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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Selected problems of real driving emissions measurement
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Pielecha, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242440.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emissions
    road test
    real driving emissions
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars. Real Driving Emissions procedures have been introduced in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427. Currently, quantitative RDE requirements have been established to limit emissions from exhaust systems in all operating conditions in accordance with the road emission limits set out in Regulation (EC) No. 715/2007. Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a number of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring segments, their overall test timeshare, and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A mobile device for reading the EOBD System information was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. The obtained results were then analysed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. Despite the same research route, the obtained results were not the same. The analysis also uses the two-dimensional operating time-share characteristics expressed in vehicle velocity and acceleration co-ordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare the dynamic properties, share of operating time and, consequently, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their practicability and emission values.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 189-196
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determining if Exhaust Emission From Light Duty Vehicle During Acceleration on The Basis of On-Road Measurements and Simulations
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Mateusz
    Kamińska, Michalina
    Szymlet, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027939.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    air pollution
    real driving emissions
    PEMS
    simulation
    CO₂ emission
    Opis:
    Vehicle exhaust emissions depend on multiple factors, such as the emission norm, driving parameters (speed, acceleration) or the technical condition of the vehicle. These driving parameters may often depend on the condition of the road infrastructure and other factors influencing road conditions. The article attempted to assess the emissivity during acceleration of a vehicle powered by a compression ignition engine. Mapping the actual values is possible with the use of exhaust emission measurement equipment that operates under the actual operating conditions of a vehicle. Recently, an increase in the use of simulation methods in research of this type has been observed. The authors decided to check the suitability of using road traffic simulation software to estimate the $CO_2$ emissions during vehicle acceleration. The obtained results are promising, because in terms of the emissions of the analyzed exhaust gas component, the simulation results differed from the results obtained during measurements with the use of Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) equipment by less than ±20%.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 10; 63-72
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the operation states of internal combustion engine in the Real Driving Emissions test
    Autorzy:
    Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
    Chłopek, Zdzisław
    Merkisz, Jerzy
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    real driving emissions
    engine operation states
    silnik spalinowy
    emisje spalin
    stan pracy silnika
    Opis:
    Internal combustion engines represent the largest share of motor vehicle propulsion types. Despite the introduction of alternative drives (hybrid and electric), combustion engines will continue to be the main factor in the development of transport. Therefore, work related to their technological development and reduction of their harmful effects on human health and the environment is required. The development of internal combustion engines can be seen in two directions: technological changes resulting in increased efficiency of such engines and the second direction connected with limitation of exhaust gas emission. The present work is included in the second direction of research interests and concerns the analysis of various operating conditions of internal combustion engines. The operating states, both static and dynamic, determine the operational properties of internal combustion engines, such as fuel and energy consumption as well as pollutant emissions. Sofar, such operating conditions have only been mapped on a chassis dynamometer in various homologation tests. The course of the type approval test was known and the conditions of measurement were also known, which made it impossible to introduce a random factor into such tests. Currently, these properties are determined in tests performed in real vehicle operating conditions – RDE (Real Driving Emissions). Such tests are representing real operating conditions of motor vehicles. Limitations for performing tests in real traffic conditions are, apart from formal requirements concerning the duration and distance of individual parts, the dynamic conditions of vehicles determined by the speed and acceleration of the vehicle. The study analyzed the properties of vehicle speed processes and engine operating states in the RDE test, taking into account its individual phases – driving in urban, rural and motorway conditions. Engine operation states are the processes of the engine rotational speed and its relative torque. It was found that the dynamic properties of the vehicle speed process are much more significant than the engine operating states. It was also found that the road emission of pollutants in the RDE test, which is the property of vehicles measured in the test, the motorway phase properties have greatest impact.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2022, 61, 1; 71--88
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Skobiej, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    passenger cars
    real driving emissions
    optimization
    emisja spalin
    samochody osobowe
    badania emisji spalin
    optymalizacja
    Opis:
    New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional rela-tionships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust components). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 33-46
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the Exhaust Emissions of Toxic Compounds from a Special Purpose Rail Machine PŁT-500 During Profiling the Ballast Cess
    Autorzy:
    Daszkiewicz, Paweł
    Andrzejewski, Maciej
    Urbański, Patryk
    Woch, Aleksandra
    Stefańska, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955467.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    non-road mobile machinery
    real driving emissions
    special purpose rail machine
    PŁT-500 machine
    railway subgrader
    Opis:
