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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Ternary SnZnAl Lead-Free Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloy
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    scanning electron microscopy
    stop bezołowiowy
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    mikroskop skaningowy
    Opis:
    The paper describes the studies of ternary SnZn9Al1.5 lead-free alloy from the viewpoint of its mechanical behavior as well as microstructure examined by the light and scanning electron microscopy. The authors focused their attention specifically on the fatigue parameters determined by the original modified low-cycle fatigue method (MLCF), which in a quick and economically justified way allows determination of a number of mechanical parameters based on the measurement data coming from one test sample only. The effect of the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy on its microstructure and the obtained level of mechanical parameters was analyzed. The phases and intermetallic compounds occurring in the alloy were identified based on the chemical analysis carried out in micro-areas by the SEM/EDS technique. It was shown that the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy resulted in a more favorable microstructure and consequently had a positive effect on the mechanical parameters of the alloy. Based on the conducted research, it was recommended to use a combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory to quickly evaluate the microstructure and the original MLCF method to determine a number of mechanical parameters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 31-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ utleniania podłoża niklowego na zwilżanie w układzie stop przemysłowy 226D/Ni
    Effect of substrate oxidation of nickel on wetting behaviour in industrial alloy 226D/Ni system
    Autorzy:
    Kudyba, A.
    Sobczak, N.
    Siewiorek, A.
    Homa, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    kinetyka zwilżania
    mikrotwardość
    mikrostruktura
    włókna węglowe
    kompozyty
    wetting kinetics
    microhardness
    microstructure
    carbon fibres
    composites
    Opis:
    Celem badań było określenie wpływu czynników technologicznych (obróbka powierzchniowa oraz czas kontaktu), na kinetykę zwilżania podłoży niklowych przez ciekły stop aluminium. Badania kinetyki zwilżania przeprowadzono w próżni w temperaturze 700°C, stosując metodę kropli leżącej, z zastosowaniem procedury badawczej CP (capillary purification). Polega ona na osobnym nagrzewaniu badanej pary materiałów przy jednoczesnym oczyszczaniu kropli metalu z powłoki tlenkowej poprzez wyciskanie ciekłego metalu z kapilary grafitowej. Do badań stosowano stop przemysłowy 226D (Al osnowa, Si 10,75%, Cu 3,3%, Fe 0,75%, Mn 0,215%, Mg 0,2%, Zn 0,23%) oraz polerowane podłoża niklowe (Ni 99,8%) przed i po utlenieniu w temperaturze 200°C w czasie 2 godzin (Niox). Poprzeczne przekroje próbek po badaniach zwilżalności poddano próbom wytrzymałości na ścinanie, a także wykonano pomiary mikrotwardości oraz obserwacje strukturalne na mikroskopie świetlnym i skaningowym w celu wyjaśnienia struktury granic rozdziału 226D/Ni oraz 226D/Niox.
    The aim of this study was to determine the impact of technological factors (surface treatment and contact time) on the kinetics of wetting of nickel substrates by a liquid aluminum alloy. Wetting kinetics studies were carried out in vacuum at 700°C with a sessile drop method, using the CP (capillary purification) test procedure. The CP procedure involves heating separately a pair of test materials, while a drop of metal is cleaned from the oxide coating by pressing the melt through the graphite drip. Tests were carried out on the industrial alloy 226D (Al base, Si 10.75%, Cu 3.3%, Fe 0.75%, Mn 0.215%, Mg 0.2%, Zn 0.23%), and pellets of freshly polished nickel (Ni 99.8%) and nickel oxidized at 200°C for 2 hours (Niox). After wettability tests the transverse sections of the solidified samples were subjected to shear strength trials, measurements of microhardness and structural observations by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to clarify the structure of phase boundaries in 226D/Ni and 226D/Niox pairs.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 3; 27-44
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fatigue Life and Microstructure after Multiple Remelting of A359 Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles
    Autorzy:
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Pietrzak, K.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Sobczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352210.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    alloy
    composite
    microstructure
    properties
    recycling
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of fatigue life tests and microstructure examinations of A359 alloy matrix composites (F3S.10S and F3S.30S) containing 10 and 30wt% of SiC particles, subjected to multiple remelting by conventional gravity casting. Mechanical characteristics were determined in a modified low cycle fatigue (MLCF) test, enabling rapid estimation of fatigue life and other mechanical parameters in practice of any material. Qualitative and quantitative metallographic examinations were also carried out. The quantitative evaluation of microstructure was performed by computer image analysis. A set of geometrical parameters of the reinforcing particles, pores and eutectic precipitates present in the metal matrix was determined. The relationships between the mechanical parameters, structural characteristics and the number of remelting operations were presented. It was found that up to the fourth remelting, the mechanical characteristics, including fatigue life, are slightly deteriorated but decrease gradually in the subsequent operations of remelting. The observed effect is mainly due to the shrinkage porosity occurring as a result of gravity casting. To eliminate this defect, the use of squeeze casting process was recommended. It has also been shown that multiple remelting can be an easy and economically well-founded alternative to other more expensive recycling methods.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2123-2128
