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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Zrównoważone użytkowanie różnorodności biologicznej współczesną formą ochrony przyrody
    Autorzy:
    Grzywacz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022647.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    rozwoj zrownowazony
    roznorodnosc biologiczna
    lesnictwo
    ochrona przyrody
    biological diversity
    polish forests
    large−scale nature conservation
    Opis:
    The author refers to the contemporary understanding of the terms: biological diversity, sustainable development, nature conservation. The most recent information about biological diversity of Polish forests was presented on the landscape, habitat, species and gene level. Differences were shown between sustainable use of biological diversity treated as the contemporary form of nature conservation and traditional conservation and biocoenotic methods. The author pointed out to difficulties in and lack of acceptance of the large−scale form of nature conservation in forests by some circles of professional nature conservationists.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2005, 149, 05; 10-22
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Puszcza Białowieska: czym była, czym jest, czym ma być w przyszłości?
    Bialowieza Forest: what it used to be, what it is now and what we want it to be in the future
    Autorzy:
    Szwagrzyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1294650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    las naturalny
    ochrona przyrody
    gospodarka lesna
    natural processes
    nature conservation
    old-growth stands
    Opis:
    For many centuries, management of the Białowieża Forest has not focused on timber production. Therefore, despite hunting, grazing by domestic animals and sporadic cutting of valuable trees the forest has retained its natural character. After World War I, a small part of the Białowieża Forest was protected as a reserve that later became a national park, while the remainder was managed for timber. After World War II, the protection status of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest was maintained with the national park at the center surrounded by managed stands. During the last few decades, the national park was enlarged and new reserves were established. However, the majority of the Białowieża Forest is still managed for timber. The forest management has been sustainable for decades and in the last few years logging has even been strongly reduced, to a level comparable with some national parks. In recent years the Białowieża Forest, like many areas in Central Europe, has been plagued by a high spruce mortality caused by bark beetles. In managed forests, cutting the infested spruces and removing them from the forest is a standard practice aimed at reducing the growth rate of the bark beetle population. This, however, raises the question of whether we expect the Białowieża Forest to remain a managed forest, in which case the fight against bark beetles would be justified, or whether we want it to be converted into a large national park? In the latter case, cutting trees to fight bark beetles would be inconsistent with the aim of conservation. Recent discussions concerning the Białowieża Forest have been dominated by two different ideologies for nature protection. The first approach aims at protecting nature to make it sustainable, beautiful and healthy. In the second approach, protecting nature is achieved by removing any direct human influence, even if the resulting natural environment does not meet our expectations.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2016, 77, 4
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Finansowe aspekty ochrony rezerwatów przyrody w Lasach Państwowych
    The financial aspects of protection of nature reserves in the State Forests
    Autorzy:
    Referowska-Chodak, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018639.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    podatek gruntowy
    rezerwaty przyrody
    koszty
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    lesnictwo
    ochrona przyrody
    nature reserves
    state forests
    nature conservation costs
    expenditures and revenues from nature reserves
    Opis:
    The paper presents the 2001 questionnaire survey data concerning the financial aspects of protection of nature reserves located in the territory administered by the „State Forests” National Forest Holding. As shown in the specification of direct costs (i.a. treatment execution costs) and indirect costs (i.a. part of SF staff remunerations for their participation in decision−making, conservation and execution of protective tasks in reserve area) the financial contribution incurred by the State Forests for the maintenance and conducting of this form of nature protection proved to be substantial.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2006, 150, 06; 65-72
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Próba oceny zasadności stosowania ochrony biernej w rezerwatach utworzonych z drzewostanów zagospodarowanych na przykładzie rezerwatu "Sosny Taborskie"
    An attempt to assess the usefulness of passive protection in reserves established in managed stands on the example of the "Sosna Taborska" Reserve
    Autorzy:
    Dziekoński, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023579.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    przepisy prawne
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Sosny Taborskie
    lesnictwo
    odnowienia naturalne
    urzadzanie lasu
    ochrona przyrody
    sukcesja naturalna
    nature reserves
    nature conservation
    natural succession
    legal regulations
    Opis:
    The paper focuses on the issue of protection of nature reserves established from managed stands where−in the neglect of appropriate silvicultural and protective measures have led to unfavourable changes in forest ecosystems.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2004, 148, 05; 60-68
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy cała Puszcza Białowieska powinna być parkiem narodowym?
    Should the whole Bialowieza Forest be a national park?
    Autorzy:
    Zientarski, J.
