Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "natural" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Innovative solutions in natural gas engineering
Autorzy:
Łaciak, M.
Włodek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
natural gas sector
Natural Gas Engineering
innovative solutions
Opis:
The role of natural gas increases in the world energy mix. Natural gas is an ecologic fuel and is used as an energy source in various industries, primarily in transportation. The increased role of natural gas causes the research for innovations and technology development. In modern industry technological innovations should not be presented only as a simple laboratory activities to develop a new tools, solutions and technological processes in natural gas sector. With the rapid development of the natural gas sector in the world in many countries the process of transformation of the national industrial base with the use of natural gas has begun. Natural gas can also be considered as an important bridge to other alternative sources of energy derived from fuel and effective for the environment. In this article the latest trends in the natural gas sector are collected and presented.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 1; 259-271
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of ORC systems at natural gas compression station
Autorzy:
Kowalski, R.
Łaciak, M.
Liszka, K.
Oliinyk, A.
Paszylk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
transmission pipelines
natural gas composition
contamination of natural gas
Opis:
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with combustible methane as the main component, the content of which usually exceeds 90. Among the remaining components of natural gas are ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds. Helium can be also found in some natural gas fields. The composition of natural gas depends on, e.g. the field from which the gas comes, and also way in which it is transported, i.e. pipelines, LNG technology. The quality of natural gas is regulated by respective standards. Gas transmission pipelines are the most popular method, dominating on the international gas market, though LNG technology has recently started to play the more and more prominent role. The intensive development of renewable energy sources is accompanied by the development of the Power to gas technology - the electric energy excess is used for the hydrogen production, which can be directed to the existing natural gas network and such a mixture of natural gas and nitrogen is transmitted. At present transmission pipelines for nitride natural gas Ls and Lw exist in Poland. The aim of this paper is analyzing the influence of natural gas admixtures on the operation parameters of transmission pipelines.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 2; 513-530
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the participation of various components in natural gas transport
Autorzy:
Apostol, R.
Kowalski, R.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Olijnyk, A.
Szurlej, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
transmission pipelines
natural gas composition
contamination of natural gas
Opis:
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with combustible methane as the main component, the content of which usually exceeds 90%. Among the remaining components of natural gas are ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds. Helium can be also found in some natural gas fields. The composition of natural gas depends on, e.g. the field from which the gas comes, and also way in which it is transported, i.e. pipelines, LNG technology. The quality of natural gas is regulated by respective standards. Gas transmission pipelines are the most popular and dominant method of gas transport on the international gas market, though LNG technology has recently started to play an increasingly prominent role. The intensive development of renewable energy sources is accompanied by the development of the Power to gas technology – the electric energy excess is used for the hydrogen production, which can be directed to the existing natural gas network and such a mixture of natural gas and nitrogen is transmitted. At present, transmission pipelines for nitride natural gas Ls and Lw exist in Poland. The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of natural gas admixtures on the operational parameters of transmission pipelines.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 4; 883-894
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological and safety aspects of CNG home fast refueling units
Autorzy:
Kuczyński, S.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Oliinyk, A.
Strods, R.
Szurlej, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298681.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
CNG
natural gas
safety
natural gas vehicles
Opis:
Despite all global economic shifts and the fact that natural gas is recognized worldwide as the main and the leading alternative to oil products in transportation sector, there is a huge barrier to switch passenger vehicle segment to natural gas – the lack of refueling infrastructure for natural gas vehicles. The key to solving that problem and providing barrier breaking refueling infrastructure solution for natural gas vehicles (NGV) is home fast refueling units. It operates using natural gas (methane), which is being provided through gas pipelines at client’s home, and electricity connection point. It enables an environmentally friendly NGV’s home refueling just in minutes. The underlying technology is one stage hydraulic compressor (instead of multistage mechanical compressor technology) which provides the possibility to compress low pressure gas from residential gas grid to 200 bar for its further usage as a fuel for NGVs. More than efficiency and convenience, the direct hydraulic compressor technology provides compelling cost and lifetime advantages as well as superior convenience over other solutions. Aims of this article is to compare technical, technological and safety aspects of home refueling units and estimate a perspectives of natural gas vehicles as an alternative for regular vehicles.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2016, 33, 2; 425-432
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural gas consumption by cookers in multi-family houses
Autorzy:
Jasiewicz, M.
Nadolna, M.
Stec, M.
