km/h and then it was suddenly stopped in a time of about 100 ms. The analysis was carried out on the basis of results of experimental tests performed at the collision station in the Automotive Industry Institute in Warsaw. The attention was paid to the influence of protection device type on the P10 dummy, representing a child at the age of about 10 years. Three child protection options during a collision were considered: the dummy was sitting directly in a car seat, on a booster cushion and on a seat. The dummy was fastened with standard seat belts. Evaluation of the protection device influence on the dummy loads was given in association with the operation of the seat belts. During evaluation, the indexes of biomechanical resistance of a human body to the impact load effects were used. They made the basis for the evaluation of the child injury severity risk.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 395-402
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of displacement of a concrete barrier on impact of a vehicle. theoretical model and experimental validation
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road transport
    road safety
    roadside crash
    concrete barrier
    safety barriers
    Opis:
    A vehicle hitting a traffic barrier creates a major threat to traffic safety as a result of displacement of components of the barrier by the forces transferred from the vehicle. We built a theoretical model of the dynamics of such processes and behaviour of concrete barriers set on various types of surfaces. We calculated the displacement as a function of vehicle impact energy and barrier base. We completed analytical approximation for our calculations and we referred the theoretical results to experimental test results. This validated our model of barrier and vehicle movement dynamics as fully qualified for use in the planning of safer barriers and evaluation of barrier effect on traffic. Basing on our calculations, we determined that a second-order polynomial can be used for describing the lateral displacement of a barrier placed on various types of surfaces for a wide range of impact energies (actually, from O to 120 kJ). The courses of the approximating function represent an efficient model for determining the maximum lateral displacement of a concrete barrier on impact of a B or C segment vehicle.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 399-406
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of the influence of the rear seat passenger position on the kinematics and dynamic loads on a torso and legs during a road accident
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.,
    Żuchowski, A,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    rear seat
    Opis:
    The analysis carried out by the authors indicates high threat to the rear seat passengers in passenger cars during a road accident. Vehicle designers indicate potential threats for passengers when they take a position in a car which is unexpected by a manufacturer of passive protection systems. Based on that, the tests were prepared in order to consider several different positions of a rear seat passenger. In particular, attention was paid to a threat to passengers when they take a position unexpected by a manufacturer of the passive protection systems in a car. Indicating and justifying a need to adjust the operation of the individual protection means to a passenger anatomy and current passenger position in a car in order to optimize his protection makes an important aim of these tests. This paper presents the results of the tests performed with a Hybrid III dummy, size M50, placed in three different positions in the back seat of a car. During each test, a series of physical values were measured and the motion of a dummy against the car body and the car interior components were filmed. The effects resulting from a change of a passenger’s position, observed on the courses of dynamic loads occurring during an accident, were analysed. Despite of small changes to a passenger’s position, their significant influence on the dummy movement during a frontal collision of a car and an obstacle was observed.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 335-342
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars in frontal impact
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246867.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    rear seat
    Opis:
    The dynamic loads acting on a human body during a road accident may cause bodily injuries. They are dependent not only on the car structure and applied means of individual protection but also on the anthropometric features of a human body and its location in car. The safety of the car occupants on the rear seats in the passenger cars has been treated as a secondary issue so far. The achieved stage of the structure of that equipment for the rear seat occupants makes an important confirmation of that state. Usually there is no adjustment of the seat belt fixing point position, seat belt pretensioners, seat adjustment. This paper considers the risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars on the basis of analysis of dynamic loads that can affect them during the road accident. The attention was paid to the adults and children aged about 10 years. The dynamic loads were analysed with making use of experimental results of frontal flat barrier impact. During the tests, the passengers are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front and the rear seats. In the evaluation used the criteria of the biomechanical human body resistance to the impact load effect. The attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries. The analysis of the laboratory impact tests was preceded by the assessment of risk of injury of the front and rear seat passengers in the real road accidents, which has been prepared based on the literature data.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 507-518
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the influence of passenger position in a car on a risk of injuries during a car accident
    Analiza wpływu pozycji człowieka w samochodzie na ryzyko obrażeń w czasie wypadku drogowego
    Autorzy:
    Prochowski, L.
