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Tytuł:
Epidemiology of Selected Diseases Related to Air Pollution in Krakow
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
air pollution
smog
low emission
morbidity
Opis:
Excessive concentrations of smog toxicants constitute a critical factor influencing the health quality of inhabitants of urban agglomerations. The exposure to elevated concentrations of suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with an increase of adverse health effects. Prolonged exposure to air pollution, especially from low emission, may be linked not only to a greater risk of developing cancer of the respiratory system, or cardiovascular morbidity but also to the increased frequency of admissions to hospitals and emergency units as well as medical consultations in surgeries and outpatient clinics. The issue was investigated using the city of Cracow as an example. Attempts were made to find the connection between air pollution in the city of Cracow and the frequency of hospitalization and medical consultations of patients (registered in the city) due to lung and bronchial malignancy and cardiac dysrhythmia taking into account the data from the years 2010-2016 submitted by the Malopolska Regional Branch of the National Health Fund.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 6; 124-131
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operational tests of an electrostatic precipitator reducing low dust Indexed by: emission from solid fuels combustion
Autorzy:
Machnik, Ryszard
Więckowski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
air protection
low emission
electrostatic precipitator
operating parameters
Opis:
The article presents the continuation of the research aimed at designing, manufacturing and selecting the operating parameters of the electrostatic precipitator for household applications. The tests were carried out in the laboratory and real conditions. The object of the research was a pre-production prototype of the electrostatic precipitator installed in the flue gas duct of a single-family building. The source of exhaust gases was a coal-fired, low-temperature water heating boiler with a nominal power of 21 kW (old generation boiler-year of production: 2007). The obtained results showed that the adopted design of the electrostatic precipitator enables the reduction of dust emissions generated in the combustion of solid fuels in households at relatively low operating costs.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2021, 23, 3; 569-574
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study of emission reduction by using alcohol blended fuel for small gasoline engine
Autorzy:
Kawakami, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
low emission
small gasoline engine
alcohol-blended fuel
Opis:
In practical gasoline engines it is necessary to achieve low emissions and low fuel consumptions with high load operation. Several techniques were developed for reducing the emissions and the fuel consumptions from gasoline engines, such as EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) and Ultra lean combustion [1, 2]. Especially, in automotive gasoline engines, low-particulate and low-NOx emissions are very much needed by using alcohol blend fuels and vegetable oil. Nevertheless, there are only few data available for reducing the emissions and fuel consumptions of small gasoline engines by using blended fuels. As the first step in this study, experiments have been carried out to examine the influence of alcohol-blended fuels on combustion characteristics for small gasoline engines. The fuels used in this study are gasoline, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. The addition of alcohol ratio are changed by mixing the volume of alcohol in gasoline and the addition ratios are from 0 to 30 vol% in the fuel. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The NOx emissions for all the alcohol blend fuels are smaller than that of gasoline. 2) The heat release rate increases with addition of alcohol fuel under higher load conditions for small gasoline engines.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 115-120
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study of emission reduction by using alcohol blend fuel for small diesel engine
Autorzy:
Kawakami, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
low emission
small diesel engine
alcohol blend fuel
Opis:
In practical diesel engines it is to achieve a low emission and low fuel consumption under from low to high load operation conditions. Several techniques were developed for the low emission and high efficiency, such as Homogeneous Charge Compression-Ignition Engines and the blend fuels. Nevertheless, there are only few data available for reducing the emissions and fuel consumption of small diesel engines by using blend fuels. This experiment has been carried out to examine the influence of alcohol blend fuels on combustion characteristics for small diesel engine. The fuels used in this study are light oil (Standard), ethanol, propanol and butanol. The combustion behaviours, such as the emissions in exhaust gas (NOX, CO, CO2, O2 concentration), fuel consumption rate are observed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) it is possible to control the combustion behaviour by using alcohol blend fuels for small diesel engine, 2) the fuel consumption of at any alcohol blend fuels is bigger than that of light oil, 3) the net thermal efficiency of some alcohol blend fuels (E5P5, P5B5, E5B5) slightly increases than that of light oil, 4) the NOx emissions for all the alcohol blend fuels are smaller than that of light oil, 5) the CO emissions are remarkably bigger than that of light oil under from low to middle engine load without the ethanol 10% addition.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 125-130
