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Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
Tytuł:
PRZEŁOM CZY KONTYNUACJA? CENZURA W OBLICZU POLSKIEGO PAŹDZIERNIKA 19561, CZ. 2
BREAKTHROUGH OR CONTINUATION? CENSORSHIP IN THE FACE OF POLISH OCTOBER 1956, PART 2
Autorzy:
Gogol, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
censorship
propaganda
Polish October
history
Opis:
The present article is a contribution to the history of post-war preventive censorship in the Polish People’s Republic, as well as an attempt to grasp the full scale of manipulations perpetrated against both authors and audience of the censored media — literally of ‘fabricating’ of other people’s texts. The purposes of institutional censorship were constant, prior to and after 1956. In brief, they consisted in: permanent, preventive control of all mass media, of each, even the most simple, piece of information publicised in any way. The censorship, in its official capacity, was interested in publications in all walks of life. The scale of the censoring is astonishing, even today. The presence of introductory, preventive censorship in Poland was commonly known, but its actual scale, basis and content of interferences or confi scations were kept secret from public. It was a mechanism precisely controlled through secret or confi dential regulations. important is the evaluation of meticulousness of the censorial interferences of the ‘red pencil’ and their accuracy to the intentions of the authors of regulations — decision-makers from the Polish United Workers’ Party or state institutions. These regulations determined a field of activity for a censor; they regulated information meant for a Jan Kowalski, an ordinary Polish citizen. They reveal ‘obsessions’ of the state authorities in the period of Polish Stalinism, for instance in the specific scope of state secrets. The control over the expression was only one of many duties of the censorship. An important matter was to present a consultative role of the office, appraisal of the work done by editorial staff, publishers, writers, journalists and even scientific researchers. Censure reduced or intensified its operation according to the actual situation in the country and the policy of the state authorities. There was a difference between its work before and after ‘the Thaw’ of October 1956. Each of the two periods had its own censoring obsessions and priorities. After the parliamentary elections of January 1947 a monopoly over the propaganda information was imposed, in a spilit of Stalinism leaving its stamp on almost all spheres of public life. Censorship played in the process a role of orthodox guard of the unreal image of the political system being imposed on the country. After 1956, in the wake of the October Thaw, its role changed a little but did not weaken. It is evident in the fact that censors themselves began to call into question some of the regulations but it had no infl uence on the core of censoring operations. The decree on censorship was not changed. The extent of censorial control was not thoroughly specified and the scale of information manipulation was not reduced. After a short reorganizational chaos censors carried out their duties on the basis of methods worked out in the first years of the existence of the office. The final year of 1958 was marked by an evident end of the Thaw, the ban on criticising ‘the Party line’, and a beginning of the so-called Little Stabilisation, in maintaining of which censorship was to play an important role, thus the usefulness of its existence for the regime was not discredited.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2017, 9, 2; 5-26
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PRZEŁOM CZY KONTYNUACJA? CENZURA W OBLICZU POLSKIEGO PAŹDZIERNIKA 1956, CZ. 1
BREAKTHROUGH OR CONTINUATION? CENSORSHIP IN THE FACE OF POLISH OCTOBER 1956, PART 1
Autorzy:
Gogol, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
censorship
propaganda
Polish October
History
Opis:
The present article is a contribution to the history of post-war preventive censorship in the Polish People’s Republic, as well as an attempt to grasp the full scale of manipulations perpetrated against both authors and audience of the censored media — literally of ‘fabricating’ of other people’s texts. The purposes of institutional censorship were constant, prior to and after 1956. In brief, they consisted in: permanent, preventive control of all mass media, of each, even the most simple, piece of information publicised in any way. The censorship, in its official capacity, was interested in publications in all walks of life. The scale of the censoring is astonishing, even today. The presence of introductory, preventive censorship in Poland was commonly known, but its actual scale, basis and content of interferences or confi scations were kept secret from public. It was a mechanism precisely controlled through secret or confi dential regulations. important is the evaluation of meticulousness of the censorial interferences of the ‘red pencil’ and their accuracy to the intentions of the authors of regulations — decision-makers from the Polish United Workers’ Party or state institutions. These regulations determined a field of activity for a censor; they regulated information meant for a Jan Kowalski, an ordinary Polish citizen. They reveal ‘obsessions’ of the state authorities in the period of Polish Stalinism, for instance in the specifi c scope of state secrets. The control over the expression was only one of many duties of the censorship. An important matter was to present a consultative role of the office, appraisal of the work done by editorial staff, publishers, writers, journalists and even scientific researchers. Censure reduced or intensified its operation according to the actual situation in the country and the policy of the state authorities. There was a difference between its work before and after ‘the Thaw’ of October 1956. Each of the two periods had its own censoring obsessions and priorities. After the parliamentary elections of January 1947 a monopoly over the propaganda information was imposed, in a spilit of Stalinism leaving its stamp on almost all spheres of public life. Censorship played in the process a role of orthodox guard of the unreal image of the political system being imposed on the country. After 1956, in the wake of the October Thaw, its role changed a little but did not weaken. It is evident in the fact that censors themselves began to call into question some of the regulations but it had no infl uence on the core of censoring operations. The decree on censorship was not changed. The extent of censorial control was not thoroughly specified and the scale of information manipulation was not reduced. After a short reorganizational chaos censors carried out their duties on the basis of methods worked out in the first years of the existence of the office. The final year of 1958 was marked by an evident end of the Thaw, the ban on criticising ‘the Party line’, and a beginning of the so-called Little Stabilisation, in maintaining of which censorship was to play an important role, thus the usefulness of its existence for the regime was not discredited.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2016, 8, 4; 19-45
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OBRAZY WROGA. PROPAGANDA A LUDOBÓJSTWO W XX WIEKU NA WYBRANYCH PRZYKŁADACH, GARŚĆ REFLEKSJI
IMAGES OF THE ENEMY. PROPAGANDA AND GENOCIDE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ON SELECTED EXAMPLES, A HANDFUL OF REFLECTION
Autorzy:
Gogol, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
propaganda
ludobójstwo
totalitaryzmy
XX w.