    Szmyt, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1293519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    lasy gospodarcze
    Bialowieski Park Narodowy
    ochrona przyrody
    uwarunkowania ekonomiczne
    uwarunkowania spoleczne
    uwarunkowania przyrodnicze
    Białowieża Forest
    Białowieża National Park
    nature conservation
    forest ecosystem conservation
    sustainable forest
    management
    Opis:
    In Poland, the stormy discussion on the future of the Białowieża Forest has been ongoing already for a long time. The disputes are mostly focused on seeking answers to two questions: how to protect these unique forest ecosystems and whether forest management threatens their naturalness. The discussion has grown stronger after the recent, enormous outbreak of Ips typographus in the Forest. The Białowieża Forest has been managed for years with no negative effect. However, antagonists of foresters blame forest management for degradation of the Forest’s ecosystems, which is caused by favoring the economic value of timber expected to be harvested in keeping with the management plans of 3 forest districts located in the Białowieża Forest. At any rate, such assumption, has nothing to do with reality. During this discussion the idea to extend the national park for all the Białowieża Forest revived. In this paper, we reviewed the economic, social and ecological dimensions which should be taken into consideration before making a decision on extending the Białowieża National Park. It should be underlined that the Park’s area is already under the strict protection; furthermore, 2/3 of the area of neighboring managed forests are under legal protection (the nature reserves, NATURA 2000, the so-called reference forests, etc.). All things considered, we cannot find any reasonable purpose (ecological, financial or social) for expanding the Park’s area from 10 500 ha (present status) to 62 500 ha (after extension). Also, we are convinced that sustainable forest management conducted in managed parts of the Białowieża Forest, which comprises the fulfillment of all forest functions and services, should not be perceived as a threat to naturalness of the Forest’s ecosystems.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2017, 78, 1
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy ograniczanie gradacji kornika drukarza Ips typographus (L.) w Puszczy Białowieskiej jest możliwe i potrzebne?
    Is it possible and necessary to control European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) outbreak in the Bialowieza Forest?
    Autorzy:
    Hilszczański, J.
    Starzyk, J.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1293603.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    szkodniki roslin
    kornik drukarz
    Ips typographus
    wystepowanie
    gradacja
    ograniczanie wystepowania
    ochrona lasu
    forest protection
    nature conservation
    sanitation cutting
    biodiversity
    Opis:
    In response to the information published in “Forest Research Papers” (vol. 77(4), 2016), regarding the problem of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Białowieża Forest, we present our viewpoint on this issue. The role of the European spruce bark beetle in the Białowieża Forest is discussed based on experience gained in Europe’s forests. We present the effects of I. typographus outbreaks on forest biodiversity as well as outbreak mitigation in the context of the processes taking place in semi natural forests.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2017, 78, 1
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zamieranie limby w Tatrach – ocena skali zjawiska i roli owadów kambiofagicznych
    Swiss stone pine dieback in the Tatra Mts. – assessment of intensity and impact of cambiophagous insects
    Autorzy:
    Grodzki, W.
    Zięba, A.
    Zwijacz-Kozica, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979570.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Tatry
    drzewa lesne
    sosna limba
    Pinus cembra
    zamieranie drzew
    szkodniki roslin
    kambiofagi
    Scolytinae
    Cerambycidae
    pinus cembra
    scolytinae
    cerambycidae
    high−mountain forests
    nature conservation
    Opis:
    The strictly protected Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) is one of the most valuable elements of Polish dendroflora, naturally distributed only in the Tatra Mts. (S Poland/N Slovakia). In 2008−2009 intense P. cembra dieback was recorded in Slovak part of the mountains, especially in the localities adjacent to the Norway spruce stands affected by bark beetle Ips typographus outbreak. The mortality of individual P. cembra trees was observed in 2012 also in the Polish part, next to the area of the bark beetle outbreak on spruce. In the winter 2017/2018 the survey was carried out in order to assess the intensity of P. cembra dieback and the impact of the bark and wood boring insects on this process. In Suchej Wody Valley, where all P. cembra trees were precisely mapped in 2004−2008, health status of all previously living trees were checked again. In the summer 2018 bark samples from 50 dying or dead standing trees attacked by those insects and distributed over the whole Tatra National Park area were collected in order to define their species composition based on the gallery systems and (if possible) beetles or their fragments. Only 4 out of 439 checked trees (<1%) were recorded as dead. The bark samples were collected mostly from dead trees (88%), and in some cases from dying ones. The presence of insects belonging to 10 taxa (Curculionidae, Scolytinae – 6, Molytinae – 1; Cerambycidae – 2) was detected. Most of them is known as infesting Norway spruce. The most frequently (on the entire tree level) occurring were Cerambycids Tetropium sp. (56%) and Rhagium sp. (36%), as well as I. typographus (52%), contrarily to the species known as living on or preferring P. cembra (I. amitinus, Pissodes pini, Polygraphus sp.). The dieback of Swiss stone pine seems to be a slow process, in which the bark and wood boring insects (I. typographus, I. amitinus, Tetropium sp., Pityogenes chalcographus, Polygraphus sp.) are involved, but rather as secondary factor affecting weakened trees. However, the possible impact of the bark beetle outbreak in neighbouring spruce stands, expressed by high I. typographus frequency, should be also taken in consideration.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 795-801
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamika roślinności rezerwatów Doliska i Zimna Woda (Nadleśnictwo Rogów) na przestrzeni 50 lat
    Vegetation dynamics in Doliska and Zimna Woda nature reserves (Rogow Forest District) over 50 years
    Autorzy:
    Ratajczyk, N.
