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Tytuł:
Assessment of risk perception connected with exposure to indoor air pollution in the group of inhabitants of Silesian Voivodeship
Ocena percepcji zagrożeń związanych z narażeniem na zanieczyszczenie powietrza wnętrz w grupie mieszkańców województwa śląskiego
Autorzy:
Krupa, Karolina
Piekut, Agata
Złotkowska, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
health risk
indoor air pollution
risk perception
Opis:
Introduction. Population increasingly draws attention to the issues concerning the environment degraded by the progress of civilization and the impact of this process on health. However, public awareness of the risk exposure to indoor contaminants is lagging a long way behind knowledge regarding outdoor environmental hazards. The aim of the study was to assess the risk perception related to exposure to indoor environmental factors in the population of Silesia. Materials and methods. In this study the electronic version of a questionnaire survey – downloaded on the website www.moja-ankiety.pl. was used. During the 3-months duration of the project 552 subjects participated in the survey. In the study participated the Silesian Voivodeship inhabitants such as chat rooms users, newsgroups and online forum participants. Data analysis was performed by using statistical program – STATA Version 8 SE [9], where the Kruskall-Wallis test and χ 2 test were applied. Statistical significance was assessed at p value *0.05. Results. Despite the low perception of environmental health hazards inside the dwellings, the majority of respondents were able to indentify health effects and ways to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution. Both gender, place of residence, education level and age significantly affected the level of perception of respondents on the risk connected with exposure to indoor air pollution. Conclusion. It is necessary to continuously work on raising public awareness of environmental health hazards in confined spaces, the causes of their occurrence, types, effects and above all the ways to counter these threats.
Wstęp. Populacja mieszkańców zwraca coraz większą uwagę na kwestie związane z degradacją środowiska w wyniku postępu cywilizacyjnego i skutku tego procesu na zdrowie. Jakkolwiek ich świadomość narażenia na zanieczyszczenia wnętrz jest znacznie mniej zaawansowana w stosunku do zagrożeń środowiskowych z zewnątrz. Celem tego badania była ocena ryzyka związanego z narażeniem na czynniki środowiskowe wnętrz u mieszkańców województwa śląskiego. Materiały i metody. W tym badaniu zastosowano ankietę w wersji elektronicznej umieszczonej na stronie internetowej www.moja-ankiety.pl. W czasie trzymiesięcznych badań udział wzięło 552 uczestników, mieszkańców województwa śląskiego takich jak: użytkownicy czatów, grup dyskusyjnych i forów internetowych. Analiza danych była przeprowadzona przy użyciu programu statystycznego STATA Version 8 SE [9], gdzie zastosowano testy Kruskall-Wallis i χ 2. Istotność statystyczna była oceniona na poziomie wartości p*0,05. Wyniki. Pomimo niskiej percepcji odnośnie zdrowotnych zagrożeń środowiskowych wewnątrz pomieszczeń, większość respondentów była w stanie ocenić skutki zdrowotne i sposoby ograniczenia narażenia na zanieczyszczenia powietrza wnętrz. Zarówno płeć, miejsce zamieszkania, poziom wykształcenia jak i wiek wywierały znaczny wpływ na poziom percepcji respondentów co do ryzyka związanego z narażeniem na zanieczyszczenie powietrza wewnątrz. Wnioski. Koniecznym jest stałe podnoszenie społecznej świadomości dotyczącej środowiskowych zagrożeń zdrowia w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych, przyczyn ich powstawania, rodzajów, skutków i przede wszystkim sposobów zwalczania tych zagrożeń.
Źródło:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine; 2012, 15, 3; 46-54
1505-7054
2084-6312
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Multidimensional Approach to Modelling for Workplace Risk Assessment
Autorzy:
Targoutzidis, A.