    Track works typically require the use of special-purpose rail machines, in which the main source of propulsion includes high-power compression ignition engines. Reliance on these types of engines, which are characterized by a significant degree of wear and tear, relates to relatively high specific fuel consumption and the exhaust emissions of toxic compounds. Using such rail machines to perform modernization and repair works has a negative impact on the natural environment. The article presents test results of toxic compounds exhaust emissions as measured from a special purpose rail machine. The tested vehicle was a machine designed for profiling the ballast cess labeled as PŁT-500. The machine was classified as NRMM (Non Road Mobile Machinery) as well as used for profiling and cleaning the cess. A PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) type apparatus was used for the emissions measurement. This made it possible to measure the exhaust emissions as RDE (Real Driving Emissions) of toxic compounds from the machine under real operating conditions. The obtained test results include the measured exhaust emissions of gaseous compounds: CO, CO2, HC and NOx as well as the vehicle fuel consumption while performing its track works.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 7; 80-88
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption for the use of a multi-storey carpark
    Autorzy:
    Andrzejewski, Maciej
    Nowak, Mateusz
    Woch, Aleksandra
    Stefańska, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097593.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    real driving emissions
    exhaust emissions
    fuel consumption
    energy consumption
    parking
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    emisja spalin
    zużycie paliw
    zużycie energii
    parkowanie
    Opis:
    In Poland, the number of vehicles owned per capita is systematically increasing. There is also a noticeable increase in traffic in large urban agglomerations. This creates a number of problems, such as difficulties in finding a parking spot. Then it becomes necessary to search for a long time to stop, which is correlated with higher emission of harmful substances and energy consumption. The aim of the work is a multi-criteria analysis of the selection of a parking spot at a shopping center focused on travel times, pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. In addition, consideration was given to the selection of the optimal parking spot. The tests were carried out in Real Driving Conditions similar to Real Driving Emissions testing. The procedure, currently used as an extension of the type-approval tests, reflects the actual exhaust emissions from vehicles more accurately than tests under laboratory conditions. Specialized PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) apparatus was used for the measurements.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 46--51
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing emissions of passenger cars in laboratory and on-road (PEMS, RDE)
    Autorzy:
    Czerwinski, J.
    Comte, P.
    Zimmerli, Y.
    Reutimann, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133475.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    PEMS
    portable emissions measuring systems
    RDE
    real driving emissions
    HD-vehicles
    LD-vehicles
    przenośne systemy pomiarowe emisji
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    Opis:
    In the present paper, the results and experiences of testing different PEMS on the chassis dynamometer and on-road are presented. In the first part of work the measuring systems were installed on the same vehicle (Seat Leon 1.4 TSI ST) and the results were compared on the chassis dynamometer in the standard test cycles: NEDC, WLTC and CADC. in the second part of work the nanoparticle emissions of three Diesel cars were measured with PN-PEMS. PN-PEMS showed an excellent correlations with CPC in the tests on chassis dynamometer and it indicated very well the efficiency of DPF in eliminating the nanoparticles in real world driving.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 17-23
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of the use of comfort devices on the exhaust toxic compounds from a modern PC car with spark ignition engine
    Autorzy:
    Siedlecki, Maciej
    Merkisz, Jerzy
    Dobrzyński, Michał
    Kubiak, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    combustion engine
    comfort devices
    emisja spalin
    rzeczywiste emisje z jazdy
    silnik spalinowy
    urządzenia zwiększające komfort
    Opis:
    The use of comfort systems, the number of which in vehicles is constantly increasing, has a direct impact on fuel consumption and engine load. As part of the article, the vehicle's drive in real operating conditions was analyzed in terms of the emission of toxic compounds. The tests were carried out without and with the systems turned on, using the PEMS apparatus, where road emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and solid particles were measured in terms of mass, number and size distribution of diameters. The track was driven four times with different setting of the powertrain of examined car. The differences concerned the number of comfort systems in the vehicle and the mode of operation of the combustion engine.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 50--55
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles exhaust emissions under real driving conditions
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    passenger cars
    heavy duty vehicles
    exhaust emissions
    vehicle testing
    real driving emissions
    samochody osobowe
    pojazdy ciężarowe
    emisja spalin
    badania pojazdu
    warunki jazdy
    Opis:
    In the assumptions regarding to the transport policy both at the level of country and Europe there is the concept of sustainable development of transport. Warsaw University of Technology in cooperation with Poznan University of Technology performs research work concerning the shaping of environmentally friendly transport system – Project EMITRANSYS. In this project, one of the conditions is to reduce exhaust emissions by means of transport. The paper presents the reasons for the testing of the exhaust emissions under Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE). Research potential of Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport at Poznan University of Technology in the area of road testing of passenger and heavy-duty vehicles has been presented in the paper. Example test results have been shown in the aspect of the emission-related classification of vehicles.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2014, 31, 3; 47-59
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the operation of the hybrid drive system in the light of the proposed Euro 7 standard
    Autorzy:
    Szramowiat, Mateusz
    Szałek, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097580.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    hybrid drive system
    real driving emissions
    Euro 7 standard
    vehicle road tests
    hybrydowy układ napędowy
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    standard Euro 7
    badania drogowe pojazdów
    Opis:
    The article presents the issues of energy recovery in the hybrid drive system of a vehicle. Road tests of a vehicle equipped with a hybrid powertrain were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the RDE test. In these studies, measurements of braking energy recovery were carried out in urban, rural and motorway traffic conditions. The analysis of the obtained test results may constitute a premise for the creation of an appropriate strategy for the operation of the hybrid drive system in terms of meeting the requirements of the currently prepared Euro 7 standard.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 65--68
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PEMS-based investigations into exhaust emissions from non-road and rail vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Lijewski, P.