    Wolańska-Kamińska, A.
    Zając, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990994.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Nadlesnictwo Rogow
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Doliska
    rezerwat Zimna Woda
    dynamika roslinnosci
    zbiorowiska roslinne
    zmiennosc
    oak−lime−hornbeam forest
    regeneration
    nature conservation
    invasive species
    Opis:
    The paper presents the changes in vascular plants vegetation of Doliska and Zimna Woda nature reserves (central Poland). In 1960s Pino−Quercetum forest was noted at both reserves. Nowadays, it evolved into an oak−lime−hornbeam forest Tilio−Carpinetum betuli. The gradual replacement of Scots pine and other coniferous species into broad−leaved species is observed. Additionally, flora synanthropization and encroachment of invasive alien species (e.g. Impatiens parviflora) into the reserves was found.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 06; 473-480
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany w runie żyznej buczyny niżowej Galio odorati-Fagetum w rezerwacie Wronie w latach 1967-2005
    Changes in herb layer vegetation in Pomeranian fertile beech forest Galio odorati-Fagetum in Wronie nature reserve in 1967-2005
    Autorzy:
    Puchałka, R.
    Cyzman, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989805.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lasy
    rezerwaty przyrody
    rezerwat Wronie
    drzewostany bukowe
    zbiorowiska roslinne
    zyzna buczyna nizowa
    zespol Galio odorati-Fagetum
    runo lesne
    roznorodnosc gatunkowa
    nature conservation
    biodiversity
    beech forest
    ellenberg's values
    northern poland
    Opis:
    The Wronie nature reserve was established in 1978 for conservation of Pomeranian fertile beech forest Galio odorati−Fagetum (=Melico−Fagetum) outside of the natural range of European beech Fagus sylvatica. Reserve is located in Golub−Dobrzyń Forest District (53°18'39.52"N; 18°54'3.89"E; N Poland). The aim of our study was to determine the influence of passive protection for beech forest herb layer biodiversity. For our research, we used four series of phytosociological relevés made in 1967, 1984, 1995 and 2005. To investigate changes in habitat conditions we used Ellenberg indicator values. Differences between years were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey test. In subsequent years, the frequency and cover of non−forest species, mainly from Epilobietea, Artemisietea, Trifolio−Geranietea and Molinio−Arrhenatheretea classes increased. This is caused by the increase in light availability, as result of disturbances in the tree stands (windthrow, oak decline, insect gradation). Light is the only Ellenberg coefficient that has significantly changed during 38 years (fig., tab. 2). Increase of light availability had no effect on biodiversity of forest herb species from Querco−Fagetea class. In comparison, with other studies in similar forest communities, our results suggests that passive protection might give different effects on biodiversity in similar forest communities, depending on tree stand dynamics.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 06; 443-451
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ postępowania ochronnego na występowanie kornika drukarza Ips typographus (L.) w Dolinie Kościeliskiej w Tatrzańskim Parku Narodowym
    Effect of forest protection strategy on the occurrence of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Koscieliska Valley in the Tatra National Park
    Autorzy:
    Grodzki, W.