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Air quality assessment in the municipality of Wadowice
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
low emission
boilers
pollution
PM10 particulate matter
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of pro-ecological activities in the municipality of Wadowice in the field of air quality protection against the effects of low emission. Research conducted by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Krakow indicated that in the town of Wadowice, the capital of the municipality, in the period from October till March, the permissible level of particulate matter (PM10) was exceeded on average approximately 16 times within one month. The municipality of Wadowice is one of the most polluted municipalities of the Małopolska voivodeship. The elaborated municipal Low-Emission Economy Plan, updated in 2017, is coherent with the climate and energy package and implements the guidelines of the new European Union 2020 strategy for economic and social development. Until 2015, the municipality had implemented the KAWKA program, which led to liquidation of 11 coal-fired boiler rooms and installation of 11 new boiler rooms. The continuation of the system in 2016 enabled the closure of further 31 coal-fired boiler rooms and the assembly of new boiler rooms and 10 solar panel installations in order to reduce emissions in the local fuel-fired heat source.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, IV/1; 909-921
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PM10 Concentration Levels in the Żywiec Basin vs. Variable Air Temperatures and Thermal Inversion
Autorzy:
Wierzbińska, Monika
Kozak, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
airborne particulate
PM10
temperature inversion
low emission
Opis:
A number of cities in Poland have been coping with the problem of air pollution levels exceeding the allowable limits, with PM10 airborne particulate considered one of the most hazardous factors for human health. Poland ranks high among European countries with some of the highest levels of airborne particulate pollution, and the Polish cities regularly place high in the EU ranking of those with the highest PM levels (and benzo(a)pyrene, a toxic airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs). Airborne PM10 concentration levels greatly depend on the prevailing atmospheric and topographic conditions. Temperature inversion represents one of the unfavorable weather conditions and this article attempts to study the effect of thermal conditions prevailing in the Żywiec Basin on airborne PM10 particulate concentrations in immissions. The 2016–2021 winter (heating) seasons were analyzed for pollution emissions, especially those related to heating by the municipal sector and classified as “low emissions”, i.e. emissions from sources not higher than 40 meters. An analysis of the 2016–2021 heating seasons showed the air temperature exerted a significant effect on combustion processes (low emissions) within the Żywiec Basin. The difference between airborne PM10 particulate levels in immissions at temperatures both above and below zero ranged from 86 μg/m3 in the 2016–2017 heating season to 25 μg/m3 in the same period in 2020–2021. Average airborne PM10 particulate concentrations throughout the entire period analyzed stood at 41.3 μg/m3 for the typical temperature distribution in the elevation profile, whereas inversion almost doubled it (72.2 μg/m3).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 3; 47--54
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low-Carbon Economy in the Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
low emission
low-carbon economy
boilers
air pollution
particulate matter
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis of proecological activities undertaken by the management of the Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka. The activities aimed at limiting the low emission and, consequently, at introducing low-carbon economy in the area. The municipality is determined to phase out the burning of fossil fuels and replace it with cleaner and safer energy sources, which is supposed to contribute to the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter emissions and air pollution. In order to combat the problem of low emission, the municipality developed a Low Emission Reduction Programme (LERP) in 2014. The town of Sucha Beskidzka also participates in the Life Program and as part of it, an eco-adviser has been employed. The implementation of LERP has been reflected in the Area Development Plan of the municipality. The actions taken by the local government to protect air are effective. The Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka was one of the two municipalities in the entire Malopolska province which fully implemented the Air Protection Program for the years 2013–2015. In the years 2014–2016 as many as 103 buildings underwent thermo-modernization. In 2016 RES (solar installations) were installed in 402 detached houses. In the period 2014–2016, 1055 coal boilers were dismantled and replaced by gas boilers or class 5 boilers.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 5; 144-150
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka niskiej emisji zanieczyszczeń na przykładzie kotłowni ogrodniczych małej mocy w warunkach Polski
Low emission issue on the example of a small power garden boiler in Polish conditions
Autorzy:
Kowalski, W. P.
Hilger, B.
