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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Znaki kamieniarskie interesującym obiektem badań interdyscyplinarnych
    Masonry signs as an interesting object of interdisciplinary research
    Autorzy:
    Skoczylas, J.
    Szczepaniak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    znaki kamieniarskie
    geologia
    budowa
    architektura
    kamieniarstwo
    masonry signs
    geology
    construction
    architecture
    masonry
    Opis:
    In attempts to seek basics of geology, it is worthwhile getting to know and analysing the state of knowledge about rocks and minerals in definite historical periods. They made it on the basis of an analysis of masonry signs. After short indicating general trends in the development of construction in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and the Byzantium, the authors concentrated on the medieval architecture of Europe, Poland including the gothic cathedral in Gniezno. However, they paid a special attention to the work of stonemasons and the way of documenting the results of their work. Based on masonry signs survived till today, we can reconstruct the origin, as well as the mobility of builders of the examined object. Masonry signs are a wonderful subject of the research for multiple inquiry about interdisciplinary representatives of geological, social and technical studies.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2018, 66, 6; 361--363
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kamień podkrakowskich budowli romańskich
    Building stones used in Romansque edifices in the vicinity of Kraków
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076212.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    piaskowiec istebniański
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Istebna sandstone
    Upper Jurassic limestone
    Opis:
    Three objects were studied within a project aimed at investigation of stones used in the Romanesque edifices in the vicinity of Kraków, and continued since 2019. These are the churches in Dziekanowice (21 km SE of Kraków) and in Czchów (58 km SE of Kraków), and a clergy house in Morawica (13 W of the Kraków city centre). The church in Dziekanowice is relatively completely and well preserved, while the only Romanesque remnants of the church in Czchów are those reused in the Gothic church. It is a clergy house in Morawica (a former castle), whose walls contain Romanesque fragments. Two former edifices are built of the Istebna sandstone (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene), quarried from the local flysch bedrock. Fine-grained, grey-yellowish stone dominates. It is soft and easily workable due to argillaceous binder (matrix). The stone blocks are precisely shaped and well fitted. Romanesque remnants of the clergy house in Morawica are con- structed predominantly of limestone, also of local origin. Only a fragment of the NW wall is built of the Istebna sandstone. This fragment is probably a part of the butress supporting the NW wall. The study shows that stonemasons and builders of that time had good skills of selecting and applying proper stone blocks for particular purposes. Blocks used in load-bearing structures were exceptionally well shaped and fitted. On the other hand, those skills varied. The frieze from the Romanesque church in Czchów is rather primitive. The size of limestone blocks used in the clergy house in Morawica is strikingly similar to those of various Romanesque edifices in Kraków. It seems, therefore, that those blocks could have been quarried and shaped in quarries located in the city, where the masonry “industry” was well developed. Larger, irregular blocks, used as foundations and filler in the “opus emplectum” type walls were probably quarried on site. Moreover, stones used in more eminent edifices (churches, castles) were probably more carefully selected. The Morawica castle (clergy house) and many churches in Kraków were built of limestone blocks without cherts.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2021, 69, 2; 103--108
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    "A co tam kogo obchodziło, gdzie on szedł i co z niego robili". Kamienie Suwalszczyzny
    Rocks of the Suwalki region
    Autorzy:
    Cobel-Tokarska, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/414545.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Ameryk i Europy. Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych (EUROREG)
    Tematy:
    Suwalszczyzna
    Przerośl
    kamień
    krajobraz
    rzemiosło
    kamieniarstwo
    pogranicze
    Suwalki region
    Przerosl
    rock
    landscape
    craft
    masonry
    borderland
    Opis:
    Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczeń i sensów wiązanych w różnych dyskursach z kamieniami Suwalszczyzny. Kamień to wszechobecny element suwalskiego pejzażu, postrzegany przez turystów i innych przybyszy z zewnątrz jako jego wyjątkowy wyróżnik. Autorka próbuje sprawdzić, czy ta wyjątkowość znajduje odzwierciedlenie w sposobie myślenia mieszkańców, czy postrzegają „swoje” kamienie pozytywnie, czy negatywnie? Druga część artykułu dotyczy wizerunku regionu prezentowanego w różnego rodzaju opracowaniach, na stronach internetowych i w innych publikacjach. Porównanie tych dwóch dyskursów – codziennego i odświętnego (skierowanego celowo na zewnątrz) pozwala pełniej rozpoznać miejsce, jakie zajmują kamienie w obrazie Suwalszczyzny.
    The main objective of this article is to present the way in which people from the Suwalki region perceive their coexistence with rocks, which are ubiquitous in the region and constitute a kind of its trademark. The first question is: how do local people perceive rocks, and how do they assess their presence? The second important question is how the rocks ft into the image of the region, created and distributed as a tourism product? Does their history contribute to the mysteriousness of the region which permeates touristic narratives?
