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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Kariery kryminalne nieletnich sprawców przestępstw
    Criminal careers of juvenile delinquents
    Autorzy:
    Rzeplińska, Irena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698559.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    kariery kryminalne
    nieletni
    badania longitudinalne
    criminal careers
    juvenile delinquents
    Opis:
    Thirteen years ago, while conducting criminological research of juvenile delinquents within a research programme of the Ministry of Education “Juvenile delinquents in the past and today” I decided to research two groups of juvenile delinquents representative for Poland: 1. The first was juvenile delinquents tried in the courts between 1985 and 1988, the choice of files was made on the basis on their availability. According to assumptions I planned to research a representative group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 1980. It appeared to be impossible, files of juveniles from 1980 in 2000 when I organized research were, according to regulations, destroyed (hereinafter I use the term “80’s group”). 2. The second is a sample of a group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 2000 representative for Poland The main research assumption of the project of research of juvenile delinquents was to investigate and characterize juvenile crime and their social profiles. The research concerned contemporary juveniles – “2000 group” and juveniles in the past who were tried in courts between 1985 and 1989. I intended to investigate juvenile delinquents who belonged to the generation of the parents of those from “2000 group”. Yet a step backward by a generation was impossible (the files were destroyed). I decided that the object of the research will be the group of juvenile delinquents tried in juvenile courts in the 1980s. In 2010 I searched the National Criminal Registry for the records of both “1980s” and “2000 group”. Follow-up period for the latter group was 9 years. After they turned 17 (which is the age limit of legal responsibility under Polish law), from the “2000 group” tried in 2000 in juvenile courts 390 persons, that is 51,3%, were later convicted for crimes. This group, at the moment of record search, was between 20 and 28 and majority of perpetrators were between 24 and 28 – that is young adults in the period of the highest criminal activity. The group of juvenile delinquents from 1980s was 555 persons. The follow-up period was 22 to 22 years. In this group, according to National Criminal Registry information, 187 persons, that is 33,7% had a criminal record at the moment of file search, and they were be-tween 35 and 44. As far as this group is concerned, part of criminal records were erased so a part of convictions in this group remains unknown. Study of previous juvenile delinquents life histories, longitudinal study, criminal career study – these are the names of the same types of research in criminology whose main and common questions is: how many of previous juvenile delinquents commit crimes in adult life. More detailed questions are: - what is the type and significance of crime commited by previus juvenile dalinquents in their adult lives?
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2013, XXXV; 79-94
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interwencja wobec nieletnich w sytuacji zagrożenia agresją na terenie instytucji resocjalizacyjnych
    Autorzy:
    Karłyk-Ćwik, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/614507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    intervention
    aggression
    juvenile delinquents
    correctional institutions for juvenile
    interwencja
    agresja
    nieletni
    instytucje resocjalizacyjne
    Opis:
    The intervention against juvenile predators in correctional institutions, due to the nature of the aggressors and their environment, belongs to one of the most difficult. Featured article is a theoretical analysis of factors, deciding on regularity and effectiveness of this type of intervention, both technical and methodical – defining the objectives and course of the intervention and the manner and conditions of its carry out, as well as those – personal and professional – including special psychophysical predisposition and personal resources enabling educators to the effective action in emergency situations.
    Interwencja wobec nieletnich agresorów przebywających w placówkach resocjalizacyjnych, ze względu na specyfikę napastników oraz środowiska ich funkcjonowania, należy do jednej z najtrudniejszych. Prezentowany artykuł stanowi teoretyczną analizę czynników decydujących o prawidłowości oraz skuteczności tego typu interwencji, zarówno tych o charakterze technicznym i metodycznym (określających cele i przebieg interwencji oraz sposób i warunki jej przeprowadzenia), jak i tych o charakterze osobowym i kompetencyjnym (obejmujących szczególne predyspozycje psychofizyczne oraz zasoby osobiste umożliwiające pedagogom sprawne i efektywne działanie w sytuacjach kryzysowych).