Słobodzian-Ksenicz, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
natural gas consumption
simultaneity coefficient
Opis:
This article presents the results of research on the natural gas consumption of cookers in two multi-family houses located in a large housing estate in a city with a population of 100,000 people. Monthly, daily, and hourly variations in natural gas consumption were analyzed. The actual maximum consumption was determined and compared with the calculated demand for natural gas.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2018, 35, 3; 413-421
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The retrograde condensation problem in natural gas pipeline transportation system
Autorzy:
Włodek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
reverse condensation
pipelines
natural gas pipelines
Opis:
Natural gas prepared for pipeline transportation must have appropriate parameters described in norms and standards. This entails a restrictive approach to acceptable changes in the composition of the natural gas in pipeline transmission system. The greater number of entry points to the pipeline transmission system causes a greater probability of natural gas diversity in terms of the content of its individual components. It particularly concerns the natural gas sources in which treatment methods are not sufficiently accurate and also imported gas. In specific cases where natural gas with a higher content of heavier hydrocarbons such as propane and butane will enter the transportation system, it is possible for the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation to occur. The occurrence of the two-phase system significantly worsens the pipeline transport conditions, causing significant pressure drops of transported natural gas. The article examines cases where the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation occurred in the pipeline transportation of natural gas.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 3; 701-713
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In the face of the rising importance of natural gas to the Polish economy
Autorzy:
Skrzyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
natural resource security
national security
energy policy
natural gas
pipelines
transportation investment
natural resources
Opis:
Objective: The purpose of this text is to determine ways of diversifying the sources of origin and directions for importing natural gas to Poland until the agreement for the supply of Russian gas expires in 2022. In so doing, the growth of extraction in Poland, deliveries from other countries and the partial replacement of gas in the economy with raw materials available in Poland are all analys ed. Research design and methods: A reasonable approach to energy policy, factor analysis and elements of multidimensional comparative analysis were adopted. Findings: It is important that gas imports to the country are substantially increased in winter and it is essential that the capacity of gas storage facilities, in particular cavity facilities, is increased as well. Furthermore, it is necessary to attempt to reduce energy consumption, with different preferences that facilitate the growth of the share of renewable sources of energy (RSE) in the energy mix. Implications / Recommendations: This article presents arrangements which may prove to be useful for implementation of Polish energy policy. Contribution / Value Added: Considerable political changes and alterations to the gas market have superseded a number of researchers’ arrangements and forecasts concerning Poland. What is missing is a comprehensive analysis, based on data from 2017 and 2018, of increasing the diversification of gas supplies to Poland.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2019, 1(47); 48-60
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of hydrogen transported through a gas pipeline on the functioning of gas compression station work
Autorzy:
Zabrzeski, Ł.
Janusz, P.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Szurlej, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas pipelines
natural gas
hydrogen
gas compression stations
Opis:
The production of hydrogen based on excess electricity and transporting it by pipeline as a mixture with natural gas may be an excellent completion of an energy system. When dealing with gas transmission over long distances, gas compression stations become an integral part of the natural gas grid, providing desired pressure of this source of power in pipes. In this paper the effect that hydrogen admixture has on the main parameters of the operation of gas compression stations was described.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 4; 959-968
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global optimal vessel capacity for LNG production and transportation
Autorzy:
Igboanusi, Cninemerem
Amuji, Harrison Obiora
Onukwube, Obioma G.
Chikadibia, Nwosu Azuwueze
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych
Tematy:
natural gas
liquefied natural gas
vessel capacity
transportation
linear programming
Opis:
In this paper, developed a linear programming model to determine the volume of vessels that will give an optimal return on investment. The solution to the developed model was carried out using the Interior Point algorithm with the help of the MATLAB package. The analysis observed that the production and transporting of the LNG with a vessel of capacity 178,5006m3 would give an optimal profit of 633,640 million USD. And from the results of the analysis, we observed that the decision to take the maximum modern capacity instead of lower capacities yields the highest profit.
