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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27
Tytuł:
Wzorce porównawcze w leśnictwie
Comparative models in forestry
Autorzy:
Poznański, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
gospodarka lesna
wzorce porownawcze
technical and natural conventions
comparison
development norms
Opis:
Comparison of the results of forest management can be performed using two conventions: technical and natural (biological). Comparison by the technical model is normative, i.e. based on maximum norms that do not change in time. Natural convention bases on various developmental norms. In the State Forests the comparative assessment of the management results is based on the technical convention of similarities and standards contained in the ‘normal forest’ models. This convention of similarities adopted directly from technology (map and plan scales) has no justification in nature. The comparative value of developmental norms in the natural convention results from their continuous violation in the course of management and the predisposition of forest characteristics to assume mean values. The norms enable the regulation and control of forest growth and its sustainable development through the application of appropriate methods of selection of the desired direction of development of increasing timber resources. The management results have not so far been compared in the State Forests to the developmental norms, because this method of comparison requires a change in the foresters’ attitude to and evaluation of the phenomena occurring in nature: from technical to natural.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 03; 192-196
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie sektora leśnego w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej
Diversity of forestry sector in Poland in comparison to the European Union
Autorzy:
Słupska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11236724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
sektor lesno-drzewny
Polska
Unia Europejska
analiza czynnikowa
metoda Perkala
lesnictwo
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura; 2016, 71, 3; 73-81
0365-1118
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lasy ochronne w Polsce – zarys historii na tle Europy
Protective forests in Poland – an outline of history in comparison to Europe
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, J.
Orzechowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
lasy ochronne
gospodarka lesna
historia
Polska
protecting forests
protected forests
forest law
Opis:
Current forest protection related to the economic use of natural resources is compatible with the modern understanding of nature conservation as a whole – protection of ecosystems, biodiversity, natural and anthropogenic processes occurring in nature. It is also consistent with the principles of sustainable development. Forest protection is governed by a number of legal acts. Historical reasons underlay this diversity. The historical background of the emergence of protective forests intertwines with the history of forestry, strongly dependent on the economy of the region. In the Western Europe, forest management was strongly correlated with the development of mining, which needed significant quantities of wood to strengthen underground constructions and the development of a metallurgical industry based on wood as an energy material. Forestry was to ensure uniformity in the supply of wood, which was beginning to be scarce in more densely populated industrial areas. In Poland and other countries with a subsequent development of an economy based on mining industry, forestry was based on the rational use of renewable forest resources, but slightly different reasons for the development of conscious forest management. It can be assumed that the forestry of our cultural and economic zone developed in the estates as a way to obtain additional income. This simplified comparison shows the difference of causes and the similarity of the effect – the development of forest management and with it the development of the idea of protecting forests that perform protective functions. The aim of this study is to show the historical background of the existence of protective forests – a special form of protection of natural resources, resulting today with the Act on Forests and occupying over half of the area of the State Forests in Poland. The paper is a review of the historical sources. We describe the evolution of the reasons for which the forests are protected. It was emphasized that this was taking place in parallel or earlier than the decisions resulting from conservative nature conservation. The article is an attempt to prove that protective forests originate from the fear of insufficient forest resources, lack of certain specific forest types at an early stage of settlement.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 07; 598-609
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie metody dyskontowania do porównania kosztów upraw leśnych
Application of discount method for comparison of forest cultures costs
Autorzy:
Glura, J.
Molinski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
koszty
lesnictwo
dyskontowanie
metody oceny
uprawy lesne
ekonomika i organizacja
forest economy
reforestation success
analysis of variance
discount
Opis:
The research was carried in four randomly selected Forest Inspectorates from State Forests Department in Poznań. Forests sites in those Inspectorates are represented by three types: fresh coniferous forest, fresh mixed coniferous forest, fresh mixed broadleaved forest. The total forest plantations costs have been monitored for 7 years (1991−1997). The measurement of reforestation success was carried twice in 1992 and 1995. By use of analysis of variance method it was defined if there is any influence of discount on factors differentiate forest cultures cost
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 07; 13-23
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości porównywania jakości technicznej drzewostanów różnych faz rozwoju
Vozmozhnost sravnenija tekhnicheskogo kachestva nasazhdenijj raznykh faz razvitija
Possibilities of comparison of technical quality of stands in different development stages
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/824517.pdf
Data publikacji:
1988
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany
fazy rozwojowe
drzewa lesne
jakosc techniczna
analiza porownawcza
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1988, 132, 11-12
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie dokładności zdalnych metod szacowania wysokości drzew
Comparison of the accuracy of remote methods of tree−height estimation
Autorzy:
Mielcarek, M.