    Źródło:
    Studia Regionalne i Lokalne; 2013, 1(51); 107-124
    1509-4995
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kamień w budowlach Wieliczki
    Stone in the buildings of Wieliczka
    Autorzy:
    Kuc, Witold
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487334.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Kamień
    budowla
    Wieliczka
    kamieniarstwo
    produkcja soli
    kamienne materiały
    bulidings
    Stone
    production of salt
    rock material
    masonry
    Opis:
    Buildings are the evidence of a city’s wealth. Wieliczka achieved its economic significance through the production of salt. The medieval village famous for its salt production grew in status as it received its civic rights in 1290, after commisioning the first mine shafts. Rock salt became a source of wealth and soon it was reflected in the image of the city. Probably the first solid stone building was the seat of the emerging mine›s manager and the surrounding wall. The rock material for the construction had been already well recognized. Geizes and the Lgota sandstones of lamellar structure had already been used over 200 years before on the Wawel Hill. Rocks were readily available in the nearby Biskupice. Similarly, professionals – stonemasons. Probably, the assortment of rock increased with the beginning of the fourteenth century when the construction of the western wing of „The House within the Saltworks” was started. Then Istebna sandstones from Dobczyce in the form of hewn blocks and construction components got to Wieliczka. The city further increased its importance at the reign of King Casimir the Great. This is reflected in the solid rock material which was brought for the expansion of the Saltworks Castle. The rocky and thick-bedded Upper Jurassic limestone from Krzemionki, near Kraków, was then applied on a large scale. “The beneficiary” of the building material imported to Wieliczka was also St. Clement›s Church, rebuilt from the wooden construction. These rocks are probably in its foundations and, certainly, in its pedestal. The presence of the above mentioned limestones is reflected in the tower, in the fourteenth and fifteenth-century portals, in the modern reconstruction of the walls and in the Saltworks Kitchen. In subsequent alterations of the Castle these three types of rocks were constantly used. They are visible in the stonework of the Parish Church and the bell tower of the late seventeenth century. For more fine-grained sandstone work the Carpathian and the Pińczów limestone were used; the latter could have been used in the decoration of the Morsztyn family chapel. The church, which was rebuilt after being destroyed in the 1780s, lacks the former rich stone decorations. First of all, it is noted that there is only a small proportion of the Dębno marble, a rock which was very popular in churches in Małopolska Province. However, the floor was changed three times. Currently, it is made of marble and granite and sienites. After 1772, the salt production facilities had a significant impact on the appearance of the city. Crushed limestone and porphyry were imported on a large scale. The same gravel and later porphyry cube from Miękinia and granite from the Sudety Mountains were imported for the roads. Also the Istebna sandstone pebbles (“Rabka” stones) were used. As the role of the quarry in Dobczyce diminished, more and more sandstone from Droginia and other areas of the Subcarpathian region is imported to the city. These rocks were used both in private buildings and in industrial facilities, now gradually eliminated from the panorama of the city. Today, apart from imports from abroad, the most common rocks in the stonework of the city are: the Zalas porphyry, plate and rocky limestone probably from Nielepice, the Szydłowiec sandstone, the Pińczów limestone, granite from the Sudety Mountains, “the Kielce marbles” in a fairly narrow range and a wide range of the Carpathian sandstone.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2014, 29; 99-128
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kamienie i znaki apotropaiczne w murach romańskich kościołów w Siewierzu i Mokrsku Dolnym
    Stones and apotropaic marks in the walls of the Romanesque churches in Siewierz and Mokrsko Dolne (S Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Magiera, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    dolomity triasu środkowego
    wapień pińczowski
    znaki apotropaiczne
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Middle Triassic dolomite
    Pińczów limestone
    apotropaic marks
    Opis:
    Sacral edifices, in particular churches, no matter an epoch, were created of the most imposing and durable building material, mostly stone, available in the area or imported. Identification of the stone is crucial for conservation and reconstruction. However, in many cases, it is not done properly. Thorough mineral and geological studies on the stones and their provenance are thus strongly advisable. Romanesque churches in Siewierz and Mokrsko have recently been subject to such studies. They are located in different geological regions, which obviously reflected in different stones used for their construction. Church in Siewierz (founded probably at the beginningof the twelfth century) was constructed mainly of well-shaped regular blocks of local “Diplopora” dolomite (Middle Triassic). Only a few (out of a few hundred) blocks represent sandstone. Their provenance is unclear (Carboniferous or Lower Triassic sandstones that occur SW of Siewierz?). Church in Mokrsko (erected probably in the first quarter of the thirteenth century) was originally built of also well-shaped regular blocks of limestone and sandstone. They are: very