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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Rozwój kartografii tematycznej na Litwie po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1990 roku
    Development of thematic cartography in independent Lithuania after 1990
    Autorzy:
    Beconyte, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204208.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    kartografia tematyczna
    Litwa
    Opis:
    W artykule autorka omawia rozwój kartografii tematycznej Litwy po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1990 roku, wpływ stosowanych w tym czasie technologii cyfrowych i związane z nimi problemy metodyczne oraz możliwości ich rozwiązywania. Przedstawia już wydane i opracowywane publikacje kartograficzne, a także najważniejsze badania teoretyczne prowadzone na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim.
    This paper is a summary of the results of investigation into development of thematical cartography in new society, concentrating on the main problems and with a perspective of building the informational system for thematical mapping at national level. It provides an overview of development of Lithuanian thematic cartography after the restoration of independence in 1990. As that decade can be characterized as a period of rapid and often uncontrolable implementation of novel digital technologies in cartography together with corresponding growth of informational complexity in this area, we argue, that observed crises in development of thematical cartography in Lithuania reflect the pressing problems of modern cartography in general, revealing the most sensitive points of every stage of implementation of new technologies and methods of visualization. These problems can be defined as: task complexity (how to build a functioning informational system for thematic mapping considering diverse and complex spatial information, need for efficient cooperation of specialists from various disciplines with increasingly wide range of skills and finally, mostly limited resources); the quality of production (problems of unbiased quality evaluation, formal quality criteria, quality assurance starting with early stages of thematical map design); lack of user-oriented approach (pragmatic aspects of map quality, usability testing for different kinds of thematical maps). Each methodological problem is related with a specific area of cartographical information and corresponding engineering (structural, functional and semantic) of informational system for large compound products such as the national atlas of the country. Provided solutions for above mentioned problems were attained for the most part applying methods of system engineering and object-oriented design, life cycle modelling and building the system of quality criteria for thematical maps. It was proved that these methods help to attain better communicative quality of maps with any technology of cartographic visualization. In 1990-2000 many thematic maps of Lithuania were published, however the lack of cartographic representation of socio-cultural and economic phenomena is obvious.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2003, T. 35, nr 1, 1; 25-32
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Od Bertina i Hotellinga do Zadeha i Kohonena, czyli o zastosowaniu sztucznych sieci neuronowych w kartografii tematycznej
    From Bertin and Hotelling to Zadeh and Kohonen, or about applications of neutral networks in thematic cartography
    Autorzy:
    Kępińska, M.
    Olszewski, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204234.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    sieć neuronowa Kohonena
    kartografia tematyczna
    Opis:
    W artykule omówiono wybrane współczesne metody klasyfikowania danych oraz pokazano możliwość ich wykorzystania w kartografii. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na możliwość zastosowania sieci neuronowych Kohonena jako narzędzia nienadzorowanej klasyfikacji danych przestrzennych.
    The article discusses selected contemporary methods of multi-feature data and shows their possible applications in cartography. Graphic information processing described by J. Bertin and principal components analysis created by H. Hotelling, which enables the transfer of results from n-dimensional space to three-, two-, and even one-dimensional space, are examples of non-standard classification in cartography. An examples of spatial data classification using L.A. Zadeh's theory of fuzzy sets is presented. In this classification particuler objects belong to different classes, with various levels of subordination. The article draws special attention to possibility of using neural networks (NN) as a tool for unsupervised classification of spatial data. NN using systems are widely applied in branches of knowledge, which research prediction and classification. From the point of view of source data classification, it is interesting to use NN prepared by unsupervised learning. A so called Kohonen's network is an example of such structure. During the learning process this network does not receive feedback on the correctness of particular answers. Not knowing the expected output information, the network selflearns to recognize data structure. The outer surface of the network creates a, so called, Kohonen topological map, which projects the relations of similarity between the features of analyzed objects into one- or two-dimensional space. The article presents two examples of practical applications of Kohonen's network in classification of multi-feature spatial data. Presented multi-feature data classification methods, despite high differentiation of algorithms, show similar approach to the discussed problem. Self-learning of Kohonen's network, like permutation method, consists in revealing the structure of source data. Application of neural networks, similarly to the method of principal components, allows to reduce the dimension of the space of attributes. In neural networks, as in the classification method basing on theory of fuzzy sets, the final interpretation should be preceded by an estimation of the level of activation of particular neurons. Application of one-dimensional out surface of Kohonen's net-work makes it possible to directly present the classification results on a thematic map, which is optimal from a cartographic point of view.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 2, 2; 103-114
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sposoby przedstawiania zagadnień geośrodowiskowych na przeglądowych mapach tematycznych
    Methods of presentation of geoenvironmental issues on general thematic maps
    Autorzy:
    Sikorska-Maykowska, M.
    Grabowski, D.
    Strzelecki, R.
    Lewandowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    mapa
    mapa środowiska
    Śląsk
    cartography
    map
    environmental map
    Silesia
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia metodyczne kartograficznej prezentacji waloryzacji stanu środowiska przyrodniczego na terenach poddanych silnej antropopresji górnictwa i przemysłu na obszarze województwa śląskiego, Wynikiem tych prac była seria map w skalach 1:200 000, 1:300 000 i 1:650 000, z których kilka wybrano jako ilustrację tekstu.
    The article presents the experience of the Department of Environmental Geology of the Polish Geological Institute in the field if thematic map elaboration. Presentation of geoenvironmental issues in a cartographic form of a thematic map was conducted in two stages: - the first stage - combined data collection and edition, i.e. an analysis of environmental condition and valorization of its resources; - the second stage - dealt with the presentation, i.e.choice of an appropriate form for this particular subject. Collected and verified geoenvironmental information from the region of Silesia were thoroughly analyzed; on the basis of this analysis the following environmental components were valorized: mineral deposits, surface waters, ground waters and elements of plant life protected by law. At the same time the areas which are strongly affected by mining and industry were also analyzed. To cartographically present the analyzed processes the area was divided into 1 km aquares; within each square anthropopression weight was calculated. The calculation accounted not only for the strength of particular factors, but also the area occupied by the source of anthropopression within a particular square. To determine the area of most valuable natural resources in the region of Silesia several factors were considered: location of highest quality ground water and its resources, area vital for the preservation of the quality and quantity of surface water, location of most valuable deposits (in this case they were hard coal, zinc, lead and dolomites) and nature preserves of CORINE system. The synthesis allowed to point out areas of special care because of anthropogenic hazard as well as areas that should be protected for their natural resources. Analysis of prepared maps was conducted in GIS environment. Finally five classes of areas of different conflict level were determined: Class A - very hogh conflict level, Class B - high, Class C1 - average to high, Class C2 - average, Class D - low. Research results were presented in the form of general maps in 1:650 000, 1:300 000 - for selected areas and result maps in 1:200 000. These maps with a written commentary present many aspects of environment protection, which ahould be accounted for in economic policies, spatial planning, or in the management of environment and space. To present such a wide spectrum of environmental issues several types of maps in three different scales have been used. On the most signifacant of them - the result map in 1:200 000, titled " Anthropopression and conflict areas in the region of Silesia " there is also an enlarged fragment in 1:100 000 presenting the area of highest conflict level. The illustration shows four most interesting examples of prepared maps. Complete presentation is prepared in GIS form, in ArcInfo system.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2003, T. 35, nr 4, 4; 259-264
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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