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative Studies of Microstructure and Fatigue Life of Selected Lead-free Alloys
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379514.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloys
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    stopy bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    Lead-free alloys containing various amounts of zinc (4.5%, 9%, 13%) and constant copper addition (1%) were discussed. The results of microstructure examinations carried out by light microscopy (qualitative and quantitative) and by SEM were presented. In the light microscopy, a combinatorial method was used for the quantitative evaluation of microstructure. In general, this method is based on the phase quanta theory according to which every microstructure can be treated as an arrangement of phases/structural components in the matrix material. Based on this method, selected geometrical parameters of the alloy microstructure were determined. SEM examinations were based on chemical analyses carried out in microregions by EDS technique. The aim of the analyses was to identify the intermetallic phases/compounds occurring in the examined alloys. In fatigue testing, a modified low cycle fatigue test method (MLCF) was used. Its undeniable advantage is the fact that each time, using one sample only, several mechanical parameters can be estimated. As a result of structure examinations, the effect of alloying elements on the formation of intermetallic phases and compounds identified in the examined lead-free alloys was determined. In turn, the results of mechanical tests showed the effect of intermetallic phases identified in the examined alloys on their fatigue life. Some concepts and advantages of the use of the combinatorial and MLCF methods in materials research were also presented.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 111-116
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Parameters of Lead-Free Sn-Zn Solders with Various Zn Content
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379846.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    The study includes the results of research conducted on selected lead-free binary solder alloys designed for operation at high temperatures. The results of qualitative and quantitative metallographic examinations of SnZn alloys with various Zn content are presented. The quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out using a combinatorial method based on phase quanta theory, according to which any microstructure can be treated as an array of elements disposed in the matrix material. Fatigue tests were also performed using the capabilities of a modified version of the LCF method hereinafter referred to in short as MLCF, which is particularly useful in the estimation of mechanical parameters when there are difficulties in obtaining a large number of samples normally required for the LCF test. The fatigue life of alloys was analyzed in the context of their microstructure. It has been shown that the mechanical properties are improved with the Zn content increasing in the alloy. However, the best properties were obtained in the alloy with a chemical composition close to the eutectic system, when the Zn-rich precipitates showed the most preferred morphological characteristics. At higher content of Zn, a strong structural notch was formed in the alloy as a consequence of the formation in the microstructure of a large amount of the needle-like Zn-rich precipitates deteriorating the mechanical characteristics. Thus, the results obtained during previous own studies, which in the field of mechanical testing were based on static tensile test only, have been confirmed. It is interesting to note that during fatigue testing, both significant strengthening and weakening of the examined material can be expected. The results of fatigue tests performed on SnZn alloys have proved that in this particular case the material was softened.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 131-136
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Life of Sn-Zn Lead-free Solders with 1% of Ag Addition
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The article presents the study results of Sn-Zn lead-free solders with the various Zn content. The results concern the hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic alloys containing respectively 4.5% Zn, 9% Zn and 13.5% Zn. Moreover, these alloys contain the constant Ag (1%) addition. The aim of the study was to determine the microstructural conditionings of their fatigue life. In particular it was focused on answer the question what meaning can be assigned to the Ag addition in the chemical composition of binary Sn-Zn alloys. The research includes a qualitative and quantitative assessments of the alloy microstructures, that have been carried out in the field of light microscopy (LM). In order to determine some geometrical parameters of the microstructure of alloys the combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory was applied. Moreover, for the identification necessities the chemical analyses in the micro-areas by SEM/EDS technics were also performed. Based on the SEM/EDS results the phases and intermetallic compounds existing in the examined lead-free solders were identified. The mechanical characteristics were determined by means of the modified low cycle test (MLCF). Based on this method and on the results obtained every time from only one sample the dozen of essential mechanical parameters were evaluated. The research results were the basis of analyzes concerning the effects of microstructural geometrical parameters of lead-free alloys studied on their fatigue life at ambient temperature.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 87-92
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TEM investigation of phases formed during aluminium wetting of MgO at [100], [110] and [111] orientations
    Analiza fazowa metodą TEM produktów reakcji powstałych w czasie zwilżania przez aluminium podłoży MgO o orientacji [100], [100] i [111]
    Autorzy:
    Morgiel, J.