Bałazy, R.
Zawieja-Niedźwiecki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewa lesne
wysokosc drzew
szacowanie
lotniczy skaning laserowy
stereofotogrametria
lidar
dokladnosc
airborne laser scanning
stereo−photogrammetry
tree height
forestry
Opis:
The presented study deals with new capabilities of tree height estimation based on the remote sensing techniques. The main goal of this study is to find out the accuracy of tree height estimation based on LiDAR data and stereo−photogrammetric measurements. The area of investigation is located in the Western Sudetes Mountains (southern Poland). There were 75 trees chosen (Picea sp.) and measured using three different methods: traditional field measurements, stereo – photogrammetric observations and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS). Tree heights estimated using LiDAR data and stereo−photogrammetric measurements were compared to heights acquired in the field. The mean tree height difference between LiDAR and field measurements was 0.60 m (RMSE=1.47 m), whereas the mean tree height difference between stereo−photogrammetric measurements and field equaled to –0.55 m (RMSE=1.04 m). The obtained results allow the conclusion to be drawn that Airborne Laser Scanning and stereo−photogrammetric observations are competitive with traditional methods of forest parameters measurements owing to the automation and accuracy of surveys. This study has confirmed that remote sensing techniques are effective and reliable methods of obtaining data for forest inventory.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 09; 714-721
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie metod określania wydatku energetycznego na przykładzie leśnictwa
Comparing methods of energy expenditure estimation using forestry as an example
Autorzy:
Grzywiński, W.
Mederski, P.S.
Bembenek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1313061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
prace lesne
stanowiska pracy
czynnosci robocze
wydatek energetyczny
metody obliczen
metody szacunkowe
pomiary
analiza porownawcza
energy expenditure
comparison of methods
forestry
Opis:
In this paper the values of energy expenditure obtained with estimative methods (tables of energy expenditure, Lehmann's method) were compared to the data obtained with a method based on pulmonary ventilation measurements. Thereby, the usefulness of estimative methods for determining energy expenditure on work stations in forestry was tested. We compared energy expenditures for 30 forestry work stations within which 59 different activities were distinguished. For each activity the energy expenditure was determined utilizing the three following methods: pulmonary ventilation measurement, tables of energy expenditure and Lehmann's method. The percentage error in energy expenditure for particular activities determined with tables ranged from -44.47% to 42.31%. The highest representation of error value (52.8%) varied between -19.9% and 5.0%. The error in energy expenditure estimation determined with Lehmann's method is characterized by a smaller variability ranging from -31.35% to 34.13%. The highest density of error values was found in the range from -4.9% to 10.0%, which comprises 44.1% of the results. To conclude, the use of tables resulted in an underestimation of the energy expenditure value for 64.1% of activities, whereas the use of Lehmann's method resulted in an underestimation in 49.1% of the cases.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 4; 417-421
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie oceny zwarcia drzewostanu za pomocą metody wizualnej i zwarciomierza
Comparison of visual estimation of the canopy cover with the canopyscope assessment
Autorzy:
Chmura, D.
Salachna, A.