Źródło:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics; 2022, 7, 1; 82-89
2520-2979
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality analysis in the supply chain of transported LNG
Autorzy:
Czerwińska, Karolina
Pacana, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101776.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
supply chain
natural gas
liquefied natural gas
LNG
quality control
Opis:
The natural gas market has changed over the last few years. The approach to commercial relations hitherto was conditioned by the method of supply of this raw material, which was mainly carried out using gas pipelines. Taking into account the fact that natural gas has a six hundred times higher energy density in the form of LNG than in uncompressed form, it is economically justified to transport the resource by more than just traditional gas pipelines. Maritime transport of LNG has become an alternative means of delivering volumes to areas with insufficient gas resources. The article presents general methods of settlement and quality control of LNG in marine loading and receiving terminals. The types of measurements used in LNG settlements carried out on ships and on land are analysed. The aim of the paper was to analyse the way of ensuring and supervising the quality of LNG transported to the ship and to design an assessment form and monitor the stability of the quality level of LNG supplies with the use of a single measurement control card. It is proposed to use a two-track numerical stabilisation control card for single measurements and a mobile range IX-MR (Xi-MR).
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2019, 2 (4); 3-18
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CNG - a new way of maritime natural gas supplies
CNG - nowy sposób morskich dostaw gazu ziemnego
Autorzy:
Żuchowicki, J.
Lelonek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
gaz ziemny
CNG
transport morski
natural gas
compressed natural gas
Opis:
Among other conventional energy sources, on the present level of technology development, natural gas is a primary energy source, which has the lowest level of harmful substances emission both for humans and the environment. Comparing to coal - in the burning process of the natural gas there is a very low emission of pollutants: trace amounts of sulphur and carbon dioxide, which established natural gas' position as an environmentally friendly fuel. CO2 emission expressed in CO2 kg/kWh of fuel during burning process of lignite amounts to 0.40; of hard coal - 0.33; of heavy fuel oil - 0.28; of light fuel oil - 0.26 and 0.20 of gas. The use of natural gas as a fuel instead of other kinds of fossil fuels, e.g.: coal, results in decreasing harmful substances emission. Therefore, CO2 emission or sulphur dioxide emission is much smaller. What's more, lower CO2 emission means decreasing the greenhouse effect and lower sulphur dioxide emission reduces the amount of acid rains. Natural gas system is different than networks, such as water supply, heat or electricity in such way that, in Poland it is necessary to acquire most of the distributed medium from the sources located outside Polish borders.
Zastosowanie gazu ziemnego jako paliwa w miejsce innych rodzajów paliw kopalnych, takich jak, np. węgiel, przynosi efekt w postaci ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych substancji do atmosfery. Zmniejszeniu ulega bowiem, między innymi, emisja dwutlenku węgla, dwutlenku siarki. Zmniejszanie wielkości emisji dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery wpływa na obniżenie skali zjawiska cieplarnianego. Natomiast zmniejszenie emisji dwutlenku siarki skutkuje redukcją ilości kwaśnych deszczy Podstawowym problemem zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny odbiorców w Polsce jest to, że zasoby tego surowca energetycznego zlokalizowane na terenie naszego kraju nie są w stanie zaspokoić istniejących zapotrzebowań. Koniczne jest więc importowanie gazu ziemnego. Dostawy gazu ziemnego, w zależności od dostępnej infrastruktury gazowej, wielkości danego rynku zbytu, odległości od źródła gazu oraz innych uwarunkowań, mogą być realizowane z wykorzystaniem rurociągów (gazociągów) lub też drogą morską (statki dostarczające LNG z ang. Liquefied Natural Gas, statki dostarczające CNG z ang. Compressed Natural Gas). Podstawową zaletą łańcucha dostaw CNG są stosunkowo niewielkie nakłady związane z infrastrukturą załadunkową i rozładunkową. Niemniej największym nakładem kapitałowym jest flota statków CNG (około 80%). Inne elementy łańcucha dostaw związane z wydobyciem i obróbką gazu ziemnego jak również z rozprowadzeniem gazu do odbiorców końcowych gazociągami są tożsame z innymi sposobami dostaw gazu ziemnego. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd proponowanych rozwiązań umożliwiających transport morski gazu ziemnego w postaci CNG. Przedstawione rozwiązania to w chwili obecnej koncepcje, a załączone rysunki statków przedstawiają możliwy wygląd statków CNG z zastosowaniem różnych technologii.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 137-148
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ways of increasing natural gas storage capacity in underground gas storages in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Bujok, Petr
Klempa, Martin
Kunz, Antonin
Porzer, Michal
Rado, Robert
Roček, Erik
Ryba, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
storage of natural gas
geological structures
Czech Republic
Opis:
Natural gas fields are usually located far away from the end users and industrially developed countries, where the gas demand is highest. In such cases, natural gas is transported from the production site to the receiver mainly with gas pipelines. Such pipelines may transmit a definite volume of natural gas. Most of the time gas transport is stable in time, unless the demand changes, e.g. in winter or in the case of pipeline failure. In such a case the pipeline system cannot cover the increased demand and supply sufficient amounts of gas. One of the ways to solve the problem of varying demand and limited potential as far as gas transmission over long distances is concerned, are underground gas storages, thanks to which the operational gas deliveries can be regulated, i.e. it can be stored in periods of lower demand and used in the high demand situations. This safety buffer provides the stability and reliability of the entire natural gas distribution system. The methods of increasing the natural gas storage capacity of UGS were discussed in this paper with special emphasis on the primary and secondary tightness of geological structures hosting UGS. Authors also analyzed how laboratory tests conducted at VŠB-TU Ostrava can be broadened to verify the possibilities of increasing natural gas storing capacity, depending of the geological horizons and structures in which the UGS is located.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2019, 36, 1; 113-123
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applicability of equations for pressure losses in transmission gas pipelines
Autorzy:
Janusz, P.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Smulski, R.
