Temat: kultura ludzka - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Natura ludzka w ujęciu Rogera Scrutona w kontekście wniosków etologicznych Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego
Human nature according to Roger Scruton in the context of Jerzy Chmurzyński‘s ethological conclusions
Autorzy:: Perz, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076102.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydział Teologiczny
Tematy:: human nature
the peculiarity of man
ethology
evolution
culture
natura ludzka
osobliwość człowieka
etologia
ewolucja
kultura
Opis:: The article presents Scruton and Chmurzyński's views on human nature. Scruton's philosophical analysis and Chmurzyński's methodological compositionism in ethology lead the authors to similar conclusions, in opposition to the reductionist approach of sociobiology. The authors underline that the human being - as a result of biological evolution - has achieved the level unattainable even for most advanced animals. Humanity takes structure of behaviour, in which fulfilling biological imperatives is not suficient, as there appears space for free will with ethics and aesthetics. A human being is a person who cannot be described only in biological terms. This shows that the vision of humanity presented by Scruton gains a new argument in the form of classical ethology research and conclusions formulated on the basis of it by Chmurzyński.
Artykuł ukazuje przedstawienie ludzkiej natury przez Rogera Scrutona na tle prac polskiego etologa Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego. Analiza filozoficzna Scrutona i metodologiczny kompozycjonizm Chmurzyńskiego prowadzą obu autorów do zbieżnych wniosków, będących w opozycji do redukcjonistycznego podejścia socjobiologii. Pokazują, że natura człowieka jest wynikiem ewolucji biologicznej, która doprowadziła do poziomu rozwoju niedostępnego nawet dla najbardziej rozwiniętych zwierząt. Ludzie niepodlegają wyłącznie imperatywom biologicznym, posiadają wolną wolę, a wraz z nią etykę i estetykę. Istota ludzka jest osobą, której nie da się opisać wyłącznie w kategoriach biologicznych. Praca niniejsza ukazuje, że wizja człowieczeństwa Scrutona zyskuje dodatkową argumentację w postaci wniosków Chmurzyńskiego formułowanych na podstawie osiągnięć etologii klasycznej.
Źródło:: Studia Paradyskie; 2021, 31; 271-287
0860-8539
Pojawia się w:: Studia Paradyskie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Tożsamość natury ludzkiej i dominująca w kulturze europejskiej strategia tożsamościowa
The Identity of Human Nature and the Dominant Identity Strategy in European Culture
Autorzy:: Flis, Maria Jolanta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1372853.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-06-25
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: identity
human nature
culture
European culture
identity strategies
nationalism
populism
engagement
tożsamość
natura ludzka
kultura
kultura europejska
strategie tożsamościowe
nacjonalizm
populizm
zaangażowanie
Opis:: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between the concept of human nature and culturally dominant strategies for constructing the “Other” in European culture. This relationship results in specific challenges for the social anthropologist, particularly in connection with efforts to overcome common knowledge by unveiling and disclosing the real structure of social processes. The sphere of biopolitics has shown that citizens can be stimulated by fear to act. Yet fear has a moral dimension, and thus an engaged anthropology is now needed in order to combat social injustice more actively.
Źródło:: Kultura i Społeczeństwo; 2020, 64, 2; 139-155
2300-195X
Pojawia się w:: Kultura i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Filozofowanie w kontekście języka. Refleksje w związku z dociekaniami Anny Wierzbickiej
Philosophising in the Context of Language. Reflections in Relation with Anna Wierzbicka’s Investigations
Autorzy:: Bronk, Andrzej
Majdański, Stanisław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015653.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2004
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:: językoznawstwo
filozofia
kultura
człowiek
natura ludzka
język
umysł
indefinibilia
uniwersalia językowe
linguistics
philosophy
culture
man
human nature
language
mind
linguistic universals
Opis:: The linguistic studies written by Anna Wierzbicka have been an occasion for the remarks on the relationship between linguistics and philosophy and for the question whether linguistic enquiries entitle us to put forward philosophical theses. In particular, whether and to what extent we indeed learn something philosophically significant about the world (of culture) and the nature man and his mind by examining language. Defining here position as interdisciplinary, Wierzbicka draws on the studies of the relationship between language and culture, language and mind (language is a mirror of the mind – Leibniz). She claims that philosophy can be made a reliable science, provided it is based on linguistics, and the results of linguistic analyses can be found at the grounds of philosophical theses. Such philosophical references are A. Wierzbicka's attempts to combine semantics with generativism (Chomsky). Her intention to bring about a holistic description of language through defining elementary expressions (concepts, meanings), the so-called indefinibilia (“primitives”) can also be called philosophical in character. They suffice to define all the remaining expressions, and basic universal syntactic constructs in the form of a grammar of elementary units, i.e. the ways of combining elementary units into greater wholes. We think that Wierzbicka's procedure, her quest after primary elements (of language) are reducing. A. Wierzbicka's main idea, with regard to the relationship between language and mind, may be understood as follows: this is a Janus-faced relationship – one face (empirically accessible) is language, the other one is the mind accessible through investigations on language. Both “faces” (spheres) are somehow functionally “glued together”. In fact, however, Wierzbicka speaks little about the philosophically comprehended nature of man, whereas she speaks much about linguistic varieties and similarities among people. Generally speaking, while she declares herself to be a linguist, she has a philosophical temper and ambitions to generalise, i.e. she conducts linguistic studies with an intention to arrive at philosophical theses (by examining language she wants to obtain knowledge about the world and man). She issues statements which go beyond a purely linguistic knowledge and strictly linguistic data, hence they are not made legitimate by the linguistic material itself. A. Wierzbicka does not explain in more detail her way of understanding philosophy, assuming its intuitive comprehension. From some contexts it can be deduced that she takes it to mean a worldview. Should we call some parts of her reasoning a philosophy, it is then not a realistic philosophy but subject-oriented (first-person philosophising), such that touches upon the problems of the borderline between linguistics and philosophy, more concerned with the axis language-user than language-the world. Simultaneously, it is a non-demarcated and non-autonomic philosophising, exactly within the context of science, for it takes advantage of the results of empirical sciences to pose philosophical theses. The belief that philosophy can be pursued within a linguistic context coincides with the approach of analytical philosophy with its linguistic turn. Despite her declarations to make philosophy more scientific, Wierzbicka's arguments on behalf of the generalised (philosophical) theses are more their illustration and explication than a decisive legitimacy. Her belief that one can find some common, primitive linguistic units (simplicia) in the form of a complete set of independent concepts for all languages of the world seems utopian. It is difficult to do it even in deductive systems, constructed by way of the axiomatic method and with a finite set of initial expressions.
Źródło:: Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2004, 52, 2; 57-73
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:: Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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