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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Ograniczanie emisyjności pojazdów w transporcie drogowym. Pojazdy hybrydowe i elektryczne w Polsce – perspektywy i bariery rozwoju
    Limiting emission from road transport. Hybrid and electric vehicles in Poland – perspectives and barriers for market development
    Autorzy:
    Krzak, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    air pollution
    emission standards
    electric car
    Opis:
    In this paper the author addresses the issue of road transport in the context of its environmental impact. The article discusses the issue of air pollution from motor vehicle emissions and various methods of tackling this problem. The first section provides an overview of the most important data related to air pollution caused by road transport and the main EU regulations concerning vehicle emission standards. The second section of the article is devoted to barriers that hinder the growth of the hybrid and electric vehicle market. This analysis is carried out on the basis of the vehicle market conditions in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Studia BAS; 2012, 1(29); 161-184
    2080-2404
    2082-0658
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia BAS
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advantages of using hybrid vehicles based on empirical studies on the chassis dynamometer in the WLTC test
    Autorzy:
    Gis, M.
    Lasocki, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    hybrid powertrain
    air pollution
    exhausts emission
    Opis:
    Vehicles powered in alternative ways have an increasing share in the car market. Their use is becoming more and more justified considering the ever more stringent standards for the emission of harmful substances from the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and the introduction of restrictions on vehicle traffic in city centres. The possibility of using in the propulsion systems only an electric motor or its simultaneous use with the internal combustion engine enables a significant reduction of emission of harmful exhaust gas pollutants. This applies in particular to urban areas, where there are numerous exceedances of acceptable air quality standards. This problem is most noticeable in larger cities in Poland, where there is a lot of traffic. It is therefore legitimate to promote alternative vehicles powered in alternative ways. Their dual power system gives the opportunity to significantly reduce the emission of harmful substances. Therefore, the article presents own research, carried out on a chassis dynamometer, using two passenger cars, one with a spark-ignition combustion engine and the second with a hybrid drive system containing a spark-ignition engine and an electric motor (system without the possibility of recharging batteries from external sources). Vehicles were characterized by similar mass and the same displacement volumes of internal combustion engines. The results of the tests made it possible to compare cars in terms of exhaust emissions. For testing purposes, a chassis dynamometer was used, on which the WLTC homologation cycle was repeatedly reproduced. This is a new driving cycle, which replaces the NEDC cycle used so far in the type approval procedure in the European Union.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 103-109
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation methods of the impact of motorization on the quality of the atmospheric air
    Autorzy:
    Skrętowicz, M.
    Sitnik, L.
    Każmierczak, A.
    Magdziarz-Tokłowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    vehicle
    exhaust emission
    ecology
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    Opis:
    The automotive industry is one of the fastest developing branches in the world. From year to year on the roads appear more and more cars. In the modern vehicles, better and more efficient technologies reducing exhaust emission are applied. However, the cars are still the leading source of air pollution, especially in towns and cities. Car exhaust gases have adverse effect on the human health, because they form so-called “low emission”. It means that they are released into the troposphere at the people living height. As a result, people are exposed to the direct and long-lasting contact with the fumes. Therefore, precise assessment is very important to the vehicles’ impact on the quality of the atmospheric air. The review of the evaluation methods of the impact of vehicles on the air quality was presented in the paper, with special regard to the mathematical dispersion modelling of the exhaust gases. In particular, NOx emission by sector in Poland, changing NOx emissions from road transport in Poland in the years 2000-2009 with regard to the change in the number of cars, vertical cross-section of a typical symmetric urban street canyon are presented in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 445-452
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exhaust emission from vehicles under real road traffic conditions - a new chance for PTI
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Gis, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244862.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environment protection
    Opis:
    The paper presents regulations and methods of testing emissions of exhaust toxic components from vehicles, particularly with respect to research methods under real road traffic conditions. In Europe, legal regulations determine emission values of the exhaust toxic components: carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons HC and hydrocarbons released by evaporation (VOC - Volatile Organic Compound), nitrogen oxides NOx, and also PM emitted with the exhaust gasses. Emission of the harmful substances from the vehicles is tested on the chassis dynamometer, and the combustion engines them, on engine test bench. Due to a high cost of the test equipment and complexity of the tests, it is possible to use one measuring system, for both types of stands. Basic EU Directives and UN-ECE Regulations contain rules on conducting the aforementioned tests together with the regulations for the measuring equipment. In the beginning of 2005 in Europe the introduction of a new set of regulations began be introduced, concerning emissions from the M1 and N1 category vehicles. They are called Euro IV (currently obligatory) and Euro V (introduced in 2008). New regulations introduced not only more stringent requirements for the vehicles they refer to, but also for the research laboratories as far as the equipment level and research methods are concerned. Compliance with these requirements is being verified during type approval of vehicles, conformity of production (COP), and in-service conformity.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 321-330