Antonopoulou, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
human error
risk perception
accident models
risk assessment
Opis:
This paper aims to help enhance the process of risk identification and assessment in small enterprises by facilitating the incorporation of insights from accident, human error and risk perception models. This effort takes place through grouping and classification models of all these aspects according to certain criteria, to fit the proper set of models to each situation. To further facilitate the process, the main guidelines of each model are presented. The whole approach is not a new theoretical model but a simplified presentation to help safety engineers in selecting the proper model for the workplace to better assess its risks. An example of the application of this approach is also presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2009, 15, 4; 373-384
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The relative input of payoffs and probabilities into risk judgment
Autorzy:
Michalaszek, Agata
Sokolowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
risk perception
risk judgment
holistic judgment
dimensional model
Opis:
The study was designed to investigate the relative input of payoffs and probabilities into risk judgment on the basis of the analysis of information search pattern. The modified version of MouselabWeb software (http://www.mouselabweb.org) was used as an investigative tool. The amount, the kind and the order of information accessed by subjects to evaluate risk was collected from ordinary respondents and respondents trained in mathematics and statistics. In the latter group were 75 students and young researchers working at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The ordinary subjects were 67 Polish students of social sciences. As expected, the NASA group considered more information than ordinary students and searched for more information about probabilities. However, the ratio of information about payoffs to probabilities was close to 1 in both groups. Moreover, average risk rates were similar in both groups. It was also observed that risk rates were positively related with the amount of information about probabilities considered by subjects.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 2; 46-51
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk perception and political alienism: Political discourse on the future of nuclear energy in Hungary
Autorzy:
Sarlós, Gábor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/470914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
nuclear energy
power relations
risk perception
discourse analysis
Opis:
Th is article analyzes political narratives of the discourse on the future use of nuclear energy in Hungary. In light of the January 2014 parliamentary decision to expand Hungarian nuclear energy production capacity with Russian technology and fi nancing, the article examines parliamentary addresses of the period 2010–2013 to identify and interpret characteristics and changes in nuclear narratives of parliamentary parties and the government. Th e content analysis includes identifi cation of framing, characteristics of choice of language, realization of risk and of benefi t oriented speaking patterns, and the assessment of power relations between the political actors. Th e article argues that the nuclear communication strategies of political parties show distinct approaches: full f ront approach to include nuclear aspects of all possible issues, avoidance that attempts not taking sides in this issue, and re-direction that, within the nuclear framing, places a focus on other aspects with the purpose to re-defi ne the dominant framing and to rule the discourse. Risk awareness patterns range from comprehensive to occasional, selective and latent risk perception structures. Th e Risk Perception Index, comprehending levels of risk and benefi t perception, can serve as a model to measure, in numeric terms, the support or critique of the nuclear agenda.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2015, 8, 1(14); 93-111
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Significant predictors of psychological distress in the group of Polish young adults during the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak: Sequential mediation model
Autorzy:
Mirucka, Beata
Bielecka, Urszula
Mirucka, Maria
Kępińska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
coronavirus
psychological distress
state anxiety
risk perception
young adults
Opis:
The study was conducted to identify significant predictors of psychological distress in the group of young Polish adults during COVID-19 epidemic outbreak. The web-based cross-sectional survey was applied to 975 Polish respondents (755 female, 77.44%) aged 18-35 years. They were divided into two age groups: younger (18-25) and older (25-35). All participants completed: General Functioning Questionnaire (GFQ), COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale (C-RPS), State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and General Sense of Threat to Life Scale (GSTLS). The Polish adults aged 18-25 years manifested significantly higher psychological distress, state anxiety, and a sense of threat to life, but they perceived less risk in COVID-19 epidemic compared to older participants. Risk perception and a sense of threat to life were indirectly related to state anxiety and psychological distress. Significant predictors of psychological distress in the group of young adult Poles during the COVID-19 epidemic are: state anxiety, risk perception, and a sense of threat to life, where risk perception and a sense of threat to life mediate the relation between state anxiety and psychological distress.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2021, 52, 3; 289-298
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hazard Awareness of Construction Site Dumper Drivers
Autorzy:
Bohm, J.