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia; 2017, 30, 4
    0867-2040
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Granice nieletniości w polskim prawie karnym
    The Statutory Age-Limits of Juvenile Delinquenta in Polish Penal Law
    Autorzy:
    Rdzanek-Piwowar, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1993
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    nieletni przestępcy
    nieletni
    polskie prawo karne
    kodeks karny
    juvenile delinquents
    juveniles
    polish penal law
    penal code
    Opis:
    The entering into force on 13 May l983 of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 ended the period of over fifty years of validity of provisions of the penal code of 1932 (Chapter XI) and code of criminal procedure of 1928 (Chapter II of Book XI) which regulated the principles of responsibility of juvenile perpetrators of “acts prohibited under penalty”. Authors of the pre-war legislation, at the first stage of its preparation in particular, intended to make it specific and educational in nature through omission in the treatment of juveniles of the elements of responsibility and punishment. The finally adopted solution was a compromise: responsibility of juveniles have been related to age, discernment, and type of measures applied. With respect to undiscerning juvenile perpetrators of acts prohibited under penalty under the age of 13, and also to those aged 13–17, only educational  measures could be applied (admonition; supervision by the parents, former guardians, or a probation officer; placement in an educational institution) Juveniles aged 13–17 who discerned the meaning of their act were to be placed in a correction al institution; educational measures were to be applied in their cases if the circumstances, the juvenile’s personality or his living conditions made such placement inexpedient. Thus the legislation concerning juveniles remained part of the system of penal law in spite of the special features it started to acquire. That was also the direction, after the war in particular, of interpretation of the legal provisions. As a result, the measures applied to juveniles were given an explicitly educational character. This was done through the relation of those imeasures  to the perpetrator’s personality and not to the act, and through abolition of the institution of discernment. Since discernment. Since mid–1950s, the juvenile courts followed instructions which  changed the legal status of a juvenile. The age limit of penal responsibility of juveniles was set initially at ten and then at 13 years; younger children were not to be brought before the courts unless the case concerned guardianship. Many changes in the post-war provisions were also introduced by means of statutes. They concerned organization and functioning of the system of treatment of juveniles  (strengthening of the role of judge, introduction of the so-called family courts, increased number of probation officers). This way, a socially desirable continuation of the legal tradition was secured by means of reforms which were evolutionary and dictated by the current needs, and without liquidation of the existing structures, tested in the practice of many decades. The new statute adopted many of those changes more or less directly. Setting the upper age limit of juveniles, the post-war penal code of 1969 preserved the principle according to which criminal responsibility is conditioned upon the offender’s age of at least 17 (Art. 9). At the same time, though, Art. 9 made it possible to apply to offenders aged 17 the measures normally designed for juveniles, and to sentence juveniles aged 16 guilty of the most serious crimes to the ordinary but extraordinarily mitigated penalties. The final shape of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 was influenced both by the intent to preserve the developed and tested solutions, and by the discussion that preceded its introduction when optional conceptions of the treatment of juveniles were submitted. The following stages of the thirty-two years’ period of legislative works can be distinguished: – the years 1950–1956; long works on a new penal code were in progress and attempts were made at aggravating the responsibility of juveniles through the introduction of penalties (according to a draft of 1950, penalties were to be imposed on juveniles starting from the age of 12); – the years 1956–1960; in 1956, it was decided to work on a separate statute on juvenil and not within the preparation of a new penal code; a special team of the Codification Commission failed to agree upon a draft of the statute; – the years 1961–65;  no legislative works were formally in progres but two different conceptions were discussed: of inclusion of prevention in the act (which would thus apply to the socially maladjusted juveniles as well) and of introduction of social courts; – the years 1966–1971; attempts were made at partly realizing those conceptions in a succession of draft statutes; – the years 1972–76; the works were conducted by the Ministry of Education which tried to include the problems of prevention of juvenile delinquency and treatment of juveniles in a broader statute called the young generation code; – the years 1977–82 when the works on a statute were again taken over