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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Institutional organisation of the European Union in the time of crisis – horizontal division of power and functions
    Autorzy:
    Monika, Poboży,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894948.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-21
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    government of the European Union
    legislative power
    executive power
    judicial power
    separation of powers in the European Union
    Opis:
    The article poses a question about the existence of the rule of separation of powers in the EU institutional system, as it is suggested by the wording of the treaties. The analysis led to the conclusion, that in the EU institutional system there are three separated functions (powers) assigned to different institutions. The Council and the European Parliament are legislative powers, the Commission and the European Council create a “divided executive”. The Court of Justice is a judicial power. The above mentioned institutions gained strong position within their main functions (legislative, executive, judicial), but the proper mechanisms of checks and balances have not been developed, especially in the relations between legislative and executive power. These powers do not limit one another in the EU system. In the EU there are therefore three separated but arbitrary powers – because they do not limit and balance one another, and are not fully controlled by the member states.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2015, 4 (38); 54-66
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Rights and the Proxies of the Monarch in Romania According to the Constitution of 1866
    Autorzy:
    Popenko, Yaroslav
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28842642.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    executive power
    legislative power
    principality
    constitutional monarchy
    national representation
    Basic Law
    parliament
    succession to the throne
    judicial power
    Opis:
    The article is devoted to the analysis and the characteristics of the rights and the proxies of the monarch in Romania according to the Constitution of 1866. The adoption of the first Basic Law was the fateful act in the history of the state-building processes of Romania and contributed to its development as the sovereign state. The Constitution had the contractual nature and established the compromise between the young bourgeoisie and the large landowners in the form of the constitutional monarchy. The king in Romania for a long time remained the person who was «above» of all the state and political leadership of the country. This status and the proxies of the monarch were delegated with the first Basic Law. The legal fixing of such legal status of the monarch at the level of the Constitution made it possible to establish full-fledged royal power, which was an extremely important state-political step for the development of Romania as the independent country. The constitutional foundations, the functions and the limitations of the institution of the monarchical power in the principality were fixed in the number of the articles of the Constitution of 1866. At the same time, the important state-constitutional aspect was the clear fixation that all proxies of the monarch could be done based on the interests of the Romanian nation. The Basic Law of 1866 established the proxies of the monarch such as in the legislative branch of power (the right of legislative initiative, the right of the interpretation of laws, Articles 32–34); executive power (had to implement it in the manner determined with the Constitution, Article 35) and partially in the justice system (the right to declare amnesty on the political issues, the right to postpone or to mitigate punishment in criminal cases, Article 93). For strengthening of the foundations of the statehood, the Constitution officially established the principle of the hereditary power of the monarch (Article 82). His person was declared inviolable. Herewith, the Romanian constitutionalists fixed that the monarch did not have any other proxies, except those granted to him with the Basic Law (Article 96). Adopted in 1866, the Basic Law approved legally the democratic aspirations of the Romanian nation. It defined directly the most important principles of the state functioning as the principle of the national sovereignty, the principle of the division of powers, the principle of representative government, the principle of hereditary monarchy, the principle of the responsibility of the state officials, the principle of the Rule of law, etc. The Basic Law definitely contributed to the gradual democratization of the state-governing and public structures, the formation of the concept of the civil personality and untouchability, foresaw the presence of the political and legal pluralism in the country, etc. Due to the introduction of the institution of the constitutional monarchy, that ruler in the person of Karl I could establish and hold the certain political balance in the country between the liberals and the conservatives, which opened the possibility to potentially strengthen the two-party system and laid the foundations of the civil society and the future constitutional life of Romania.
    Źródło:
    Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 63-69
    2720-6998
    Pojawia się w:
    Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział świeckich w potestas regiminis Kościoła katolickiego
    The Participation of the Lay Christian Faithful in the Potestas Regiminis of the Catholic Church
    La participation des laïcs dans potestas regiminis de lÉglise catholique
    Autorzy:
    Menke, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791418.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    canon law
    the power of governance
    legislative power
    executive power
    judicial power
    the lay Christian faithful
    prawo kanoniczne
    władza rządzenia
    władza ustawodawcza
    władza wykonawcza
    władza sądownicza
    wierni świeccy
    Opis:
    This article analyses the contemporary canonical-legal situation of lays in the relation to the execution of the Church power of governance. It undertakes this question on the field of executive after the position of the laity in some special cases. In the field of legislative is participation of the laity not to be expected. In the largest extent, the lays are involved into the exercise of the judicial power of the Church. Article describes the concrete possibilities of involvement of the lays into the work of Church tribunals as judges, defenders of the bond, promoters of justice, notaries, advocates, procurators and experts. This paper refers to multivalent interpretations of the possibility of participation of lays on the judicial power of the Church that comes out from norms comprised in c. 129 § 2 C.I.C. a c. 1421 § 2 C.I.C., as like as that if the lays can be the bearers of this power and on witch base, or if they only participate on its execution. In this field will be necessary to work out a theological base and to precise the legislation for the better formal precision and clarity of law in this sphere.
    Źródło:
    Kościół i Prawo; 2013, 2 (15) nr 2; 101-113
    0208-7928
    2544-5804
    Pojawia się w:
    Kościół i Prawo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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