Harris, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
mental models
hazard awareness
risk perception
construction site dumper accidents
Opis:
In UK’s construction industry, site dumpers cause more serious accidents than in any other type of construction plant. Previous research has indicated that driver behaviour plays a pivotal role in the vast majority of these accidents. Using a mental models-based approach, 20 dumper drivers were interviewed with regard to the process by which several typical types of accident occurred. It was found that drivers were generally well-informed about the hazards of driving dumpers on a construction site. However, the findings also exposed some critical knowledge gaps, which could increase a driver’s chances of an accident. Educational material relating to these knowledge deficiencies could easily be prepared and incorporated into revised construction information leaflets or driver training courses.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 3; 363-373
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perception of risk and risk-taking among the lucky and the luckless
Autorzy:
Kolemba, Marcin
Maciuszek, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
luck
bad luck
risk taking
risk perception
counter-factual thinking
Opis:
The experience of good fortune and misfortune often reveals itself in the context of risk. We posed the question of whether there are differences between the lucky and the unlucky in perceiving and undertaking risky behaviours, and if these differences constitute predictors of good or ill fortune. A range of instruments were applied in the research to examine groups of lucky and unlucky individuals in respect of their propensity for taking risk, attitudes towards the risk occurring in various domains, the functions of risky behaviours and manner of taking risky decisions depending on the adopted perspective. The research results indicate a number of differences between the differentiated groups. It occurred that the lucky have a greater tendency than the unlucky to take risks, especially in the social and financial (investment) domains; they prefer instrumental risk; and they are more flexible in applying perspectives for potential outcomes when making risky decisions. We conclude that the results received can be interpreted in the context of predictors of good and bad luck.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 3; 358-370
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Motives in Online Shopping through Digital Platforms in Textile: Risk Perception and Purchase Intention
Autorzy:
Turhan, Gülden
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
Tematy:
online shopping motivation
digital platform
textile
risk perception
purchase intention
Opis:
This study aims to provide a great deal of insight into how risk perception and purchase intention differ for the consumer with different online shopping motives. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 359 voluntary consumers aged 18-28 living in Istanbul. 14 motives leading them to online shopping through digital platforms for textile products were defined with the Focus group technique. First, clustering analysis was conducted to define consumers according to the guiding motives in online shopping. Next, whether the consumer segments identified by these motives have different levels of risk perception and purchase intention was investigated via ANOVA analysis.
Źródło:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2022, 5 (151); 1--7
1230-3666
2300-7354
Pojawia się w:
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Perception and Risk Attitude on a Tax Evasion Context
Autorzy:
Magessi, Nuno Trindade
Antunes, Luis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
tax evasion
risk attitude
risk perception
multi-agent-based simulation
Opis:
When considering tax reporting, taxpayers have an individual attitude towards the risk of being caught evading taxes by the tax authorities. This attitude is interdependent with how this inherent risk is perceived. We propose to analyse this phenomenon through a risk perspective by adding a risk attitude and corresponding perceived probability of being caught evading. In this paper, we study the dynamics of tax evasion under risk perception and attitude, and the consequent propensity of imitators to evade or to comply. Under this proposal, we conduct our experiments through a multi-agent based simulation. Simulation results suggest first that the risk attitude, in conjunction with perceived risk and its consequences are the main reasons to guarantee a low level of tax evasion. Secondly, results also demonstrate a non-linear impact of tax rate, investment interest rate and fines which is especially interesting and non-intuitive.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2015, 3; 127-149
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behavior of Construction Site Dumper Drivers
Autorzy:
Bohm, J.
Harris, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
risk perception
hazard awareness
construction site dumper
construction site safety
accidents
Opis:
In the UK construction site dumpers cause more serious accidents than any other type of construction plant. Previous research has indicated that driver behavior plays a pivotal role in the vast majority of these accidents. This study used a paired comparison technique to explore dumper drivers’ and subject matter experts’ (SMEs’) risk perception and its relationship to risk-taking behavior. It was found that driver risk perception significantly differed from measures of “objective risk”, derived from accident data and also from SMEs’ risk perception. Furthermore, drivers still engaged in undertaking perceived high risk behaviors. The results suggest that driver risk perception was linked to the “perceived dread” of an accident, rather than its likelihood and that risk-taking behavior was often driven by situational factors, such as site safety rules or the behavior of other personnel on the site, together with an overarching culture that prioritizes production over safety.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2010, 16, 1; 55-67
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ethnic background and risk perception in construction workers: development and validation of an exploratory tool
Autorzy:
Ricci, Federico
Modenese, Alberto
Bravo, Giulia
De Pasquale, Fabrizio
Ferrari, Davide
Bello, Massimo
Carozza, Lorenzo
Longhi, Francesca
Favero, Gianluca
Soddu, Sergio
Gobba, Fabriziomaria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-13
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
migrant workers
risk perception
occupational risk
occupational injuries
construction workers
safety culture
Opis:
ObjectivesAmong occupational sectors, construction is still one of the branches with the highest reported numbers of work-related injuries and diseases, which can even lead to death and in many cases induce permanent health consequences. The vast majority of these occupational injuries and diseases are preventable; accordingly, an improvement in preventive strategies, also through a better knowledge of the main factors involved in these events, is one of the most important objectives for better occupational health and safety in the construction sector. Considering the individual factors associated with a higher risk of work-related adverse health effects in workers, an inadequate perception of occupational risks is among the most relevant issues. Risk perception can vary according to different cultural backgrounds, highly influenced by ethnicity, and it affects the relations between workers in the work environment, and the way by with they undergo the specific occupational tasks and manage risky situations frequently occurring on construction sites. Accordingly, the aim of the authors was to develop a new tool for the assessment of risk perception in construction workers with different ethnic backgrounds.Material and MethodsA team of health and safety experts involved in the training of construction workers from various ethnic backgrounds and in different regions of Italy developed and validated a questionnaire-based tool for the evaluation of their risk perception. Furthermore, through a factor analysis, a reference model defining various dimensions of occupational risk perception, relevant for the different ethnicities, was identified.ResultsThe final tool included 12 items aimed to assess the associations between the ethnic background and occupational risk perception of construction workers. The authors identified 4 relevant dimensions: behavioral control, work conditions, safety climate and personal attitude.ConclusionsThe proposed tool should be considered to explore the appropriate ways for the development of effective preventive strategies for construction workers with different ethnic backgrounds in Italy.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 163-172
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postrzeganie ryzyka a działania ochronno-prewencyjne podmiotów narażonych na ryzyko
The Connection of the Risk Perception with Protective and Preventive Actions of the Individuals
Autorzy:
Jeziorska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/907257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
risk
risk perception
risk aversion
insurances
ryzyko
percepcja ryzyka
awersja do ryzyka
ubezpieczenia
Opis:
Taking any risky action is connected with the way risk is perceived by the individuals. The influence has also decision-makers’ attitude toward risk. Appropriate perception determines suitable coping with risky situations. Inadequate judgment may cause unsuitable actions in relation to existent danger. The way individuals perceive risk and steer their activities is a key issue for entities bringing new products or services onto the market. This article presents brief survey of researches into factors determining risk perception and affecting decision-makers actions.
Na podjęcie przez podmiot działania obarczonego ryzykiem wpływ ma sposób postrzegania oraz stosunek do ryzyka decydenta. Podkreślić należy zatem, że właściwa percepcja warunkuje odpowiednie radzenie sobie z ryzykiem. Niewłaściwa ocena może prowadzić do działań nieodpowiednich w stosunku do istniejącego zagrożenia. Sposób w jaki podmioty postrzegają ryzyko i ukierunkowują swoje późniejsze działania ma kluczowe znaczenie dla podmiotów wprowadzających na rynek produkty i usługi. Artykuł prezentuje krótki przegląd badań nad czynnikami kształtującymi sposób postrzegania ryzyka i ich wpływem na podejmowane przez podmioty decyzje.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2013, 296
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chemical risk assessment in hospital settings: A comparison of workers perceptions, expert opinions, and occupational hygiene measurements
Autorzy:
Coşkun Beyan, Ayşe
Tuna, Gamze
Emerce, Esra
İşlekel, Gül
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22391038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-14
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational exposure
risk perception
chemical risk
quantitative assessment
health care workers
occupational hygiene measurement
Opis:
Background Harmful chemicals are used in various forms from different sources in hospital settings. The standard gold method in risk control studies still determines exposure by personal or ambient measurements. In the absence of trained personnel, resources, or sufficient time, qualitative methods should be used to assess exposure. This study aims to compare quantitative and qualitative results of chemical risk exposure. Material and Methods Both qualitative (perceptions without monitoring data of the workers and experts) and quantitative perceptions (perceptions with monitoring data) were recorded. Two experts were asked to evaluate exposure intensity in pathology department workers, secretary workers, and cleaning workers. Occupational hygiene measurements were taken based on the occupational health and safety department risk assessment results, expert job analysis, and pilot study measurements. Results While most workers reported feeling highly exposed to chemical risks, the majority of experts reported medium-risk exposures and high-risk exposures. Three occupational hygiene measurements (3/45: 6.6%) exceeded the permissible time-weighted average, and the other results were within the acceptable range. Conclusions There was a significant difference between the estimated exposure and the measured exposure in hospital settings. A correlation was not found between workers’ perceptions of chemical risk exposure and the chemical risk levels measured in this study.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety; 2023, 74, 4; 241-250
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research of risk taking and deviations from rules at an open pit mine in Serbia
Autorzy:
Kirin, Snezana
Miljanovic, Igor
Brzakovic, Miodrag
Trisovic, Natasa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
human factor
risk perception
rules
deviation from rules
czynnik ludzki
postrzeganie ryzyka
zasady
odstępstwo od zasad
Opis:
Introduction/background: The paper pointed out the main elements of the human risk factor procedures shows the complexity of human risk factor management. Aim of the paper: The aim of this paper is to analyze the human risk factor in open pit mining, especially on compliance with safety rules and regulations. Materials and methods: The presented survey, in the form of a questionnaire, was conducted in an open pit coal mine involving 476 mineworkers. The goals were to determine factors with the biggest influence on risk and to create a model for predicting the behavior of mining workers. Results and conclusions: The obtained results indicate that leadership plays an important role in worker behavior. A supportive leadership style results in more responsible employee behavior and a lower probability of deviation to rules and procedures. The result also indicates that the safe behavior of workers is strongly influenced by the difficult to control factor of "life satisfaction". It has also been found that riskier work and longer work experience increases the likelihood of breaking the rules. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results are partly influenced by national culture. Practical implications: The obtained results indicate the need for continuous improvement in the risk management process and the rules and procedures by applying worker feedback.