by the Ministry of Justice and a succession of versions of the draft were prepared. The Act of 26 October 1982 on the treatment of juveniles changed the scope of the notion of “juvenile”. According to the statutory definition, juveniles are: 1) persons with respect to whom provisions of  the act apply in the sphere of prevention and control of demoralization; the upper age limit in this category is 18 years, and the lower limit is not specified; 2) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of proceedings in cases of punishable acts; such proceedings can be instituted towards persons who have been aged over 13 but under 17 while committing a punishable act; 3) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in connection with the carrying out of educational or corrective measures; the upper age limit of this category is 21 years. Tlerefore, the statute goes beyond the sphere traditionally reserved for penal law. The aim at making the statute educational in nature is manifested above all by the principle that the commission by a juvenile of a punishable act is not the only condition of the institution of proceedings in the case of that juvenile. The statute sanctions the need for intervention in the early stage of social maladjustment not only in cases where that maladjustment manifests itself in a punishable act. If a juvenile does commit an act of this  kind, his offence is not examined in the categories of guilt and responsibility. This is manifested by the abolition of the criteria of discernment, by the term “punishable act” used to designate an  offence committed by a juvenile, and by the absence of the term “responsibility of juveniles” in the name and provisions of the statute discussed. The statute bases on the assumption of education; its basic notion is demoralization. In its first meaning in which it has been used by the legislator, “demoralization'” is treated as a prerequisite of initiation of proceedings. Were the educational assumptions adopted to the full, commission of a punishable act could and should be treated as one of the symptoms of demoralization, not different in any way from the other symptoms. Assumed in the statute, however, is a special treatment of the juveniles with respecr to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of prevention of demoralization, and in the sphere of control of demoralization. With respect to the latter, provisions of  the statute on  proceedings in cases of punishable acts apply, and with respect to the former – provisions on civil proceedings. The differentiation introduced by the statute (which is not consistent for that matter) results from a specific compromise: a combination of the ideas of prevention and  education with the approach typical of penal law where the legal response is conditioned upon the gravity of the act.  A conflict of the tendencies which clash nowadays all over the world – to preserve the model of treatment of juveniles within the institutions of penal law on the one hand, and to give the statute an educational character on the other  hand – can be noticed in other provisions of the statute discussed as well. In the classical system, the age limits of juveniles were clear and had just as clearly defined functions – they marked out the age of the so-called conditional criminal responsibility, provided discernment could be ascertained. Today, the upper limit of the age of juveniles is usually also the limit of full criminal responsibility, although many legislations provide for an exceptional possibility of imposition of penalties upon the oldest juveniles who commit a crime or a serious offence. The problem of the lower limit is more entangled , the modern legislations adopting several age limits here which results usually from the need to determine different scopes of intervention of the legal provisions in the sphere of juvenile law. Therefore, what still remains an important issue  is for the juvenile law to define an age limit below which provisions of penal law never apply, not even as auxiliaries.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 191-231
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wolność sumienia i religii nieletnich przestępców w zakładach poprawczych i schroniskach dla nieletnich
    Freedom of conscience and religion of juvenile delinquents residing in correctional facilities and juvenile shelters
    Autorzy:
    Nikołajew, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1887644.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    freedom of conscience and religion
    juvenile delinquents secure detention centre
    secure confinement centre
    religious freedom
    Wolność sumienia i religii
    nieletni
    zakłady poprawcze
    schroniska dla nieletnich
    kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe
    prawo wyznaniowe
    wolność sumienia i wyznania
    Opis:
