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Tytuł:
Access to Leniency Documents: Should Cartel Leniency Applicants pay the price for Damages?
Autorzy:
Moodaliyar, Kasturi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
cartels
private enforcement
damages
leniency documents
South Africa competition rules
EU competition rules
USA competition rules
EU Proposed Directive.
Opis:
The paper gives an overview of the South African Corporate Leniency Policy which is a whistleblowing tool used by Competition agencies to detect and punish cartel behavior. The leniency applicant provides vital information to the competition authorities to fulfill the needs of this Policy. This information would be of great assistance to a claimant harmed by the cartel and who wishes to submit a claim for follow-on damages. Revealing this information results in serious implications for both leniency applicants and civil damages plaintiffs and poses a dilemma to Competition authorities. This paper questions whether the interest of the leniency applicant should be protected or should the information be handed over to the claimant to pursue a case for damages. After considering the status quo of the South African legal context, a survey of the EU and USA position on this is provided. The paper concludes on how a balance should be struck.
L’article donne un aperçu de la politique sud-africaine en matière de la clémence des entreprises qui est un outil d’alerte utilisé par les agences de compétition pour détecter et sanctionner le comportement de cartel. Le demandeur de clémence fournit les autorités de la concurrence en informations essentielles pour satisfaire les besoins de la présente politique. Ces informations seraient d’une grande aide à un prestataire lésé par le cartel et qui souhaite présenter une demande pour obtenir les dommages par la suite. La révélation de ces informations résulte en conséquences graves pour les deux demandeurs de clémence et les plaignants des dommages civils, et pose un dilemme aux autorités de la concurrence. Cet article pose la question si l’intérêt du demandeur de clémence doit être protégé ou peut-être l’information devrait être remise au demandeur afin de poursuivre une affaire de dommages-intérêts. Après avoir examiné le status quo du cadre juridique d’Afrique du Sud, une enquête de la position de l’UE et les Etats-Unis sur cette question est prévue. L’article se termine sur la façon dont un équilibre doit être trouvé
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(10); 159-189
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Georgia’s First Steps in Competition Law Enforcement: The Role and Perspectives of the Private Enforcement Mechanism
Autorzy:
Gvelesiani, Zurab
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530298.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
competition law infringement
damages
private enforcement
damage claims
Georgia
country specific challenges
Opis:
The goal of this article is to assess the role and perspectives of the private enforcement of competition law mechanism in Georgia. The discussion starts with a brief review of a number of major events that have occurred in Georgia in the last two decades, which have shaped its competition law. The paper provides next an assessment of the current stage of the development of Georgian competition legislation, the necessity for a private enforcement model as well as the rules and legal tools offered by existing Georgian law in that regard. Outlined are also a number of challenges that must be overcome in order for Georgia to develop a successful and effective private enforcement system. The examination is based on a wide range of Georgian legislation; the interpretations provided are supported by existing enforcement practice, views of experts and scholars, research studies, reports and surveys from various national and international organizations.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(12); 215-236
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Review of Ten Years of Albanian Competition Law Developments
Autorzy:
Nazifi, Ermal
Broka, Petrina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
abuse of dominance
Albania
Albanian competition authority
anticompetitive agreements
competition law and policy
merger review
private enforcement
Opis:
Albania was one of the last countries in Europe to adopt a free market economy after suffering from one of the worst dictatorial communist regimes in the world. In order to succeed in its efforts to establish a free market economy, Albania needed to undertake a set of reforms to modernize its economy in order to cope with the new reality of global markets and Euro-Atlantic integration. An important aspect of these reforms is also the implementation of a competition law in line with the acquis an its effective implementation. A lot has been achieved in the last ten years but there is a lot to be done still in order to facilitate a competitive economy able to cope with Albania’s EU integration. The work of the ACA is only one aspect of this process, but it is of utmost importance for the development of the national economy and successful EU membership.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 129-148
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Private Enforcement and Opt-out System Risks, Rewards and Legal Safeguards
Autorzy:
Ramos, Maria Elisabete
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
private enforcement
collective redress
opt-out system
Opis:
The EU Antitrust Damages Actions Directive does not include provisions for collective redress. Each EU member state is free to provide national regulation on this matter. The Portuguese legal system provided regulation on actio popularis since 1995. The ‘rational apathy’ of individual consumers may lead to non-reparation of damage and be of significant benefit for the company that is in breach of the law. The opt-out models solve the crucial economic problem caused by a large number of consumers or clients who have suffered a small loss because of competition law infringements. Under those circumstances, it is rational to be apathetic, because it can be foreseen that the cost of filing for compensatory damages will exceed the recovery obtained from the defendant. Such rational apathy of the parties injured by competition law infringements favours the wrongfully acting companies by not extracting their illegal gains from them. By not requiring the active consent of each of the claimants, the opt-out model is able to override rational apathy of consumers.