Sierka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany
fitosocjologia
zwarcie drzewostanu
metody oceny
metoda wizualna
metoda kanopiskopowa
kanopiskop
zwarciomerz zob.kanopiskop
canopy closure
ocular estimate cover
phytosociology
Opis:
he visual estimates of tree canopy cover belong to the fundamental measurements of analytical features of forest phytocoenoses. However, it is the subjective method, which results in error difficult to control. The objective of the research was to present a canopyscope and to compare results of canopy cover estimation using it with visual estimates. We conducted several experiments in oak−hornbeam, pine and spruce forest stands in southern Poland. We engaged in fieldwork well− and less−experienced students, i.e. biologists skilled in methods of phytosociology and students of nature engineering as well as three professional phytosociologists. They performed a comparative research in terms of correlation analyses, analysis of coefficients of variation and intra−class correlation (ICC) between−observers and between−methods using both ways of canopy cover estimates. The correlation between canopyscope score and results of visual estimates was highest in the group of phytosociologists (rs=0.82, p<0.001) followed by well−experienced students (rs=0.72, p<0.001) and less−experienced persons (rs=0.62, p<0.001). For purpose of comparison of both methods two variants of visual method were applied: optional visual cover estimate, and adjusted visual method where percentage cover of tree layer was noted using 4% intervals likewise in canopyscope method. The results of visual estimate method were characterized by more than threefold higher variation (CV%=9.72 and CV%=9.46 for optional variant and adjusted variant respectively) in comparison with canopy−scope method (CV%=2.26) in repeating measurements on the same plot. In terms of repeatability, analysis yielded 0.873 (p<0.0001) and 0.622 (p=0.00682) values of ICC for canopyscope and adjusted visual estimate respectively between two phytosociologists. The result of intra−class correlation for comparison between methods within each rater separately revealed low and non−significant value of ICC. We suggest using canopyscope because this method is more precise, reliable and repeatable than visual estimation. Moreover, canopyscope is easier and more convenient to use when compared to objective methods as hemispherical photography of tree canopy and image analysis.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 475-481
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dokładność statystycznej metody reprezentacyjnej a zmiany wielkości zasobów drzewnych w kolejnych rewizjach urządzania lasu
A comparison of two growing stock assessments by stratified sampling - how does accuracy of inventory affect our interpretation of the results
Autorzy:
Jablonski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
zasobnosc drzewostanu
zasoby drzewne
szacowanie
metody statystyczne
metoda reprezentacyjna
dokladnosc
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2013, 74, 1
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wad wielkowymiarowego drewna sosnowego w normalizacji krajów Unii Europejskiej
Comparison of the large-size wood defects in the European Union countries normalization
Autorzy:
Malinowski, Z.
Wieruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewnictwo
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
drewno sosnowe
drewno okragle
drewno wielkowymiarowe
wady drewna
normalizacja
normy polskie
normy europejskie
standards
qualitative classification
round wood
scots pine
Opis:
Scots pine wood is widely used in many branches of the wood industry. The possibility to select the raw material quality according to the specific processing needs corresponding to different uses is related with the issues of the standardisation, which comprises classification based both on the dimensions of processed assortments as well as their defects and traits of anatomical construction. In the last two decades of economic transformations in Poland, there has been increasing importance of the standardisation process because of the trade between the European Union (EU) member−states. EU−membership involved gradual adjustment to the rules of round wood trade, which are applicable in the old EU member−states. Many international certification institutions as well as the Polish Committee for Standardisation were involved in the process of standardisation. The experience of northern and western European countries generated a very complex classification system, which partly matched the national standards. There are differences in the description of Scots pine wood characteristics and defects in the domestic standards and technical conditions concerning this timber trade, which is of key importance to the Polish wood industry.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 795-803
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie kilku metod obliczania wartości gruntów leśnych
The comparison of several forest ground calculating methods
Autorzy:
Zydroń, A.
Walkowiak, R.
Moliński, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
metody wyceny
metoda Glasera
metoda Standardu
metoda Faustmanna
metoda Martineita
metoda wyceny gruntow przyleglych
analiza porownawcza
metoda Riebla
wartosc
metoda Bauza
lesnictwo
grunty lesne
forest grounds calculating
cluster analysis
correlation matrix
Opis:
In the paper the values of forest grounds were calculated using profitable methods (Bauz, Faustmann, Martineit, Glaser, Riebel) as well as standard methods. The results were also compared with the data containing the value of adjacent grounds. The forestry managements used for the research have been typed according to natural, economical and social criteria. In order to compare the above mentioned methods, the results have been analyzed by cluster analysis and correlation matrix.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2007, 151, 06; 3-11
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie rodów daglezji (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) w doświadczeniu w Nadleśnictwie Manowo
Comparison of the half-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the trial in the Manowo Forest District
Autorzy:
Barzdajn, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/992705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
hodowla lasu
drzewa lesne
gatunki obce
daglezja zielona
Pseudotsuga menziesii
rody hodowlane
analiza porownawcza
pseudotsuga menziesii
testing
breeding
Opis:
Douglas−fir is the most important introduced forest tree species in Poland. It is included into the frame of the breeding program that needs to test the selected objects. In the described trial the families of 14 plus trees are being tested. They are half−sib families from the open pollination. The significant differences between the families were stated in case of the diameter at the breast height and the height. The evaluation of the families being tested was carried out.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 03; 204-212
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie sposobów określania składu gatunkowego drzewostanów obrębu leśnego
Comparison of the methods of determining the tree species composition of stands in a forest district
Autorzy:
Bruchwald, A.