    Gąsienica Fronek, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986615.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Tatrzanski Park Narodowy
    Dolina Koscieliska
    obszary ochrony scislej
    drzewostany swierkowe
    drzewostany uszkodzone
    wiatrolomy
    szkodniki roslin
    kornik drukarz
    Ips typographus
    wystepowanie
    bark beetles
    norway spruce
    wind damage
    outbreaks
    nature conservation
    Opis:
    In the end of 2013 the Norway spruce stands in the Kościelska Valley in the Tatra National Park (S Poland) were severely damaged by the wind. In the next year about 22,000 m3 of timber from broken and fallen trees was processed and removed from the active protection zone, whilst in the strict protection zone those trees were left. In 2014, when the presented survey started, the infestation of lying and surrounding standing trees was very low, but starting from 2015 an intensive bark beetle Ips typographus outbreak affected the survived stands. No−intervention strategy was implemented by the national park in both zones, regardless their formal status at that time as well. In 2015 a set of 10 observation plots (200 trees in total) was established in both active and passive (strict) protection zones (5 plots in each zone). In 2017 a new set of 12 plots (240 trees in total) was installed (6 plots in each zone). On each plot the breast height diameter of all trees was measured and the relative mortality of trees (share of attacked spruces) was recorded each year. The infestation density and sex ratio were defined on the 25×25 cm bark samples taken from 138 trees in 2 trunk sections located 1.5−2.0 above the ground and in the midway between tree and crown bases. The bark beetle attack on living spruces in 2015 differed between the active and strict protection zones. The relative tree mortality was lower in active than in passive protection zone (20 and 39% respectively), but later it gradually came to be similar in both parts of the area (73.3 and 77.5%, respectively in 2017). In the initial outbreak phase, thinner (weaker) trees were attacked, and in the following years – stronger ones, although in the active protection zone the opposite pattern occurred initially. The attack density decreased in subsequent years, being higher in active protection zone, with gradually decreasing difference between zones. Thicker trees were attacked with lower intensity. The share of females, higher in active protection zone (68.2 vs. 63.9%), gradually decreased to (57.9 vs. 51.2%). The initial decrease of bark beetle attack intensity in the active protection zone gradually disappeared after the no−intervention strategy was applied. The resulting extended bark beetle infestation and its increasing intensity in both parts of the area, demonstrate the appropriateness and effectiveness of active protection measures applied in 2014.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 628-637
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odnowienie naturalne drzew w Puszczy Białowieskiej
    Natural regeneration of trees in the Bialowieza Forest
    Autorzy:
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Andrzejczyk, T.
    Żybura, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    odnowienia naturalne
    drzewa lesne
    topola osika
    Populus tremula
    brzoza brodawkowata
    Betula pendula
    brzoza omszona
    Betula pubescens
    olsza czarna
    Alnus glutinosa
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    dab szypulkowy
    Quercus robur
    jesion wyniosly
    Fraxinus excelsior
    klon pospolity
    Acer platanoides
    wiaz gorski
    Ulmus glabra
    swierk pospolity
    Picea abies
    lipa drobnolistna
    Tilia cordata
    grab pospolity
    proces dorastania
    ekosystemy lesne
    dynamika lasu
    active approach
    deer browsing
    long−term study
    multifunctional forest management
    natural recruitment
    nature conservation
    silvicultural treatment
    strict protection
    tree competition
    tree diversity
    Opis:
    Since several years already, a massive infestation of bark beetle has taken place in the Białowieża Forest, decimating a local Norway spruce population. In consequence, many open areas appeared, practically deprived of trees and other forest vegetation. The existence of such areas has a very negative impact on multiple values of the Białowieża Forest: natural, social, economical and landscape−aesthetic values. The local forest administration prepared a strategy aimed at active restoration of diverse woodland communities typical for the Białowieża Forest in all places, where bark beetle infestation wiped up the spruce stands. Those plans were criticized by representatives of the environmental organizations who blamed the foresters for transforming the Białowieża Forest into ‘plantation’ and claiming that such measures are inconsistent with the existing forest management and protection plan. The postulate of environmentalists is that the recovery of woodland communities should proceed completely naturally. Taking into account the above mentioned controversies, in this paper we examine the issue of natural regeneration in the Białowieża Forest in detail. In particular, we try to determine to which extent this method of forest reproduction enables re−establishment of compositionally diverse woodland communities, distinguished by a high level of biological diversity and able to provide a wide range of commodities and benefits important for today’s society. Based on an extensive literature review we show that a combination of different (abiotic and biotic) factors, influencing establishment and subsequent growth of seedlings and saplings in the Białowieża Forest has long been strongly unfavorable for many tree species. In this regard, one should particularly emphasize the negative role of large herbivores, especially red deer, which is present in the Białowieża Forest since the end of 19th century, when it became a private hunting ground for Russian tzars. The devastating effect of deer browsing on natural regeneration is a well−documented phenomenon and widely recognized problem in the forestry practice. The fencing of young forest generation against game pressure is an indispensable measure, needed to secure the continuous existence of several tree species (first of all those palatable and vulnerable to browsing). Very strong arguments for an active approach to the described problem delivers also a long−term study on natural forest dynamics conducted since 1936. It shows that under conditions of strict protection the regeneration capacity of the Białowieża tree species is very variable. These differences lead to the compositional simplification and impoverishment of many tree stands, with numerous negative consequences for local biodiversity. We underline that an active management strategy is a basic prerequisite for maintaining a diverse character of the Białowieża stands and their ability to provide all important ecosystem services on a sustainable basis. Such a strategy should include, beside of the phase of establishment, also the subsequent developmental stages of new forest generations. The general goal of such a strategy should be to secure a possibly high diversity of tree composition and to enable the development of tree species representing a full range of life−history strategies and playing different successional roles: from typical pioneer species, through intermediate, to climax species.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 11; 883-896
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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