La Directive 2014/104/UE du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 26 Novembre 2014 relative à certaines règles régissant les actions en dommages et intérêts en droit national pour les infractions aux dispositions du droit de la concurrence des États membres et de l’Union européenne n’offre pas des normes sur l’action collective. Chaque État-membre est libre d’adopter ses normes sur ce sujet. L’ordre juridique portugais prévoit des normes sur l’actio popularis, depuis 1995. L’apathie rationnelle de chaque consommateur peut déclencher la non réparation des dommages causés par l’infraction des normes de concurrence. Cet effet signifie un bénéfice pour les entreprises qui violent le droit de la concurrence.Le system opt-out donne la solution pour le problème causé pour des nombreux consommateurs qui souffrent des modestes dommages causés par des violations du droit de la concurrence. En ces situations, il est rationnel ne pas réagir, parce que les couts sont supérieurs aux bénéfices. Cette apathie rationnelle favorise les entreprises qui violent le droit de la concurrence. Le system opt-out est capable de surmonter les effets de l’apathie rationnel .
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2018, 11(18); 85-114
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What Do Limitation Periods for Sanctions in Antitrust Matters Really Limit?
Autorzy:
Blažo, Ondrej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
antitrust procedure
sanctions
administrative responsibility
Slovakia
EU law
limitation period
criminal law
private enforcement
legal certainty
safeguards
powers of competition authority
European Commission
Opis:
Limitation periods represent a legal safeguard for a person who has once broken the law in order not to be put at risk of sanctions and other legal liabilities for an indefinite amount of time. By contrast, public interest can sometimes require that a person who has committed a serious breach of law cannot benefit from limitation periods and that it is necessary to declare that the law had indeed been infringed and that legal liability shall be expected irrespective of the passage of time. This article aims to answer the question whether limitation periods for sanctions attached to competition restricting practices by Slovak competition law also limit the powers of its competition authority to declare the illegality of illicit behaviour or to prohibit it. Although this question can arise, and has done so already, as a defence in antitrust proceedings, as well as the fact that an answer to this question can potentially, as well as actually, affect rights of undertakings which have broken competition rules, Slovak jurisprudence cannot be seen as explicit in answering this question.
Les délais de prescription représentent une garantie juridique pour éviter que celui qui a violé la loi soit pour toujours exposé à la contrainte d’une sanction ou d’un autre type de responsabilté juridique. Toutefois, dans certains cas, il est dans l’intérêt public que la personne qui a gravement enfreint la loi ne puisse pas bénéficier du délai de prescription et qu’il soit possible de constater la violation du droit et d’engager la responsabilité juridique. Le présent article essaie de répondre à la question fondamentale, celle de savoir si les délais de prescription prévus, dans le droit slovaque actuel, pour infliger des sanctions pour accords limitant la concurrence ou pour abus de position dominante sont, également, en situation de limiter la compétence de l’autorité slovaque de la concurrence de constater l’illégalité d’une démarche d’une entreprise ou sa compétence d’interdire une telle démarche. Même si cette question peut être posée, ou a déjà été posée, en défense contre les démarches anti-cartel et la réponse à la question peut, potentiellement mais aussi réellement, avoir une influence sur les droits de l’entreprise qui a violé les règles de concurrence, la jurisprudence slovaque donne une réponse claire à cette question.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2012, 5(7); 79-103
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The challenges for private competition law enforcement concerning anticompetitive conducts in digital markets
Autorzy:
Mouton, Jeanne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Competition law
private enforcement
damages
digital markets
presumption of harm
remedies
Opis:
The paper reviews literature on theories of harm in digital markets, and the specific difficulties in quantifying the damage in private enforcement of competition law. The development of a tentative case-law on private enforcement in digital markets in the European Union is studied next, in comparison to the US antitrust practice, differentiating between businesses or consumers filing damages claims. Finally, the paper raises the specific issues posed by the digital economy for competition law claims for damages, and explores the idea of extending the presumption of harm also to abuse of dominance in digital markets, as well as making private parties aware of cease and desist injunctions or filing for private enforcement remedies.