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366025.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
    Tematy:
    road transport
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    transport drogowy
    testy zderzeniowe
    bezpieczeństwo pasażerów
    Opis:
    Experimental tests have been prepared and carried out in order to deepen the analysis of the influence of a position of a rear seat passenger in a passenger car on a risk of injuries during a road accident. This risk is considered and calculated in the aspect of a car passenger position that slightly deviates from the one planned by manufacturers of individual protection devices. Attention was focused on the analysis of measurable effects of the position modification in the area of torso and head movement and neck deformation. The experimental tests included a physical simulation of a frontal collision of a car and a rigid obstacle. They showed that relatively small changes to the initial dummy position could be a reason of significant differences in the movement trajectory and dummy position at the final stage of the crash test. These differences are described in details. The analysis also included the criteria index values that refer to the head, neck and chest injuries. Index calculation results confirm the influence of a small change to the leg and torso position on the index values, thus on the probability of injuries of the rear seat passengers in a passenger car.
    Przygotowano i przeprowadzono badania eksperymentalne, które mają na celu pogłębienie analizy wpływu pozycji osoby siedzącej na tylnym siedzeniu w samochodzie osobowym na ryzyko jej obrażeń w czasie wypadku drogowego. Ryzyko to jest rozważane i obliczone w aspekcie zajmowania przez człowieka w samochodzie pozycji nieznacznie odbiegającej od zaplanowanej przez producentów urządzeń ochrony indywidualnej. Uwagę skupiono na analizie wymiernych skutków zmiany tej pozycji w obszarze ruchu torsu i głowy oraz odkształcenia szyi. Badania eksperymentalne były symulacją fizyczną czołowego uderzenia samochodu w sztywną przeszkodę. Pokazały one, że stosunkowo niewielkie różnice w początkowej pozycji manekina mogą być przyczyną znacznych różnic w trajektorii ruchu oraz położeniu manekina w kulminacyjnej fazie testu zderzeniowego. Różnice te zostały szczegółowo opisane. Analizie poddano także wartości wskaźników kryterialnych, które dotyczą powstawania obrażeń głowy, szyi i klatki piersiowej. Wyniki obliczeń wskaźników potwierdzają wpływ już niewielkiej zmiany położenia nóg i torsu na ich wartości, a zatem na prawdopodobieństwo powstawania obrażeń u osób jadących na tylnych siedzeniach samochodu osobowego.
    Źródło:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2014, 16, 3; 360-366
    1507-2711
    Pojawia się w:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Results of the crash tests of electric cars
    Autorzy:
    Żuchowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    vehicle safety
    crash tests
    safety of passengers
    electric vehicles
    transport drogowy
    bezpieczeństwo pojazdu
    testy zderzeniowe
    bezpieczeństwo pasażerów
    pojazdy elektryczne
    Opis:
    The work presents the results of crash tests carried out with six electrical car models (from 2012-2013), with the weight of 1200-2300 kg (Smart Electric Driver, Mitsubishi IMiEV, Nissan Leaf, CODA, Ford Focus BEV, Tesla Model S). The results were published on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), and the tests involved a car travelling at the speed of 56 km/h, hitting frontally into a non-deformable (stiff) barrier, positioned perpendicularly to the car’s direction of movement. Particular attention was paid to the deformation of the car after hitting the barrier, so-called stiffness characteristics of the frontal crumple zone, and to the loads on the dummies placed at the driver’s and passenger’s seat (Hybrid III, a 50-centile man and a 5-centile woman). Results of the tests with electric cars were compared with the results of the tests with over a hundred of combustion engine cars with similar weight and type of car body (sedan, hatchback). The tests proved that, in the majority of electrical cars tested, the deformation of the frontal crumple zone after hitting an obstacle is larger than in case of similar cars with internal combustion engine. Because of that, the dynamic loads on the occupants of the vehicle tend to be smaller, as indicated by measured loads on the heads and chests of the dummies. The results may suggest that the frontal crumple zone may be better constructed in the case of electric cars, while the design possibilities regarding that area are limited in standard cars due to the combustion engine, which is not deformed during the accident, which makes it more difficult for the energy of the crash to dissipate.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 483-490
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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