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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs
    Autorzy:
    Wedel, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    laryngeal nerve
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    larynx
    neck
    neuron
    paleontology
    life history
    Opis:
    The recurrent laryngeal nerve is an often cited example of “unintelligent design” in biology, especially in the giraffe. The nerve appears early in embryonic development, before the pharyngeal and aortic arches are separated by the development of the neck. The recurrent course of the nerve from the brain, around the great vessels, to the larynx, is shared by all extant tetrapods. Therefore we may infer that the recurrent laryngeal nerve was present in extinct tetrapods, had the same developmental origin, and followed the same course. The longest−necked animals of all time were the extinct sauropod dinosaurs, some of which had necks 14 meters long. In these animals, the neurons that comprised the recurrent laryngeal nerve were at least 28 meters long. Still longer neurons may have spanned the distance from the end of the tail to the brainstem, as in all extant vertebrates. In the longest sauropods these neurons may have been 40–50 meters long, probably the longest cells in the history of life.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2012, 57, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filling the ceratosaur gap: A new ceratosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Spain
    Autorzy:
    Sanchez-Hernandez, B.
    Benton, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945890.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    filling
    ceratosaur gap
    new theropod
    theropod
    ceratosaurian theropod
    paleontology
    Dinosauria
    Theropoda
    Ceratosauria
    Barremian
    Early Cretaceous
    Cretaceous
    Spain
    Opis:
    Ceratosaurian theropods evolved in two bursts, first in the Middle and Late Jurassic and then in the Late Cretaceous, leaving a 20 Myr gap in the Early Cretaceous during which remains are rare. We describe here a new ceratosaurian theropod, Camarillasaurus cirugedae, from fluvial deposits of the Camarillas Formation (lower Barremian, Lower Cretaceous) of Camarillas, Teruel Province, NE Spain. The new theropod is represented by a collection of associated bones, including a tooth, a possible cervical vertebra, two sternal plates, the proximal part of a right tibia, a broken right scapulocoracoid, the incomplete sacrum, five caudal vertebrae, an isolated caudal neural arch, a chevron, an almost complete presacral rib and some fragments of vertebrae, ribs, and other elements. Camarillasaurus is differentiated from other theropods by the extreme depth of the tibia proximal end, and a deep longitudinal groove on the tibia. The new dinosaur is a ceratosaur, phylogenetically close to the base of the clade, and perhaps more derived than the Chinese basal ceratosaur Limusaurus. The new taxon is significant in the evolution of the ceratosaurian dinosaurs, being placed temporally between its more common Jurassic and mid-Upper Cretaceous relatives, and it is one of only a few from Laurasia.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2014, 59, 3; 581-600
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites
    Autorzy:
    Lenz, A C
    Melchin, M.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21551.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    taxonomy
    biostratigraphy
    paleontology
    Graptoloidea
    nomenclature
    graptolite species
    convergent evolution
    Cochlograptus veles
    Testograptus testis
    Silurian graptolite
    Monograptidae
    Opis:
    The two graptolite speciesCochlograptus veles(Telychian, Upper Llandovery) and Testograptus testis(lower Homerian, upper Wenlock) are remarkably and uniquely similar in being strongly ventrally and planispirally coiled and in demonstrating an abrupt deflection in the immediate post−sicular regions of their rhabdosomes. The two species, however, are separated by a relatively large biostratigraphic gap and a global mass extinction, and they differ morphologically in the proportion of thecal overlap, different angles of inclination of the interthecal septa, relative proportions of the widths occupied by the free metathecae, the position of the sharp dorsal flexure relative to the tip of the sicula, and the presence of a distinctive, keel−like structure on T. testis. It is suggested therefore, that in spite of the strong proximal morphological parallelism between the two species, their origin is best explained as a remarkable example of convergent evolution. It is suggested that C. veles perhaps evolved from some modified monograptid such as Stimulograptus, whereas the small Testograptus group may have derived from some monograptid such as Monograptus flemingii. Cladistic analysis fully supports the independent derivation the two species. If correct, this hypothesis supports the validity of separate generic names for the two species, despite the close and unique rhabdosomal similarities, including proximal metathecal form.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2008, 53, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals
    Autorzy:
    Taylor, M P
    Wedel, M.J.
    Naish, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22737.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    dinosaur
    sauropod dinosaur
    extant animal
    head posture
    neck posture
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Opis:
    The neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs has long been controversial. Recent reconstructions position the cervical vertebrae and skull in an “osteological neutral pose” (ONP), the best fit arrived at by articulating the vertebrae with the zygapophyses in maximum contact. This approach in isolation suggests that most or all sauropods held their necks horizontally. However, a substantial literature on extant amniotes (mammals, turtles, squamates, crocodilians and birds) shows that living animals do not habitually maintain their necks in ONP. Instead, the neck is maximally extended and the head is maximally flexed, so that the mid−cervical region is near vertical. Unless sauropods behaved differently from all extant amniote groups, they must have habitually held their necks extended and their heads flexed. The life orientation of the heads of sauropods has been inferred from the inclination of the semi−circular canals. However, extant animals show wide variation in inclination of the “horizontal” semi−circular canal: the orientation of this structure is not tightly constrained and can give only a general idea of the life posture of extinct animals’ heads.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 2; 213-220
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs
    Autorzy:
    Yates, A.M.