L’article examine la littérature sur les théories du préjudice dans les marches numériques ainsi que les difficultés spécifiques liées à la quantification du dommage dans le cadre d’une action en dommage concurrentiel. Ensuite, le développement timide d’une jurisprudence des actions privées sur les marches numériques dans l’Union Européenne est étudié en comparaison avec la pratique antitrust américaine, en faisant la distinction entre les plaintes introduites par des entreprises ou des consommateurs. Enfin, le document soulève les problématiques spécifiques à l’introduction d’actions en dommages et intérêts concurrentiels sur les marchés numériques, et explore les propositions suivantes : étendre la présomption du dommage aux abus de positions dominantes sur les marchés numériques, inciter les parties privées à requérir des injonctions et encourager la mise en oeuvre de remèdes dans le cadre d’actions privées.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2022, 15, 26; 9-32
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Collecting Evidence Through Access to Competition Authorities’ Files – Interplay or Potential Conflicts Between Private and Public Enforcement Proceedings?
Autorzy:
Gulińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition
cartels
private enforcement
damages actions
leniency
Damages Directive
access to file
Opis:
Information asymmetry between claimants seeking damages for competition law violations and the alleged infringing undertaking(s) is a key problem in the development of private antitrust enforcement because it often prevents successful actions for damages. The Damages Directive is a step forward in the facilitation of access to evidence relevant for private action claims. Its focus lies on, inter alia, 3rd party access to files in proceedings conducted by national competition authorities (NCAs). The harmonization was triggered by the inconsistencies in European case-law and yet the uniform rules on access to documents held in NCAs’ files proposed in the Damages Directive seem to follow a very stringent approach in order to protect public competition law enforcement. The article summarizes the most relevant case-law and new provisions of the Damages Directive and presents practical issues with respect to its implementation from the Polish perspective.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(12); 161-180
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Judiciary in Effective Enforcement of Competition Law in New Jurisdictions: the Case of Kosovo
Autorzy:
Mucaj, Avdylkader
Zejna, Isuf
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20679134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law enforcement
role of judiciary
commercial court
private enforcement
stand-alone actions
Opis:
This paper aims to discuss the role of the judiciary in the effective, or ineffective, enforcement of competition law. It analyses those jurisdictions that can still be considered ‘new’ in the field of competition law, in particular the case of Kosovo, and by using qualitative research methods. The paper addresses the main findings characterizing the weak enforcement of competition law by the judiciary in Kosovo over a period of a decade, that is, from when the courts have started hearing competition cases since 2010. On the other hand, the paper places special attention to the establishment of the Commercial Court in Kosovo in 2022, which now has jurisdiction over the judicial review of competition decisions. The last part of the paper considers recent legal changes in the field of private enforcement of competition law. Kosovo’s new competition legislation, approved in 2022, expressly provides for the right to compensation for damage.
Cet article vise à examiner le rôle du pouvoir judiciaire dans l’application du droit de la concurrence, qu’elle soit efficace ou inefficace. Il analyse les juridictions qui peuvent encore être considérées comme « nouvelles » dans le domaine du droit de la concurrence, en particulier le cas du Kosovo, en utilisant des méthodes de recherche qualitatives. Cet article aborde les principales conclusions caractérisant la faible application du droit de la concurrence par le système judiciaire au Kosovo sur une période de dix ans, c’est-à-dire à partir du moment où les tribunaux ont commencé à entendre des affaires de concurrence en 2010. D’autre part, l’article accorde une attention particulière à la création du Tribunal de commerce du Kosovo en 2022, qui est désormais compétent pour le contrôle judiciaire des décisions en matière de concurrence. La dernière partie du présent article examine les changements juridiques récents dans le domaine de l’application privée du droit de la concurrence. La nouvelle législation kosovare sur la concurrence, approuvée en 2022, prévoit expressément le droit à la réparation des dommages.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2023, 16, 27; 133-152
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Package on Actions for Damages Based on Breaches of EU Competition Rules: Can One Size Fit All?
Autorzy:
Pais, Sofia Oliveira
Piszcz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private enforcement
antitrust damages
EU competition rules
Commission package
collective redress
contingency fees
Opis:
On 17 April 2014, the Proposal for a Directive on antitrust damages actions was accepted by the European Parliament and sent to the EU Council of Ministers for final approval. In addition, a Recommendation was adopted in 2013 on common principles for injunctive and compensatory collective redress mechanisms in the Member States to meet the need for a coherent European approach to antitrust private enforcement. This package comes at a time when private antitrust enforcement is rapidly evolving in a number of Member States. At the same time however, it establishes several legal solutions that do not fit well with existing national instruments. The aim of this article is to address, in particular, Portuguese and Polish experiences on a number of specific issues surrounding antitrust private enforcement, such as collective redress and contingency fees. Some doubts will also be raised concerning the solutions established in the European package, suggesting that national experiences should not be overlooked
Le 17 avril 2014, la proposition de la directive relative aux actions antitrust en dommages et intérêts a été acceptée par le Parlement européen et envoyé au Conseil de l’UE pour l’adoption finale. En outre, une recommandation a été adoptée en 2013 sur des principes communs applicables aux méchanismes de recours collectif en cassation et en réparation dans les États membres pour répondre à la nécessité d’une approche européenne cohérente à l’application privée antitrust. Ce paquet est livré à un moment où l’application privée antitrust évolue rapidement dans un certain nombre d’États membres. Mais en même temps, il établitplusieurs solutions juridiques qui ne correspondent pas bien avec les instruments nationaux existants. Le but de cet article est d’examiner, en particulier, les expériences portugais et polonais sur un certain nombre de questions spécifiques entourant l’application privée antitrust, tels que le recours collectif en cessation et des honoraires. Des doutes seront également soulevés concernant les solutions établies dans le cadre du paquet européen, en suggèrant que les expériences nationales ne doivent pas être négligées.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(10); 209-234
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compensation of Damages in Standalone Cases: Lessons to Be Learned from a Case Against a State-owned Telecommunication Company. Case Comment to the Judgment of the Lithuanian Court of Appeal of 3 March 2017 (Case No. e2A-27-464/2017)
Autorzy:
Zaščiurinskaitė, Rasa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
damages
private enforcement
abuse
competition law
sector-specific regulation
refusal to supply
essential facilities
Opis:
Private enforcement in Lithuania is still at the early development stage, as only a few infringement decisions of the national competition authority – the Competition Council of the Republic of Lithuania – have been followed on by private antitrust claims. Nevertheless, it might be observed that victims of competition law infringements tend to initiate standalone claims for compensation of damages in Lithuania. However, not all of those cases are successful. On 3 March 2017, the Court of Appeal of Lithuania rejected a damages claim for EUR 2.9 million brought by a company that claimed to have been refused infrastructure access (an essential facility) by the dominant state-owned telecommunication company; infrastructure access was necessary for the provision of its own services. The case is interesting and worth mentioning due to the complexity and interrelation of competition law and the regulation of electronic communications (such as the interrelation of dominance in competition law and significant market power under the regulatory framework). The case is also noteworthy becaouse of the lack of involvement by the Competition Council and the Communication Regulatory Authority as well as their position in the dispute. Of relevance is also a change made to the laws related to the dispute and further consequences of the dispute.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 269-278
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leave it to the experts: A comparative analysis of competition-expert lay judges in private enforcement of competition law
Autorzy:
Hornkohl, Lena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Competition law
private enforcement
damages
lay judges
expert lay
judges
economics
specialisation
commercial court
Opis:
This paper focuses on the procedural instrument of ‘competition-expert’ lay judges to ease damages calculations and private actions for damages for the violation of competition law in general. To this end, the paper analyses various forms of ‘expert’ lay participation that already exist in Europe. It concentrates, in particular, on commercial and intellectual property proceedings, but also delves into the few existing examples of competition-expert lay judges for private enforcement of competition law. It assesses their transferability for competition damages proceedings and attempts to test EU and national competition as well as procedural law boundaries more generally. The paper considers common grounds, advantages and disadvantages, as well as best practices in this context. It concludes with early proposals for including competition-expert lay judges in private enforcement of competition law.
Cet article se concentre sur l’instrument procédural que sont les juges non professionnels experts en concurrence pour faciliter le calcul des dommages et intérêts dans les actions privées en dommages et intérêts pour la violation du droit de la concurrence. À cette fin, l’article analyse diverses formes de participation d’experts non professionnels déjà existantes en Europe. Il se concentre en particulier sur les procédures commerciales et de propriété intellectuelle, mais se penche également sur les quelques exemples existants de juges non professionnels experts en concurrence pour l’application privée du droit de la concurrence. Il évalue leur transférabilité aux procédures de dommages-intérêts en matière de concurrence et tente de tester plus généralement les limites du droit de la concurrence et du droit procédural au niveau européen et national. L’article met en évidence les motifs communs, les avantages et les désavantages, ainsi que les meilleures pratiques. Il se conclut par des premières propositions visant à inclure des juges non professionnels experts en concurrence dans l’application privée du droit de la concurrence.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2022, 15, 25; 7-36
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tureckie prawo ochrony konkurencji – zagadnienia wybrane
Turkish competition law – selected issues
Autorzy:
Kadej-Barwik, Marlena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/508052.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
prawo ochrony konkurencji w Turcji
tureckie prawo ochrony konkurencji z 1994 r.
Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji
praktyki ograniczające konkurencję
zakazane porozumienia
nadużywanie pozycji dominującej na rynku
sankcje antymonopolowe
private enforcement
odszkodowanie
competition law in Turkey
the Turkish Competition Law of 1994
Competition Authority
restrictive practices
prohibited agreements
abuse of dominant market position
antitrust sanctions
damages
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia prawa ochrony konkurencji obowiązujące w Turcji, państwie, które od wielu lat, do tej pory bezskutecznie, pretenduje do wstąpienia w poczet członków UE. Publikacja ta ma na celu przybliżenie Czytelnikom regulacji prawnych zarówno o charakterze materialnoprawnym (cel ustawy antymonopolowej, jej zakres przedmiotowy, organy odpowiedzialne za egzekwowanie zakazów praktyk ograniczających konkurencję, charakter sankcji nakładanych na przedsiębiorstwa za naruszenie prawa antymonopolowego), jak i przepisów o charakterze procesowym (tryb postępowania, prawa i obowiązki podmiotów biorących w nim udział). Opracowanie zawiera także informacje dotyczące dochodzenia odszkodowania na drodze cywilnej przez podmioty, które poniosły szkodę na skutek działań stanowiących zakazane praktyki ograniczające konkurencję (private enforcement).
This publication presents selected issues concerning Turkish competition law – a country that has for many years, and so far unsuccessfully, been aspiring to join the EU. The article aims to present the readers with both the provisions of substantive law (aim of antitrust law, its scope, authorities responsible for the enforcement of the prohibitions of restrictive practices, nature of the sanctions imposed on undertakings for antitrust infringements), as well as rules of procedural nature (mode of conduct, rights and obligations of participating parties). Outlined is also the issue of civil damages claimed by entities that have been harmed as a result of acts constituting anti-monopoly practices (private enforcement).
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2014, 3, 3; 46-55
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Condition of Fault in Private Enforcement of Competition Law – a Comparative Analysis of U.S. v. Polish and European Approach
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
anonymous fault
compensatory liability
corporate fault
infringement
of competition law
intent
interchange fees
negligence
private enforcement
Opis:
The purpose of the Polish Act on Claims for Damages for Remedying the Damage Caused by Infringements of Competition Law, based on and implementing EU law – the Damages Directive, was to enable undertakings to effectively use private enforcement of their damages claims from competition law offenders. Infringement of competition law is classified as a tort according to the said Act on Claims. Therefore, the Act on Claims refers to tort liability rules. The conditions of classic tort liability in domestic law do not have exactly the same dogmatic meaning and scope as the conditions of public or private liability for the infringements of domestic and EU competition law. In practice, their application by national courts may rise many questions regarding conformity between domestic and EU law. This paper aims to analyse one of the key conditions of tort liability, that is, the fault of both the undertaking – the offenders, as well as the fault of their governing bodies and officers. If one were to understand the notion of fault within the limits laid down by civil law, and follow the literal wording of the Polish Civil Code’s provisions referring to the fault condition, the efficiency of private enforcement of damage claims arising from infringements of competition law would be doubtful. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide the readers with such an interpretation of the notion of fault, as a condition of liability of undertakings, that the legislative purpose of the Act on Claims is achieved and that the principles of efficiency and equivalence of the EU law are observed. In order to present a comprehensive picture, this paper will also discuss the case law of the CJEU concerning ‘anti-trust fault’, accompanied by a comparative analysis of the German and French approach to the fault condition as well as United States antitrust laws in the same area.