Miścicki, S.
Dmyterko, E.
Stereńczak, K.
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
sklad gatunkowy
struktura gatunkowa
metody badan
analiza porownawcza
obreby lesne
basal area
cover
diversity
sample plot
survey
volume
Opis:
In Polish forest management planning, the species composition of stands in a forest district is established by adding up the volumes of tree species from individual forest stands. These volumes are calculated according to the estimated share of species cover and the estimated volume of the entire forest stand. The species structure of stands in a forest district, established on the basis of such a method, may be different than that obtained from sample plots. The aim of the study was to compare three ways of determining the tree species structure of stands in a forest district. In Method 1, the species composition was estimated on the basis of the volume of trees measured on sample plots as part of a periodic forest inventory based on stratified sampling. The same data were used in Method 2, but the share of species was calculated on the basis of the basal area. In Method 3, the species structure was estimated according to the volume of trees estimated in each forest stand based on the cover of a given species. The empirical material was collected in 53 forest districts. In method 1 and 2, data from an average of 740 sample plots within the forest district were used. In Method 3, data from the forest stand descriptions contained in the database of the State Forests Information System were used. For each forest district, species composition was calculated, including 6 tree species and 8 groups of tree species. For all forest districts, the average shares of individual species and groups of species differed, depending on the applied method (tab. 1). In case of methods 1 and 2, the biggest difference was found for pine – the most numerous species – but it was also big for less numerous ones: birch and oak (tab. 2). In case of methods 1 and 3, the biggest difference in share was also found for pine (tab. 3). The greater the species diversity of a forest district (determined according to Simpson’s index of diversity), the greater was the average difference in the estimated share of an individual species (figs. 1 and 2). The method of determining the species structure in a forest district used in forest management practice nowadays was considered insufficient. It was proposed to establish it in larger units (subclass, age class, forest district) only according to the volume of trees measured on the sample plots (without rounding and ‘switching’ of species), using the stratified sampling method.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 05; 365-372
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie klasycznej i obecnej metody prognozowania występowania pierwotnych szkodników sosny
Comparison of classic and current method of forecasting the activity of primary pests of Scots pine
Autorzy:
Kozak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
ochrona lasu
szkodniki roslin
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
szkodniki pierwotne
prognozowanie
Instrukcja Ochrony Lasu
metody badan
metoda powierzchni czastkowych
metoda klasyczna
dokladnosc
pracochlonnosc
analiza porownawcza
scots pine
pests
autumn search
Opis:
German (new) and classic methods of forecasting the activity of primary pests of Scots pine were described in terms of the most important criteria i.e. accuracy and laboriousness. Investigated methods of autumn search of pests did not differ in terms of analysed parameters.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 10; 669-675
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dendrochronologiczna analiza przyrostów rocznych świerka pospolitego (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) poza naturalnym zasięgiem a cechy biometryczne szyszek
Dendrochronological analysis of annual increments of Norway spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karsten] outside its natural range in comparison to biometric features of the cones
Autorzy:
Koprowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
szyszki
dendrochronologia
cechy biometryczne
Picea abies
lesnictwo
przyrosty roczne
swierk pospolity
drzewa lesne
dendrochronology
norway spruce
cones
statistical analysis
Opis:
Dendrochronological analysis and measurements of selected features of the cones allowed to describe the influence of the over−regional factors and the origin of trees on the increment pattern of Norway spruce growing in north−western Poland outside its natural range. Trees from study sites in the Świerczyna Forest District that is located farther southwards than the others characterise different course of tree growth. One of these sites stands out from the analysed group in terms of biometric features of the cones. The origin of the trees seems to decide on the spatial distribution of the increment pattern in a little way.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 03; 50-57
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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