Banaś, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2072496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
niska emisja
bilans emisji zanieczyszczeń
emission balance of pollutants
low emission
Opis:
Niniejsza praca przedstawia problematykę niskiej emisji w obszarach ogrodniczych. Kotłownie ogrzewające tego typu obiekty (szklarnie, tunele foliowe) emitują do atmosfery duże ładunki szkodliwych gazów, które nie są ewidencjonowane, a mogą w znacznym stopniu powodować pogorszenie jakości powietrza. W pracy wykonano bilans emisji zanieczyszczeń z przykładowej pojedynczej kotłowni ogrodniczej z rejonu południowo-wschodniej Polski.
Issue of low emission in garden areas is presented in the paper. Boilers used for heating this type of facilities (greenhouses, plastic tunnels) emit to atmosphere large amount of harmful gases. Such emission is not recorded and can cause significant deterioration of air quality. A balance of emitted contaminants on the example of single boiler working in south-eastern Poland is given.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2013, 3; 196--197
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technical and economic aspects of low emission reduction in Poland
Autorzy:
Dzikuć, M.
Łasiński, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
economy
energy
low emission
ecology
ekonomia
energia
niska emisja zanieczyszczeń
ekologia
Opis:
The paper presents the problem of excessive air pollution in Poland caused mainly by low emission. The emission arises in result of heating flats by means of old and energetically inefficient heating installations. In Poland and Bulgaria the inhaled air is of the worst quality out of all EU countries. The paper presents economic and technical problems related to low emission occurring during the combustion of solid fuels in local boiler houses. Furthermore, the most significant economic issues, connected with the reduction of low emission are discussed, as well as technological possibilities of efficient reduction of the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2017, 22, 4; 1107-1112
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of development directions of low-carbon economy in the Nowy Targ commune
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
low emission
pollution
PM10 particulate matter
SO2
air quality
low-carbon economy
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of pro-ecological activities undertaken by the Commune Council of Nowy Targ in order to reduce low emission, and consequently to introduce a broadly understood low-carbon economy in this area. The commune aims at abandoning fossil fuels in favor of cleaner and safer methods of obtaining energy, which is to contribute to the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter emissions. In the nationwide arena, the commune was awarded in activities leading to the liquidation of low-emission as part of the competition for communes with a population up to 50,000 inhabitants and taking the second place in Poland in the „Gmina z Misją” ranking. The town of Nowy Targ was also the laureate of the fourth edition of the „#ekoLIDERZY2017 of the Małopolska Province” contest organized by the Provincial Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Krakow (WFOŚiGW) and won the prize of PLN 20,000 in the category of „#ekoPRZEDSIĘWZIĘCIE” in the field of air protection and investments contributing to energy savings. In the commune, interventional and preventive inspections are carried out on an ongoing basis. In January 2017, the mayor appointed an advisory team for the analysis of the degree of implementation of actions in the field of air protection in the area of Nowy Targ.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, III/1; 673-685
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Air Pollution as an Indicator of Local Environmental Safety Based on the Example of the Town of Barlinek
Autorzy:
Świerszcz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ecological safety
air pollution indicators
air pollution measures
low emission
heat poverty
Opis:
This article aims to present the state of air quality treated as a measure of the state of quality of local environmental safety, based on the research conducted in the town of Barlinek. This information is necessary to identify the areas that require action to improve air quality (to reduce the concentration of pollutants). The main factors that inspired the author to address this issue are, first of all, the continuous high level of air pollution, despite the actions taken to reduce it; secondly, the lack of precise, clear indicators and measures of such deprivation that applies to a major part of the territory of Poland that would take into account the individual national context; thirdly, the need to identify the main factors that determine this phenomenon in the specific context of Poland. Other factors include the need to consider the requirement for Poland as a member state of the EU to participate in reducing air pollution to an appropriate extent; and, finally, the need to develop and implement integrated 10-year National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) for the years 2021–2030 with a long-term perspective to the year 2050, as well as long-term renovation strategies to improve the accuracy of eliminating air pollution. The research problem focuses on three issues: presenting the current national and European criteria of ecological safety for air pollution, identifying the indicators and measures that enable the determination of air pollution levels, and presenting the local air pollution level based on the selected example. The research problem discussed in the article is empirical. Analytical/synthetic, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to provide a more in-depth analysis of the problem, and conclusions were drawn.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 3 (51); 19-38