L’objectif de la loi polonaise sur les actions en dommages et intérêts pour les infractions au droit de la concurrence, qui se base sur le droit de l’UE et le transpose était de permettre aux entreprises d’utiliser efficacement l’exécution privée de leurs demandes de dommages et intérêts auprès des auteurs d’infractions au droit de la concurrence. La violation du droit de la concurrence est qualifiée comme un délit civil selon la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation. Par conséquent, la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation renvoie aux règles de responsabilité délictuelle. Les conditions de la responsabilité délictuelle classique en droit national n’ont pas exactement la même signification et portée dogmatique que les conditions de la responsabilité publique ou privée pour les infractions au droit national et européen de la concurrence. Dans la pratique, leur application par les tribunaux nationaux peut soulever de nombreuses questions concernant la conformité entre le droit national et le droit de l’UE. Le présent document vise à analyser l’une des principales conditions de la responsabilité délictuelle, à savoir la faute de l’entreprise ainsi que la faute de ses organes et dirigeants. Si on voulait comprendre la notion de faute dans les limites fixées par le droit civil, et suivre la formulation littérale des dispositions du code civil polonais relatives à la condition de faute, l’efficacité de l’exécution privée des demandes de dommages et intérêts résultant d’infractions au droit de la concurrence serait incertaine. Par conséquent, le présent article vise à fournir aux lecteurs une interprétation de la notion de faute, en tant que condition de la responsabilité des entreprises, qui permette d’atteindre l’objectif législatif de la loi sur les demandes d’indemnisation et de respecter les principes d’efficacité et d’équivalence du droit de l’UE. Afin de présenter un cadre complet, cet article examine également la jurisprudence de la CJUE concernant la “faute antitrust”, accompagnée d’une analyse comparative des approches allemande et française de la condition de faute ainsi que des lois antitrust américaines dans le même domaine.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2020, 13, 21; 71-98
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of EU Law on a National Competition Authoritys Leniency Programme – the Case of Poland
Autorzy:
Sitarek, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
leniency, antitrust damages actions
access to evidence
procedural autonomy
efficiency
public enforcement
private enforcement
Opis:
This paper is devoted to the impact of EU law on national leniency programmes, especially the Polish one. It analyses the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice in Pfleiderer, Donau Chemie and Schenker and identifies three specific areas of potential EU influence on national leniency programmes. The impact of EU law on the rules of access to leniency documents is analysed in detail on the basis of both EU and Polish law and taking into account the Draft Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions. The paper covers also the extent to which the principle of effectiveness of EU law limits the procedural autonomy of Member States in regard to their leniency programmes. This analysis covers both “negative conditions”, that is, elements of national leniency programmes which are incompatible with EU law, and “positive conditions”, in order words, those elements of domestic leniency programmes which are seen as necessary for securing their effectiveness.
L'article concerne l'influence du droit de l‘Union européenne sur les programmes de clémence nationaux, en particulier le programme polonais. La jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est analysée, surtout les arrêts en Pfleiderer, Donau Chemie et Schenker. Les trois avenues de l'influence du droit européen sur le programme de clémence sont identifiés – les règles d'accès aux confessions des entreprises bénéficiaires de la clémence, qui sont analysées en détaille, les limitations des programmes nationaux de clémence à cause du principe d'effectivité et les obligations des autorités nationales de concurrence d’assurer l'effectivité des programmes de clémence
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(9); 185-216
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compensation liability for antitrust damages caused by related companies – development of the concept of a single economic unit. Case comment to the CJEU judgment of 6 October 2021 in case C-882/19 Sumal SL v Mercedes Benz Trucks España SL
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24987748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private enforcement
single economic unit
determining the entities responsible for repairing the damage
infringement of competition law
Opis:
The subject of this case comment is the analysis and assessment of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued on 6 October 2021 in case C-882/19, brought by Sumal SL v Mercedes Benz Trucks España SL. The Sumal judgment concerns an important issue in the area of competition law, both public and private (private enforcement) – determining the group of entities responsible for infringements of competition law operating within one economic body. Earlier CJEU case law in this regard focused primarily on determining the liability of the parent company within a group of companies. In the Sumal judgment, however, the CJEU raised the issue of the liability of subsidiaries in the event of a breach of competition law by the parent company. The CJEU has by no means crossed out its earlier case law on the single economic unit, but looked at the issue from the opposite direction and specified the liability conditions of subsidiaries. Such clarification was undoubtedly desirable. However, it calls into question the principle of liability of subsidiaries in a situation where they were not directly involved in the infringement, rather than only indirectly or informally.
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2023, 12, 5; 124-131
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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