Oiinyk, A.
Susak, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
transmission system
Opis:
Transmission pipelines for gas have large a diameter and high pressure. Gas pump stations are built along the pipeline and their main task is to increase gas pressure to the technologically and economically justified level. Determining the exact value of pressure drop in the pipeline is the major problem in gas pipeline transport. The drop of pressure is a result of external and internal frict ion. The pressure can be lowered in the gas pipeline but this depends on the geometric parameters of the latter, i.e. le ngth, inner diameter, full-length profile, quantity and temperature of transmitted gas and its thermodynamic properties. The technical condition of the transmission pipe- line and the character of gas flow in the pipeline have a great infl uence on the pressure variations. A number of mathematical models focus on determining the drop of pressure in a pipeline section. The value of deviations of calculated values from the real data in each mode l strictly depends on the conditions in the pipeline. The aim of this paper is an analysis of applicability ranges of various equations for pressure losses in transmission pipelines.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2015, 32, 3; 525-538
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of the changes of the composition of natural gas transported in high-pressure gas pipelines
Autorzy:
Janusz, P.
Liszka, K.
Łaciak, M.
Oliinyk, A.
Susak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
natural gas
transmission system
Opis:
Natural gas is one of the major fuels covering home demand for energy. Natural gas consumption has been observed to systematically increase over the last five years. Intensive works are conducted on the development of the national gas network leading to the diversifi cation of directions and sources of blue gas. Natural gas consists of various components. Its composition depends on the source of origin and has a decisive influence on thermodynamic and hydraulic properties. The content of heavy hydrocarbon gases increases the calorific value of the gaseous fuel, whereas the high content of inorganic components lowers the amount of energy obtained in the course of natural gas combustion, and environmentally hazardous chemical compounds are formed. As far as gas transport is concerned, too high content of heavy hydrocarbon gases (propane, butane, pentane) is disadvantageous. In high pressure conditions the C3-C5 class gases change to a liquid phase. This results in the change of the calorific value, lower hydraulic efficiency of the pipeline diameter and potentially faster corrosion processes on the inner surface of the pipeline.This paper is aimed at presenting results of changes of natural gas composition in a function of distance at which the fuel is transported. The respective analyses will be conducted with the use of analytical methods and commercial pipeline simulators.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2015, 32, 4; 713-722
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gaz ziemny na świecie, w Europie i w Polsce : zasoby, handel, dywersyfikacja
Natural gas in the world, Europe and Poland : reserves, trade and diversification
Autorzy:
Rychlicki, S.
Siemek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
gaz ziemny
natural gas
Opis:
W artykule autorzy przedstawili sytuację w zakresie handlu gazem ziemnym oraz jego zasobów w świecie. Pokazano także prognozy dla przemysłu gazowniczego z podziałem na poszczególne regiony. Oprócz tego autorzy wskazali kierunki dywersyfikacji dostaw gazu do Polski. Ponadto przedstawiono wykorzystanie gazu ziemnego i węgla do produkcji energii elektrycznej.
In the paper are presented the actual situation in natural gas trade and gas reserves. Also are shown the prognosis in gas industry in different world's regions. Else it the authors indicate the direction of gas supply diversification to Poland. The utilization of natural gas and coal in the electric power station is also presented.
Źródło:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2006, 23, 2; 715-732
1507-0042
Pojawia się w:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies