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Wyszukujesz frazę "softwood" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
Tytuł:
Zmiany w normalizacji wielkowymiarowego drewna sosnowego w powojennych dziejach Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe
Changes in the standardisation of large-size Scots pine timber in the State Forests National Forest Holding after world war II
Autorzy:
Malinowski, Z.
Wieruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
surowce drzewne
drewno sosnowe
drewno wielkowymiarowe
sortymenty drewna
normalizacja
normy polskie
historia
standardization
ordinances
softwood
large−size
Opis:
The qualitative and dimensional variability of wood material affects its possible uses for industrial purposes. Attempts to order the rules of raw material classification contributed to the introduction of qualitative and dimensional standards approved by the Polish Committee for Standardization. Large−size softwood is the main raw timber material in Poland. The adjustment of requirements and rules of raw material sorting to changing market needs was caused by the necessity of prompt reaction to technological changes. Although standards were adjusted to the EU requirements, the State Forests National Forest Holding creates the rules of large−size wood classification through the corporation legal acts – the ordinances of the General Director. The article presents the beginning of the process of large−size softwood trade standardization in Poland. It indicates the rationality of meeting the requirements of qualitative, dimensional and purpose−related classification in the era of rapid changes in the demand of the industry. After the rebirth of the Polish state, there were attempts to improve rational use of wood. This goal was achieved by introduction of the rules of assortment classification for available forms of material. Verification of wood structure defects and properties in selection of large−size assortments resulted in consecutive amendments facilitating the procedures of selection of adequate quality and thickness classes in large−size wood. This enabled gradual adjustment of assortment classification to the needs of the wood industry, which is the recipient of wood material. Due to the increasing dynamics of changes it was necessary to develop new forms of wood division and classification. The role of product standards was gradually taken over by technical conditions developed by the State Forests, which is in charge of major material resources in Poland. This form of verification of the principles of wood division and classification guarantees prompt adjustment to the needs of clients on the wood market, which are changing at an increasing rate.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 04; 287-294
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klasyfikacja surowca wybranych gatunków według norm polskich i Unii Europejskiej
Classification of wood of selected tree species according to the Polish and the EU standards
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, K.
Barszcz, A.
Groń, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
surowce drzewne
drewno bukowe
drewno debowe
drewno jodlowe
drewno swierkowe
wady drewna
jakosc drewna
klasyfikacja drewna
normy unijne
normy polskie
raw wood
wood defects
wood value
softwood
hardwood
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the quality and the value of beech, oak, fir and spruce wood classified according to the Polish and the EU standards. The research was carried out in Lesko and Baligród forest districts (south−eastern Poland). The measurements of the investigated raw wood were taken at the upper landings. With regard to fir, spruce and beech 50 specimens per species were measured, while in the case of oak only 25 pieces were examined. Each specimen was classified in respect of its quality and size according to the Polish standards (PN) and the European Union (PN−EN) standards. Then, the results of both classifications were compared in terms of the share of volumes of particular wood quality classes, the impact of wood defects on the raw wood classification results, and the value of wood determined by the means of both standards. With regard to the beech wood, the share of the poorest class D upon applying PN−EN was smaller than that for PN norms. This decrease was in favour of other classes, due to which the value of the entire beech wood increased by ca. 16%, when classified with the use of the EU standards. The oak wood revealed a slight increase in the share of wood volume in the class C and a decrease in the class D of PN−EN when compared with the Polish norms. The value of the oak wood classified with the use of the EU standards was merely by 2.3% higher than that of the Polish norms. With regard to the softwood (fir and spruce), a decrease in the share of wood of the class C in PN−EN was recorded, which was in favour of the classes B and D. The value of raw wood classified by means of the EU standards was lower for both of the coniferous species. The decrease for fir accounted for 13.3%, while for spruce it was only 1.5%. For the evaluation of the softwood, Polish classification was more profitable, whereas for hardwood the EU standards were more favourable.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 459-465
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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