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview of low emission combustors of aircraft turbine drive units
Autorzy:
Fąfara, Jean-Marc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097476.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
aircraft
engine
low emission
combustor
design
samolot
silnik
niska emisja
komory spalania
projekt
Opis:
It is important to notice that aircraft turbine drive units are commonly used in the modern aviation. The piston engines are often reserved for small and/or sportive aircraft. The turbine drive units are also combustion engine. This paper presents the most popular combustors used in the aeronautical turbine engines. Firstly there are listed the requirements that a combustor has to achieve. Then are presented the combustor designs that permit to achieve the firstly presented requirements. In this work are presented the LPP, TAPS, RQL, graduated combustion zone, VGC, exhaust recirculation system combustors. For each combustor design is enlighten its principle of work, described the etymology of the given name to this design and shown a scheme. The work is closed by a briefly conclusion about the described combustor.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2020, 59, 4; 45--49
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ źródeł spalających paliwa stałe na zanieczyszczenie środowiska pyłem PM10 na przykładzie miasta Tarnowskie Góry
The impact of sources burning solid fuels on environmental pollution with PM10 on the example of the city Tarnowskie Góry
Autorzy:
Zajusz-Zubek, Elwira
Filipek, Justyna
Mainka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
air pollution
PM10
trace elements
low emission
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
pierwiastki śladowe
niska emisja
Opis:
One of the most dangerous pollutants in the atmospheric air is particulate matter (PM). The National Center for Emissions Management (KOBiZE) indicates that approx. 50% of PM10 emission is responsible for the so-called low emission. Home sources are particularly dangerous during the heating season, not only because of the higher amount of fuel burned compared to the rest of the year but above all because of its quality. Individual sources use low-quality coal, biomass for heating purposes and municipal waste (despite the government ban). Dust emitted from households, due to its chemical composition, and toxic effects pose a threat to human health. The aim of the work was to investigate the concentration of PM10 and trace elements content (chromium, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, nickel and lead). The studies were carried out in Tarnowskie Góry, Upper Silesia Region during the heating season. The measuring point was located on the estate of single-family houses at a distance of 100 m from the road with high traffic volume. The 24 h PM10 samples were collected for 30 days from 3.01.2018 to 3.02.2018 using the gravimetric method. Dust samples were collected using the ATMOSERVICE dust sampler. The next step obtained the determination of the concentration of heavy metals in PM10 by atomic absorption spectrometry, AVANTA PM, GBC. The results show that PM10 concentration in the heating season exceeded the limit value 50 μg/m3 (for 19 out of 30 days). The average concentration was 64.56±30.38 μg/m3, the highest concentration of PM10 was 119.99 μg/m3 (exceeded the limit value 2.4 fold), while the lowest concentration was 18.78 μg/m3. On the basis of the chemical analysis, small concentrations of heavy metals were found. The following order of average concentration of seven trace elements was found: Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr > Cd > Co > Ni. The concentration values of individual heavy metals in samples collected in the area of Tarnowskie Góry ranged from 0.14 ng/m3 in the case of cadmium to 476.97 ng/m3 for zinc. The concentration of cadmium, nickel, and lead in PM10 did not exceed the permissible level, while in the case of cadmium, the permissible level was exceeded for 14 days from 30 measurement days. Higher concentrations of Zn and Pb indicate the important role of Zinc Smelter Miasteczko Śląskie influencing the air quality of the city of Tarnowskie Góry. In order to improve the air quality in the city of Tarnowskie Góry, strict control activities should be carried out in order to execute the ban on waste incineration. The second aspect should include the guidelines on working heat and electricity supply systems that do not cause excessive pollution, in particular, particulate matter.
Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów stężeń pyłu PM10 pobranego w mieście Tarnowskie Góry woj. śląskie w trakcie sezonu grzewczego (styczeń 2018 r.). Zgodnie z indeksami jakości powietrza, ze względu na stężenie pyłu PM10 uzyskane wyniki pomiarów wskazują na umiarkowaną jakość powietrza w mieście. Przeprowadzone badania występowania wybranych pierwiastków śladowych, takich jak: chrom, cynk, kadm, kobalt, mangan, nikiel oraz ołów, w pyle PM10 utworzyły następujący szereg Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr > Cd > Co > Ni. Analiza uzyskanych stężeń pierwiastków śladowych wskazuje na dwa istotne źródła emisji tych metali do powietrza atmosferycznego. Stężenia kadmu, przekraczające wartość dopuszczalną, wskazują istotny wpływ niskiej emisji z palenisk indywidualnych, w szczególności ze spalania odpadów. Natomiast 10-krotnie wyższe stężenia cynku oraz 20-krotnie wyższe stężenia ołowiu w porównaniu do innych miast Śląska wskazują na istotny udział Huty Cynku Miasteczko Śląskie w kształtowaniu jakości powietrza miasta Tarnowskie Góry.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2019, 22, 1; 15-26
1505-3695
2391-7253
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koks jako paliwo ograniczające niską emisję
Coke as a fuel limiting low emission
Autorzy:
Gajdzik-Szot, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/113319.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
koks
niska emisja
paliwa energetyczne
zanieczyszczenie środowiska
coke
low emission
energetic fuels
environmental pollution
Opis:
Problem niskiej emisji jest obecnie jednym z najbardziej aktualnych zagadnień w zakresie ochrony środowiska naturalnego. W głównej mierze jest on wynikiem spalania słabej jakości paliw w gospodarstwach domowych. Aby ograniczyć jego skutki dla środowisk, konieczne jest podjęcie działań w bardzo szerokim zakresie. Jednym z obszarów w którym istnieje możliwość zmniejszenia tego problemu jest zaproponowanie konsumentom dobrej jakości paliwa po akceptowalnej cenie. Takim paliwem może być koks. W artykule omówiono sytuację prawną w Polsce w zakresie stosowania paliw tradycyjnych. Dotyczy to także uwarunkowań prawnych w zakresie wielkości i przeciwdziałania niskiej emisji. W tym obszarze przedstawiono także propozycje poprawy sytuacji poprzez zastosowanie koksu, jako paliwa czystego. Przedstawiono także wyniki analizy kosztów jego zastosowania w stosunku do innych pali. Celem opracowania jest pokazanie jednej z możliwości ograniczenia niskiej emisji, poprzez zastosowanie do ogrzewania koksu. W całokształcie działań w tym obszarze warto bowiem rozważyć również ta możliwość. Tym bardziej, że na rynku dostępne są spore ilości tego paliwa.
Problem of low emissions is one of the most current hazards in the field of protection of the natural environment. It is mainly a result of burning low quality fuel in household furnaces. To limit its impact on the environment, a wide scope of actions must be undertaken. One of the areas which display an opportunity of reducing the problem, is proposing to consumers a good quality fuel in acceptable price. Such fuel could be coke. The article describes legal status of using traditional fuels in Poland. It also concerns legal regulations in area in scope of low height emissions and its countermeasures. Propositions of improvement of this situation by using coke as a clean fuel are presented. Results of cost analysis of its application in comparison to other fuelsare described in this article. The aim of this paper is to present one of the solutions for limiting low emissions by using coke for heating. In entirety of actions in this field it is one worthy of delving into, especially considering high amounts of this fuel available on the market.
Źródło:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji; 2018, 7, 2; 118-127
2391-9361
Pojawia się w:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk of high PM10 concentrations in the Żywiec Basin depending on synoptic situation
Ryzyko wysokich stężeń pyłu PM10 w Kotlinie Żywieckiej w zależności od warunków synoptycznych
Autorzy:
Wierzbińska, Monika
Kozak, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
Tematy:
particulate matter
PM10
temperature inversion
low emission
pył zawieszony
inwersja temperatury
niska emisja
Opis:
This analysis was performed for the Żywiec Basin area, located in southern Poland. The topography of the Żywiec Basin is an eminently favourable factor for the stagnation of cool air in the basins and the formation of the so-called “cold stagnation areas”, as well as the occurrence of inversion layers inhibiting air mixing. In addition, in the Żywiec Basin, the reservoir has a significant influence on the formation of weather conditions. It favours more frequent formation of local fogs and mists. The study focused on the heating season (6 months) from 2016 to 2021. The analysis covered winter seasons at the turn of the year starting from 1 October and ending on 31 March. During this period, for all heating seasons analysed, the average PM10 concentration was 58 µg/m3 . The 2016/2017 heating season proved to be the worst season in aerosanitary terms, with average concentrations equalling to 78.4 µg/m3 . Extreme levels of daily concentrations during those seasons were recorded in 2016/2017 (349.0 µg/m3 ) and 2017/2018 (476.2 µg/m3 ). This represented 700–900% of the limit value for PM10 concentrations. The frequency of exceedances of the daily limit value D24 for PM10 was high during the heating season, ranging from 83 to 91 days, which represented almost half (46.7%) of the entire season. The next stage of the analysis comprised the evaluation of the levels of daily concentrations (D24) against the background of the baric situation shaping the weather on a given day. The study juxtaposed the daily concentrations of PM10 in Żywiec with the daily baric situation in the upper Vistula river basin. The anticyclonic situation contributed to an increase in PM10 immission concentrations in all heating seasons from 2016 to 2021. In all analysed months of the heating seasons, differences in the average monthly PM10 concentration depending on the baric situation can be noticed, and the higher the concentration level, the greater this difference is. Similarly, the number of days with exceedances of D24 standard for PM10 was several times higher in the period when there was an anticyclone situation. The analysis of the type of air masses showed that the polar continental air masses were accompanied by the worst aerosanitary condition.
Analizę wykonano dla obszaru Kotliny Żywieckiej, położonej w południowej Polsce. Topografia Kotliny Żywieckiej jest czynnikiem wybitnie sprzyjającym stagnacji chłodnego powietrza w kotlinach i tworzeniu się tzw. „zastoisk chłodu”, a także występowaniu warstw inwersyjnych hamujących mieszanie powietrza. Ponadto, w Kotlinie Żywieckiej istotny wpływ na kształtowanie warunków pogodowych wywiera zbiornik retencyjny. Sprzyja on częstszemu tworzeniu się lokalnych mgieł i zamgleń. W pracy skoncentrowano się na okresie grzewczym (6 miesięcy) w latach 2016-2021. Analizą objęto sezony zimowe na przełomie roku począwszy od 1 października, kończąc na 31 marca. W tym okresie, dla wszystkich analizowanych sezonów grzewczych średnie stężenie PM10 wyniosło 58 µg/m3 . Sezon grzewczy 2016/2017 okazał się najgorszym sezonem pod względem aerosanitarnym, ze średnim stężeniem 78,4 µg/m3, Ekstremalne poziomy stężeń dobowych w sezonach odnotowano w sezonach 2016/2017 (349,0 µg/m3 ) oraz 2017/2018 (476,2 µg/m3 ). Stanowiło to 700–900% wartości dopuszczalnej dla stężenia PM10. Częstość przekroczeń dobowej wartości dopuszczalnej D24 dla pyłu zawieszonego PM10 była w sezonie grzewczym wysoka i wahała się od 83-91 dni, co stanowiło prawie połowę (46,7 %) całego sezonu. Kolejnym etapem analizy była ocena poziomów stężeń dobowych (D24) na tle sytuacji barycznej kształtującej pogodę w danym dniu. W pracy zestawiono dobowe stężenia pyłu zawieszonego PM10 w Żywcu z dobową sytuacją baryczną z dorzecza górnej Wisły. Sytuacja antycyklonalna przyczyniała się do zwiększenia stężenia pyłu PM10 w immisji we wszystkich sezonach grzewczych 2016-2021. We wszystkich analizowanych miesiącach okresów grzewczych dostrzec można różnice w średnim miesięcznym stężeniu PM10 w zależności od sytuacji barycznej, a im wyższy poziom stężenia tym ta różnica jest większa. Podobnie ilość dni z przekroczeniem normy D24 dla pyłu zawieszonego PM10 była wielokrotnie wyższa w okresie, kiedy występowała sytuacja antycyklonalna. Analiza typu mas powietrza wykazała że najgorszy stan aerosanitarny towarzyszył masom powietrza polarno-kontynentalnego.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej; 2023, 86; 7--21
0239-5223
2720-0779
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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