Źródło:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy; 2020, nr 2; 43-58
1899-6116
Pojawia się w:
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Percepcja i podejmowanie ryzyka u dzieci
Autorzy:
Gawryluk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1198607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
development
risk
decision under risk
probability
risk perception
rozwój
ryzyko
decyzje w warunkach ryzyka
prawdopodobieństwo
percepcja ryzyka
Opis:
W pracy podjęto pytanie, jak wiek wpływa na subiektywną ocenę prawdopodobieństwa oraz na podejmowanie decyzji ryzykownych. Przeprowadzono badanie na 140 osobach w wieku od 6 do 22 lat. Wyniki pokazały, że dzieci w wieku 6–10 lat nie były w stanie różnicować prawdopodobieństw. Dopiero wśród dzieci 11–13-letnich zaczyna się pojawiać rozróżnianie prawdopodobieństw, choć tylko w sytuacjach zysku. Zaobserwowano także tendencję do przeszacowywania prawdopodobieństw wygranej (w loteriach z możliwą wygraną) oraz prawdopodobieństw straty (w loteriach z możliwą stratą) zarówno przez dzieci, jak i dorosłych. Badanie wykazało również, że wiek badanych ma wpływ na podejmowanie ryzyka. Dorośli wykazują większą awersję do ryzyka w dziedzinie zysków niż strat, natomiast u dzieci tendencja jest odwrotna. W związku z tym, że najmłodsze dzieci nie rozumieją pojęcia prawdopodobieństwa, przy podejmowaniu wyborów nie są wrażliwe na zmianę prawdopodobieństwa, a co za tym idzie także na zmianę wartości oczekiwanej. Wśród dzieci najmłodszych na ryzykowne wybory nie miały wpływu ani wielkość wygranej/straty, ani prawdopodobieństwo. U dzieci 9–10-letnich znaczenie miała wyłącznie wielkość wygranej/straty. Natomiast u starszych dzieci (11–13-letnich) oraz osób dorosłych wpływ ma zarówno wielkość wygranej/straty, jak i prawdopodobieństwo, a także ich kombinacja (wartość oczekiwana).
The research investigates how participants’ age infl uences the subjective judgements of probability and risky decisions making. 140 people aged 6-22 participated in the study. The results show that 6-7 year-olds were unable to differentiate between probabilities. Only 11-13 years old children appeared to distinguish the variation in probabilities, although only in lotteries in the domain of gains. All the judgements of probabilities were strongly overestimated both in children and adults. The research also shows that age infl uences risk taking. Adults were more risk averse in the domain of gains than losses, while children were more risk averse for losses. Due to the fact that the youngest children did not understand the very concept of probability, their choices were not sensitive to the changes in the probability, and therefore also to the changes of the expected values. Risky choices made by the youngest children were independent from the size of gains/losses or probability, while the choices of 9-10 year-olds were affected only by the size of gains/losses. Among 11-13 yearolds and adults the risky choices were infl uenced by both size of gain/loss and the probability as well as their combination (expected value).
Źródło:
Decyzje; 2017, 27; 5-39
1733-0092
2391-761X
Pojawia się w:
Decyzje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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