typical for the area Pińczów (“Lithotamnium”), limestone (Neogene), and Upper Triassic sandstone. The former shows up on the surface a few km E of Mokrsko, the latter occurs ca 10 NE of the site. The distribution of the stones and sizes of the blocks shows some regularity. Bigger and of more uniform size blocks were used in the parts of the buildings located closer to the high altar, it is in the apse of the church in Siewierz and the presbytery in Mokrsko. It seems clearly connected with special attention paid to those parts of the temples. Moreover, resistant sandstone was used more frequently than soft limestone in lower parts of the walls in Mokrsko, more exposed to the action of water raised from the ground. Numerous caverns, holes, and crevices have been spotted on external surfaces of the dolomitic and sandstone blocks. Caverns in the dolomites (in Siewierz) developed naturally, while those in the sandstones (in Mokrsko) have obvious anthropogenic provenance. They are interpreted widely in the literature as apotropaic marks. Here it seems that excavation of stone sand and dust for magic consumption by humans or livestock or(and) ignition of holy fire could be reasons for the scratching and drilling.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2022, 70, 2; 91--99
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Historia zapisana w kamieniu romańskiej kolegiaty pw. św. Marcina w Opatowie
    History recorded in the stones of the Romanesque collegiate church in Opatów
    Autorzy:
    Magiera, Janusz
    Bromowicz, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20206015.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    okres romański
    kamieniarstwo
    piaskowiec dolnego triasu
    piaskowiec dolnej jury
    znaki apotropaiczne
    Romanesque period
    masonry
    Lower Triassic sandstone
    Lower Jurassic sandstones
    apotropaic marks
    Opis:
    Romanesque collegiate church in Opatów (south-eastern Poland) belongs to the best-preserved Early Mediaeval edifices in Poland. Its date of origin, founder, architects and history are still unclear despite numerous investigations carried out since the beginning of the 19 th century. It is clear that local sandstones were used in the construction of the impressive church. Present investigations resulted in the inventory of the stones used as a building material: their petrography, size of blocks and strange holes and striae on some of their surfaces. Dominant sandstones have different colours: white-greyish or grey-brownish. They are built of very fine-grained, well sorted quartz with siliceous-clayey binder. All sandstone blocks have similar heights (most frequent average 34–38 cm), but different lengths. Longer (up to 62 cm) are placed in the oldest parts of the edifice, shorter (up to 48 cm) form younger fragments and might have been reused after destruction of previous undefined buildups. The sandstones represent Lower Jurassic sediments exposed currently on the slopes of the Opatówka River valley in Podole, some 5 km NE of Opatów. Only a few sherry (reddish) sandstone blocks found in various parts of the walls are probably replacements during post-Romanesque reconstructions. They represent Lower Triassic sandstone from Lipowa, 3 km NE of Opatów. Lancetoidal grooves, 5–20 cm long, and hemispherical holes of 1–4 cm in diameter are apparently of anthropogenic origin (apotropaic marks); however, their purpose is unclear. It is supposed that the grooves are traces of tool sharpening or grinding, while the holes are places where sandy or dusty material was acquired for magical or medical purposes.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2023, 71, 1; 12-18
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The stonemasonry centre in Dębnik under the management of the discalced Carmelites in Czerna
    Ośrodek kamieniarski w Dębniku pod zarządem karmelitów bosych w Czernej
    Autorzy:
    Skrabski, Józef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/560393.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Dębnik
    the Order of the Discalced Carmelites
    masonry
    marble from Dębnik
    small architecture
    sculpture
    baroque
    zakon karmelitów bosych
    kamieniarstwo
    marmur dębnicki
    mała architektura
    rzeźba
    barok
    Opis:
    One of the most famous centers of stonemasons’ settlement in Poland is located in a small village Dębnik near Krakow, which from 1628 years belonged to the Monastery of the Discalced Carmelites in Czerna. Carmelites dealt with the administration, leasing stone mines, obtaining stonmasons and acquiring customers. The text examines the history of the stonemasons’ settlement under the management of the Discalced Carmelites from the beginning of the seventeenth century until 1953, the administration of craft workshops, management and relations between religious and stonemasons in different historical periods.
    Jeden z najsłynniejszych ośrodków kamieniarskich w Polsce jest położny w niewielkiej osadzie Dębnik niedaleko Krakowa, która od 1628 roku należała do klasztoru karmelitów bosych w Czernej. Karmelici zajmowali się administracją, dzierżawą łomów kamieniarskich, pozyskiwaniem kamieniarzy oraz zleceniodawców. W tekście omówiono dzieje osady kamieniarskiej pod zarządem karmelitów bosych od początku XVII wieku do roku 1953, sposób administrowania warsztatami rzemieślniczymi, zarządzania oraz relacje między zakonnikami a kamieniarzami w różnych okresach historycznych.
    Źródło:
    Folia Historica Cracoviensia; 2016, 22; 419-436
    0867-8294
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Historica Cracoviensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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