genocide
totalitarianism
20th century
Opis:
XX w. to stulecie, w którym budziły się skrajne wersje nacjonalizmów, rozwijały i upadały totalitarne systemy polityczne, stulecie związanego z nimi zjawiska nazwanego w połowie XX w. mianem ludobójstwa – metodycznej zagłady całych ludzkich społeczności realizowanej z różnych urojonych powodów. Jedne po drugich kolejne społeczności, na różnych kontynentach, padały ofiarą prób ich eksterminacji: Herero i Nama, Ormianie, liczne narodowości ZSRR przed 1956 r., Żydzi, Cyganie, Polacy, Chińczycy i Kambodżańczycy, Tutsi i bośniaccy muzułmanie. Propaganda zawsze towarzyszyła ludobójstwu, z reguły wyprzedzała ludobójcze rozkazy, była narzędziem kreującym grunt pod rzezie, ukazującym wypaczony obraz przyszłych ofiar, wzmacniającym zbrodnicze motywacje sprawców, obojętne postawy świadków masakr. Pozwalała później „rozmyć” odpowiedzialność za zbrodnie. Propaganda stale doskonaliła swoje metody w miarę rozwoju środków przekazu. Warto opisać jej rolę na kilku przykładach, w każdym z przedstawionych przypadków ludobójstwa, inicjatorzy, sprawcy, świadkowie, byli wcześniej lub w jego trakcie, poprzez przekaz propagandowy, „mowę nienawiści”, ideologiczną utopię, odpowiednio formowani w swoich poglądach, potrzebie eliminacji drugiego człowieka. Ofiary pozbawiano cech ludzkich tworząc obraz wroga absolutnego, którego należało bez skrupułów unicestwić. Pomimo kontekstu historycznego artykułu, jest to ciągle aktualna przestroga dla współczesnych.
The twentieth century was the century in which the extreme versions of nationalisms were awakened, the totalitarian political systems developed, and the century of their associated phenomenon in the mid-twentieth century was called genocide – the methodological destruction of entire human communities for various imaginary reasons. One after the other successive communities, on different continents, fell victim to their extermination attempts: Herero and Nama, Armenians, different nationalities of the USSR before 1956, Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Chinese and Cambodians, Tutsi and Bosnian Muslims. Propaganda was always accompanied by genocide, as a rule it was ahead of genocidal orders, it was a tool that created the ground for the slaughter, showing a distorted picture of future victims, reinforcing the criminal motivations of the perpetrators, indifferent attitudes of witnesses to the massacres. She later allowed her to "blur" the responsibility for crimes. Propaganda constantly improved its methods as the media was developed. It is worth describing its role in a few examples, in each of the reported cases of genocide, initiators, perpetrators, witnesses, were earlier or in the process, through propaganda, "hate speech", ideological utopia, properly formed in their views, the need to eliminate another human being. Victims were deprived of human characteristics, creating an image of the absolute enemy, who was to be annihilated unscrupulously. Despite the historical context of the article, it is still a valid warning for contemporaries.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2019, 11, 1; 23-58
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Nie należy … dopuszczać do przesadnej popularyzacji … papieża Pawła VI i jego wystąpień”. Cenzura prewencyjna a ograniczanie wpływu Kościoła katolickiego na społeczeństwo w Polsce w latach tzw. małej stabilizacji
Autorzy:
Gogol, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-01
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Tematy:
Catholic church
preventive censorship
propaganda
Opis:
In the political system of the Polish People's Republic, the Catholic Church and the Polish United Workers' Party competed with each other for influence in society. There was virtually no convergence between the doctrine and teaching of the Catholic Church and the ideology of the ruling PZPR. The church was the only institution in the Polish People's Republic which, even through pastoral teaching, publishing the titles of Catholic press and publishing openly and legally in the country, violated the monopoly of communist power introduced after 1945 for the transmission of information and ideology directed to society. The scope of duties and activity of the institution of preventive censorship - GUKPP and W and its delegations were properly officially on the side of the authorities in the current of this rivalry. It was in her hands to have the power to control church publishing houses, the press, and finally materials sent from abroad, to which the recipients were, e.g. curia. Censorship was intended to limit the message of the Church, where it was uncomfortable for power, to reduce the influence of the Church in society, the authority of its hierarchs, and finally, if possible, literally "cross" the traditional presence of the Church, customs and values of the Catholic religion from various spheres of social life. These activities were carried out both at the central level in Warsaw and at the level of voivodship field delegations. Due to the well-preserved materials of Gdańsk censorship, it is worth looking at her work in this area on the example of the activities of the Provincial Office for the Control of Press, Publications and Performances in the years of Gomułka's Little Stabilization 1956–1970. The article is a development and addition to two previous articles published in the "Religious Review".
Źródło:
Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2020, 3/277; 155-178
1230-4379
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Religioznawczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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