    Pielecha, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133787.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    non road vehicle
    rail vehicles
    pollution emissions
    real driving emissions
    portable emission measurement system
    pojazd pozadrogowy
    pojazdy szynowe
    emisje zanieczyszczeń
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    Opis:
    At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the major challenges of humanity was to reduce the negative effects of civilization development. Besides the engines used in road vehicles there is a large group of engines for non-road applications. This group includes motor propelled vehicles not used on the road NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Engines of these vehicles, among all of the non-road applications, are characterized by very specific working conditions that do not allow for them to be qualified for propulsion engines. The main problem with these vehicles is the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emission. Rail vehicles operating conditions these requirements take by the similar way, as having a wide range of rolling stock markedly alters the environmental impact of these vehicles. Thus it becomes necessary to consider the issue of the method of evaluation of engine emissions in rail vehicles in terms of their actual operating conditions. Thus, efforts to assess the actual level of emissivity for rail vehicles and attempts to improve it are necessary and justified.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 46-53
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Method of verifying the emission level of the exhaust components of a special vehicle in relation to EURO III standard in road conditions
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierczak, Andrzej R.
    Matla, Jędrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097637.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    emissions verification method
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    special vehicle
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    exhaust components
    weryfikacja emisji
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    pojazd specjalny
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    składniki spalin
    Opis:
    The following article presents the method of verification of EURO III standard in real conditions for special vehicles. The test object qualified as a special vehicle was tested in road conditions along a defined route, and then the obtained measurement results were compared to the exhaust emission standard (EURO III) applicable for this vehicle. A method of comparing the emission factors in road conditions with the indicators obtained on the engine dynamometer was proposed. An AVL mobile exhaust gas analyzers PEMS dedicated for RDE road tests were used in the research.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 89--93
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emission based on road tests
    Autorzy:
    Merkisz, J.
    Rymaniak, Ł.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    CO2 emission
    combustion engines
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    toxicity indicators
    emisja dwutlenku węgla
    silnik spalinowy
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    wskaźniki toksyczności
    Opis:
    The article discusses the possibility of determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emissions. These are called toxicity indicators because they concern the compounds: CO, THC and NOx. Three Euro V compliant vehicles with different propulsion systems types were used for the study: a 0.9 dm3 urban passenger car with a SI engine and a start-stop system, a 2.5 dm3 off-road vehicle with a CI engine, and a city bus with a hybrid drive system in series configuration and a CI engine with a displacement of 6.7 dm3. Measurements were made in actual operating conditions in the Poznan agglomeration using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The paper presents the characteristics of the operating time shares of vehicles and propulsion systems as well as CO2 emissions depending on the engine load and crankshaft rotational speed for individual vehicles. The determined toxicity indicators allowed to indicate their usefulness, to make comparisons between tested vehicles, and to identify directions for further work on the application and interpretation of these indicators.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 66-72
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions
    Autorzy:
    Kamińska, Michalina
    Kołodziejek, Daniel
    Szymlet, Natalia
    Fuć, Paweł
    Grzeszczyk, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    rail vehicles
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    non-road mobile machinery
    NRMM
    emisja spalin
    pojazdy szynowe
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    pozadrogowe maszyny ruchome
    Opis:
    The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 2; 10--17
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, B.
    Lahde, T.
    Suarez-Bertoa, R.
    Clairotte, M.
    Grigoratos, T.
    Zardini, A.
    Perujo, A.
    Martini, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    vehicle emissions regulation
    particle measurement programme
    PMP
    portable emission measurement system
    PEMS
    real driving emissions
    RDE
    periodical technical inspection
    particle number
    sub-23 nm
    regulacja emisji spalin
    program pomiaru cząstek
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    okresowa kontrola techniczna
    liczba cząstek
    rzeczywista emisja cząstek
    Opis:
    The solid particle number method was introduced in the European Union (EU) light-duty legislation for diesel vehicles to ensure the installation of the best-available technology for particles (i.e., wall-flow diesel particulate filters) without the uncertainties of the volatile nucleation mode and without the need of large investment for purchasing the equipment. Later it was extended to gasoline vehicles with direct injection engines, heavy-duty engines (both compression ignition and positive ignitions) and non-road mobile machinery engines. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing on the road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for particle number (and NOx) during type approval and in-service conformity testing was recently (in 2017) introduced for light-duty vehicles, and is under discussion for heavy-duty vehicles in-service conformity testing. This paper will summarize the existing legislation regarding solid particle number and discuss the on-going activities at EU level. The main focus at the moment is on improving the calibration procedures, and extending the lower detection size below 23 nm with interlaboratory exercises. In parallel, discussions are on-going to introduce testing at low ambient temperature, regeneration emissions in the light-duty regulation, a particle limit for other technologies such as gasoline port-fuel injection vehicles, and the feasibility of particle measurements to L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and minicars). A short overview of periodical technical inspection investigations and the situation regarding non-exhaust traffic related sources with special focus on brakes and tyres will be described.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 3-16
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15

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