    Sobczak, N.
    Pomorska, M.
    Nowak, R.
    Wojewoda-Budka, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Al/MgO reaction
    α-Al2O3
    MgAl2O4
    microstructure
    TEM
    EDS
    reakcja Al/MgO
    Al2O3
    Opis:
    The interaction of liquid aluminium (5N) with single crystal MgO substrates of [100], [110] and [111] orientations (surface roughness <1 nm) were studied using sessile drop wettability test performed at 1000ºC for 1 hour in vacuum (5 x 10-6 mbar). The observations performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the interaction of liquid metal with MgO crystals in all cases resulted in the formation of reaction products region (RPR) of thickness varying from 40 up to 80 microns in depth. In each case the RPR consisted mainly of coarse dendrite-like crystallites of few microns thick surrounded by net of much thinner channels. Occasionally away from the RPR centre the areas built of much finner but also dendrite- or filament-like crystallites were noted. The thin foils for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations were cut using focused ion beam system (FIB) both from drop/RPR as well as RPR/MgO interfacial regions. The electron diffractions proved that the dominating coarse dendrite-like crystallites are of the same α-Al2O3 type throughout the whole RPR for all substrates orientations. Similarly, the colonies of finer crystallites always showed diffraction patterns characteristic for MgAl2O4 spinel. Therefore, the performed investigation indicated, that both the reaction layer depth and the reaction path represented by the sequence and type of phases present in Al/MgO RPR remain roughly similar for all examined orientations, i.e. that the substrate orientation control neither reaction kinetics, nor affects final phase composition of RPR.
    Oddziaływanie ciekłego aluminium (5N) z mono-krystalicznymi podłożami o orientacji [100], [110] i [111] (chropowatość <1nm) badano metodą kropli leżącej w 1000ºC przez 1 godzine w dynamicznej próżni rzędu 10-4 Pa. Obserwacje z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii skaningowej (SEM) wykazały, że oddziaływanie ciekłego metalu z kryształami MgO we wszystkich przypadkach prowadziło do wytworzenia strefy produktów reakcji (tzw. reaction produkt region - RPR) o grubości od 40 do 80 mum. W strefach tych wystepowały wydzielenia o kształcie dendrytycznym rozdzielone waskimi kanałami aluminium. Na krawędziach strefy reakcji stwierdzono obecność kolejnej strefy o grubości kilku- kilkunastu-mikrometrów wypełnionej materiałem o jeszcze drobniejszej włóknistej strukturze. Obserwacje mikrostruktury prowadzono z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii transmisyjnej na cienkich foliach wycietych technika FIB zarówno z granic obu stref, oraz z granicy RPR/MgO. Obserwacje te, w powiązaniu z analizą dyfrakcji elektronowych wykazały, że dla MgO wszystkich orientacji dominujace w RPR duże wydzielenia o kształcie dendrytycznym odpowiadaja fazie α- Al2O3. Równoczesnie, analiza dyfrakcji drobniejszych krystalitów zlokalizowanych w pod-strefie ulokowanej na granicach poza centrum RPR wykazała, że mają one budowe charakterystyczna dla spinelu MgAl2O4. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zarówno grubość RPR, a w tym jej pod-strefy drobniejszych wydzieleń na jej obrzeżach, jak też drogą reakcji reprezentowana przez sekwencje i typ wydzielających się faz w czasie oddziaływania ciekłego aluminium jest identyczna dla wszystkich analizowanych monokrystalicznych podłoży MgO, tj. orientacja tych podłoży nie ma wpływu ani na skład fazowy produktów reakcji ani też na kinetykę tego procesu.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 2; 497-500
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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