    Przedmiotem analizy jest wolność sumienia i religii nieletnich przestępców. Najpierw autor zajmuje się problematyką nieletnich i miejsc wykonywania wobec nich środków o charakterze karnym. Wymienia rodzaje i typy zakładów poprawczych i schronisk dla nieletnich, omawiając kolejno uprawnienia osób tam umieszczonych. Dalej analizowane są zagadnienia wolności sumienia i religii w ogólności i definicja wolności religii, wolności sumienia i wolności wyznania. Następnie przedmiotem artykułu są szczególne uprawnienia nieletnich wynikające ze stosownych przepisów ustawowych i wykonawczych. Kolejno omawiane są takie kwestie jak: prawo nieletnich do wykonywania praktyk religijnych i korzystania z posług, do bezpośredniego uczestnictwa w nabożeństwach, do słuchania transmitowanych nabożeństw, do posiadania służących do praktyk religijnych przedmiotów, do uczestniczenia w nauczaniu i lekcjach religii, do uczestniczenia w działalności charytatywnej i społecznej związku wyznaniowego i spotkań indywidualnych z duchownym. Dalej autor omawia ograniczenia wolności sumienia i religii nieletnich przestępców. Te związane są z izolacyjnym charakterem wykonywania środków karnych z zasadą tolerancji i reguły niezakłócania porządku w zakładzie. Następna część artykułu poświęcona jest instytucji kapelana zakładu poprawczego (odniesienie do przepisów zwłaszcza prawa kanonicznego, kwestie etatowe i zakres czynności). Ponadto autor porównuje uprawnienia religijne skazanych i nieletnich przestępców i zwraca uwagę na niemal identyczne prawa. Artykuł kończą postulaty legislacyjne związane z opracowaniem nowych przepisów dotyczących kwestii wolności sumienia i religii nieletnich w taki sposób, aby nie były one jedynie powieleniem uprawnień osób przebywających w środowisku więziennym, a uwzględniały kwestie odrębnego traktowania nieletnich. Ponadto postuluje się także, aby nowe przepisy miały charakter rozstrzygnięć szczegółowych, a nie ogólnych. Należy także wyeliminować takie rozwiązania, jak chociażby pozaprawne kategorie form życia religijnego w sytuacji wykorzystania znanej i wystarczająco opisanej w literaturze instytucji praktyk i posług religijnych rozumianych szeroko. Kolejny postulat dotyczy złagodzenia klauzuli ograniczenia wolności sumienia i religii ze względu na zasady tolerancji i potrzebę niezakłócania porządku w zakładzie. Ponadto proponuje się złagodzenie zbytnio rozbudowanych klauzul generalnych związanych z potrzebą przestrzegania praw nieletnich i prawidłowości w funkcjonowaniu zakładów poprawczych i schronisk dla nieletnich. Zasadnym byłoby także zmodyfikowanie przepisu umożliwiającego nieletnim jedynie słuchania nabożeństw i zastąpienia tego uprawnienia „odbiorem”. Należy również zmienić charakter całego katalogu uprawnień religijnych przysługujących nieletnim z taksatywnego na egzemplaryczny. Zmiany wymaga też sytuacja etatowa kapelanów zakładów poprawczych i schronisk dla nieletnich.
    The subject of the analysis is freedom of conscience and religion of juvenile delinquents. At first the author discusses juvenile delinquents and places where they undergo punishment. He names types of youth detention centres listing rights provided to the youth in each of them. Further on he analyses freedom of conscience and religion in general and defines freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, freedom of belief. Next the subject of the article are special rights of juveniles that are the consequence of legislative and executive regulations describing such issues as follows: the right of juveniles to practice their faith and participate in religious services, to listen to religious ceremonies to possess religious objects used in worship, to participate in religious classes in charity and social activity of religious communities and to individual meetings with a priest or any other clergyman. Further on the author discusses the limitations of freedom of conscience and religion of juvenile delinquents. Those connected with the isolating character of the prison, together with the rule of tolerance and the rule of non-interruption of the order in prison. The next part of the article is dedicated to the institution of the prison chaplain in reference to the regulations of canon law, employment conditions and range of responsibilities. The author also compares the religious privileges of adult imprisoned to juvenile offenders and points to an almost identical legal status of the two groups. The article is summed up by legislative demands such as providing new regulations for the issues of freedom of conscience and religion in a way that would be adapted to the needs of juvenile offenders and were not a mere copy of rights of adolescent criminals. The regulations should be specific rather than general in character they should also eliminate illegal religious practices in a broad sense. The next point is to mitigate the law restricting freedom of conscience and religion in respect to the rule of tolerance and the need not to interrupt order in prison moreover it is suggested to extenuate much too complicated general rules connected with the need to obey the rights of juvenile offenders and the need of correct functioning of secure detention and secure confinement centres for juveniles. Modifying the regulation enabling listening to religious ceremonies only would be reasonable. There should also be a change in the range of religious privileges of young offenders from taxative to exemplified one. Employment conditions of institutional prison chaplains need changing as well.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego; 2012, 15; 157-184
    2081-8882
    2544-3003
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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