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A generalized method for assessing emissions from road and air transport on the example of Warsaw Chopin Airport
    Autorzy:
    Wasiak, Mariusz, Jacek
    Niculescu, Adrian Ioan
    Kowalski, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    transport drogowy
    transport lotniczy
    emisja hałasu
    zanieczyszczenie powietrza
    koszt zewnętrzny
    Lotnisko Chopina
    road transport
    air transport
    noise emission
    air pollution
    external cost
    Warsaw Chopin Airport
    Opis:
    The article presents a method for assessing emissions of harmful substances and noise from road and air transport, as well as a combined assessment of the emissions of these transport pollutants. The original analytical dependencies reflecting the emissions of harmful substances from road transport, developed as part of the EMITRANSYS project implemented at the Faculty of Transport of the Warsaw University of Technology, were taken into consideration, in which the unit values of the actual road emissions of harmful substances are a function of, among other things, route length or speed of the vehicles. However, the dependencies associated with noise emissions were taken from the applicable international guidelines for assessing environmental pollution by traffic noise. The article also describes a case study in which the impact of Warsaw Chopin Airport on noise along the Warsaw road network and the entire Warsaw agglomeration was assessed. Analyses and discussions were carried out in the scope of the change in transport noise due to air operations carried out in the analysed area. As agreed, the combined impact of road and aircraft noise in the area under study is far more unfavourable than street noise alone. Thus, it can be seen that the assessment of noise levels carried out separately for individual modes of transport (in accordance with applicable regulations) should be supplemented with the assessment of traffic noise from all modes of transport – especially in the case of simulation tests of ecologically friendly changes in the area of transport.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Civil Engineering; 2020, 66, 2; 399-419
    1230-2945
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Civil Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kierunek wiatru jako czynnik determinujacy poziom imisji tlenku i ditlenku azotu
    Autorzy:
    Warminski, K
    Rogalski, L
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/806575.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    monitoring zanieczyszczen
    tlenek azotu
    zanieczyszczenia komunikacyjne
    transport drogowy
    wiatry
    zanieczyszczenia powietrza
    dwutlenek azotu
    emisja zanieczyszczen
    Olsztyn-Kortowo
    kierunek wiatru
    pollution monitoring
    nitrogen dioxide
    traffic pollutant
    road transport
    wind
    air pollutant
    pollutant emission
    Olsztyn city
    wind direction
    Opis:
    Głównym źródłem NOₓ (NO i NO₂) jest działalność człowieka (energetyka, transport), a w mniejszym stopniu procesy naturalne. Tlenek azotu powstaje w wysokich temperaturach, głównie w procesach spalania paliw. W atmosferze ulega on utlenianiu ozonem lub tlenem atmosferycznym do ditlenku azotu, a następnie do azotanów. Badania wykonano w okresie od 10.02. do 31.12.2005 r. wykorzystując stację monitoringu imisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza w Kortowie. Ciągły pomiar stężenia NO i NO₂ wykonywano analizatorem chemiluminescencyjnym MLU 200E (API-Teledyne, Inc. USA; dolny próg wykrywalności 0,4 ppb), a parametrów meteorologicznych zestawem firmy Laboratori di Strumentazione Industriale s.p.a. (Włochy). Największe stężenia NO₂ (rzędu 12 µg·m⁻³) w miesiącach zimowych notowano w przypadku wiatrów wiejących z kierunku lokalizacji niskiej emisji (kilka osiedli z paleniskami domowymi), natomiast w miesiącach letnich (6-7 µg·m⁻³) z centrum Olsztyna i najbliższej ulicy o znacznym ruchu samochodowym. Odmiennie kształtował się poziom NO w zależności od kierunku wiatru. W okresie zimowym nieutleniony jeszcze NO napływał z kierunku pobliskiej arterii komunikacyjnej oraz najbliższego osiedla domów jednorodzinnych. Z kolei latem prawie wyłącznie ze źródeł komunikacyjnych.
    The main source of NOₓ (NO i NO₂) is human activity (power engineering, transport). Natural processes play a much less important role. Nitrig oxide is produced at high temperatures, mainly during fuel combustion. In the atmosphere it is oxidized with ozone or atmospheric oxygen to nitrogen dioxide, and next to nitrates. The experiment was conducted over a period from February 10 to December 31, 2005, using data provided by the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station in Kortowo. Continuous measurement of the concentrations of NO and NO₂ was performed with a chemiluminescent analyzer MLU 200E (API-Teledyne, Inc. USA; lower detectable limit 0.4 ppb). Meteorological parameters were determined using a system manufactured by LSI s.p.a. (Italy). In the winter months the highest NO₂ concentration (approximately 12 µg·m⁻³) was recorded when the wind was blowing from the direction of a low emission location (several housing estates with domestic furnaces), whereas in the summer months (6-7 µg·m⁻³) - when the wind was blowing from the city center and the nearest street characterized by a high traffic density. The relationship between the NO level and the wind direction differed. In winter non-oxidized NO came from the nearby traffic artery and an estate of detached houses, while in summer - almost entirely from traffic pollutant sources.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2006, 513; 517-525
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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