    Wedel, M.J.
    Bonnan, M.F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21858.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    evolution
    postcranial skeletal pneumaticity sauropodomorph dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Sauropodomorpha
    Sauropoda
    air sac
    Triassic
    Jurassic
    South Africa
    Opis:
    Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP) is present in a range of basal sauropodomorphs spanning the basal sauropodomorph–sauropod transition. We describe the PSP of five taxa, Plateosaurus engelhardti, Eucnemesaurus fortis, Aardonyx celestae, Antetonitrus ingenipes, and an unnamed basal sauropod from Spion Kop, South Africa (hereafter referred to as the Spion Kop sauropod). The PSP of Plateosaurus is apparently sporadic in its occurrence and has only been observed in very few specimens, in which it is of very limited extent, affecting only the posterior cervical vertebrae and possibly the mid dorsals in one specimen. The PSP of Eucnemesaurus, Aardonyx, Antetonitrus, and the Spion Kop sauropod consists of subfossae (fossa−within−fossa structures) that excavate the vertices of the posterior infradiapophyseal fossae of the posterior dorsal vertebrae. These subfossae range from simple shallow depressions (Eucnemesaurus) to deep, steepsided, internally subdivided and asymmetrically developed chambers (Antetonitrus). The middle and anterior dorsal vertebrae of these taxa lack PSP, demonstrating that abdominal air sacs were the source of the invasive diverticula. The presence of pneumatic features within the infradiapophyseal fossae suggest that the homologous fossae of more basal saurischians and dinosauriforms were receptacles that housed pneumatic diverticula. We suggest that it is probable that rigid non−compliant lungs ventilated by compliant posterior air sacs evolved prior to the origination of Dinosauria.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2012, 57, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ailurid carnivoran mammal Simocyon from the late Miocene of Spain and the systematics of the genus
    Autorzy:
    Peigne, S
    Salesa, M.J.
    Anton, M.
    Morales, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21488.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Ailuridae
    red panda
    Miocene
    mammal
    Mammalia
    Carnivora
    Simocyon
    Europe
    Ailurus fulgens
    Spain
    Madrid Basin
    paleontology
    Opis:
    We describe the most complete and best−preserved materials assigned to Simocyon from Spain. Specimens come from the late Miocene (Vallesian) locality of Batallones−1, Province of Madrid and are assigned to Simocyon batalleri. Cranial, mandibular and dental anatomy of S. batalleri from Batallones−1 is described and compared with those of known species of Simocyon. We review the systematic status and the definition of the species of Simocyon and we analyse the morphological variation within Simocyon. Three species are recognized as valid. S. batalleri is known from several Vallesian localities (mainly MN 10) of Spain. S. diaphorus, from the early Vallesian of Germany (Mammal Zone MN 9), is the geologically oldest European species. The type species S. primigenius is Turolian in age and known from several localities of Europe, North America, and China. The species includes the junior synonyms S. zdanskyi and S. marshi. The status of Simocyon hungaricus is not resolved. Simocyon simpsoni is excluded here from Simocyon and reassigned to its original generic name Protursus. On the basis of the material described here, we propose a differential diagnosis for Simocyon batalleri. This species is morphologically intermediate between the more primitive S. diaphorus, which has a less reduced p3; and the more derived S. primigenius, characterized by a modified mandible (e.g., more vertical and more expanded coronoid process, longer angular process). The evolution of the genus Simocyon is characterized by a trend toward a more crushing adaptation involving at least a modification of the posterior part of the mandible. A reconstruction of the skull and life appearance of Simocyon is proposed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series od South China
    Autorzy:
    Chen, Z Q
    Campi, M.J.
    Shi, G.R.
    Kaiho, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20940.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Lopingian
    Wuchiapingian
    brachiopod
    Permian
    China
    Late Permian
    mass extinction
    Guadalupian
    Brachiopoda
    paleontology
    Opis:
    This paper describes fourteen brachiopod species in eleven genera from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian Coal Series (Lungtan Formation) of South China. Of these, the shell bed fauna from the basal Lungtan Formation is interpreted to represent the onset of the recovery of shelly faunas in the aftermath of the Guadalupian/Lopingian (G/L) mass extinction in South China. The post−extinction brachiopod faunas in the Wuchiapingian are characterized by the presence of numerous Lazarus taxa, survivors, and newly originating taxa. These elements capable of adapting their life habits were relatively more resistant to the G/L crisis. The post−extinction faunas, including survivors and the elements originating in the recovery period, have no life habit preference, but they were all adapted to a variety of newly vacated niches in the Late Permian oceans. Two new species, Meekella beipeiensis and Niutoushania chongqingensis, are described, and two Chinese genera, Niutoushania and Chengxianoproductus, are emended based on re−examination of the type specimens and new topotype materials from the Lungtan Formation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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