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Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Research of acoustical impedance of human skin
Autorzy:
Plaskota, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
acoustic impedance
human skin
HRTF
impedancja akustyczna
skóra człowieka
Opis:
This paper presents the methodology of measuring acoustic impedance of human skin and discusses the results of the tests. Measurement of the acoustic impedance of human skin is a complex issue. The most difficult thing is related to the nature of the object of research. Cooperation of volunteer participating in the experiment is crucial in collecting accurate data. Appropriate measuring conditions must be provided because of the length of time required to conduct measurement. The Kundt tube method has been used as a research technique applied for evaluation of the material impedance. It was assumed that the results would differ with regard to different points chosen for measurement, located on the body of volunteer as well as with regard to the features of the skin structure of the volunteers participating in this experiment. Results have revealed that for different people similar parameters have been obtained. Moreover, results are alike for various measured points localized on person’s body.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2019, 30, 1; 1-6
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drug diffusion transport through human skin
Autorzy:
Walicka, A.
Iwanowska-Chomiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/265397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
ludzka skóra
dyfuzja
dostarczanie leków
drug delivery
human skin
diffusion
Opis:
The stratum corneum (SC) forms the outermost layer of the human skin and is essentially a multilamellar lipid milieu punctuated by protein-filled corneocytes that augment membrane integrity and significantly increase membrane tortuosity. The lipophilic character of the SC, coupled with its intrinsic tortuosity, ensure that it almost always provides the principal barrier to the entry of drug molecules into the organism. Drugs can be administered either as suspensions or as solutions and the formulation can range in complexity from a gel or and ointment to a multilayer transdermal path. In this paper, we discuss theoretical principles used to describe transdermal release and we show that relatively simple membrane transport models based on the appropriate solution to the Fick’s second law of diffusion can be used to explain drug release kinetics into such a complex biological membrane as the human skin. To apply the Fick’s law we introduced into our considerations a brick-and-mortar model with two factors of tortuosity. Assuming that the mortar thickness is variable we also introduced the hindrance factor allowing us to model this variability. Having the modified Fick’s equation we presented its general solution and two special cases of this solution frequently applicable in permeation experiments. It seems that the solutions presented herein better approximate the real conditions of drug delivery then these well known.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2018, 23, 4; 977-988
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rheology of drugs for topical and transdermal delivery
Autorzy:
Walicka, A.
Falicki, J.
Iwanowska-Chomiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
leki
model reologiczny
skóra ludzka
drug delivery
human skin
drug rheology
rheological models
Opis:
Skin drug delivery systems are a constant source of interest because of the benefits that they offer to overcome many drawbacks associated with other modes of drug delivery (i.e. oral, intravenous, etc.). Because of the impermeable nature of the skin, designing a suitable drug delivery vehicle that penetrates the skin barrier is challenging. Skin drug delivery can be subdivided into topical and transdermal (Fig.1). In a topical administration the drug is intended to act at skin level, this is indicated for the treatment of skin diseases. The aim of transdermal administration is getting a systemic release and in this case the skin represents a barrier not a target. The availability of drugs or other active substances through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of these drugs or substances from vehicle or carrier and their subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles or carriers, such as their rheological behaviours, are of great interest in the field of pharmaceutical products. The objective of the present study is to systematically characterize a nonlinear rheological behaviour and flow properties of drugs and drug carriers into topical and transdermal administration. To this aim, one- and threedimensional rheological models are presented, which may be used to describe drug release through the skin and through the extracellular and interstitial matrix structures. Finally, the rheological measurements of some commercial creams and ointments were made.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2019, 24, 1; 179-198
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fractal model of transdermal drug delivery
Autorzy:
Walicka, A.
Iwanowska-Chomiak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
dostarczanie leków
ludzka skóra
naskórek
model fraktalny
drug delivery
human skin
epidermis
fractal model
Opis:
Skin, separating the vital organs of a human body, is a desirable route for drug delivery. However, the intact skin is normally permeable only for drug molecules with a low molecular weight. The stratum corneum (SC), being the outermost layer of the skin and the epidermis being the second – more permeable – layer of the skin, play an essential function in transdermal drug delivery. Physical and chemical methods of skin poration are used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Each poration leads to an irregular system of pores which are connected with a system of micro-capillaries passing through the epidermis. Both the systems by their irregularity form a fractal porous matrix. Drugs administrated by this matrix can be either suspensions and solutions or creams and gels, therefore they have to be modelled as non-Newtonian fluids. To analyse the fluid flow through the porous matrix the model of the epidermis is assumed as gobbet-andmortar with the tortuous mortar of variable thickness and after transition from the mortar to the tube one considered classical and fractal capillary flows of selected non-Newtonian fluids. Fractal expressions for the flow rate, velocity and permeability of fluids flow in a porous matrix are derived based on the fractal properties of the epidermis and capillary model. Each parameter in the proposed expressions does not contain any empirical constant and has a clear physical meaning and the proposed fractal models relate the flow properties of considered fluids with the structural parameters of the epidermis as a porous medium. The presented analytical expressions will help understand some of the physical principles of transdermal drug delivery.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2018, 23, 4; 989-1004
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Naturalne promieniowanie UV a przedwczesne starzenie się skóry człowieka
Natural ultraviolet radiation and preliminary skin aging
Autorzy:
Łastowiecka-Moras, E.
Bugajska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181415.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
promieniowanie UV
skóra człowieka
starzenie się skóry
choroby skóry
UV radiation
human skin
skin diseases
Opis:
W artykule omówiono szkodliwe działanie naturalnego promieniowania nadfioletowego na skórę. Promieniowanie nadfioletowe (UV) to niewidzialne promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne o długości fali od 200 do 400 nm, które - obok promieniowania podczerwonego i światła widzialnego wchodzi w skład docierającego do ziemi promieniowania słonecznego. Spośród wszystkich rodzajów promieniowania słonecznego właśnie promieniowanie nadfioletowe ma największy wpływ na organizm ludzki, a skutki jego oddziaływania na organizm człowieka mogą być zarówno korzystne, jak i bardzo szkodliwe.
This article discusses harmful impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human skin. UV radiation is an invisible electromagnetic radiation in the 200 - 400 nm wave range which, in addition to infrared radiation and daylight, makes up the sunlight that reaches the Earth. From among all types of radiation it is ultraviolet radiation that has the greatest impact on the human body. Exposure to to UV radiation may be both positive and seriously harmful.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2011, 6; 8-10
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Środki ochrony skóry - definicje, rodzaje, zastosowanie, ocena ryzyka zawodowego i obowiązujące w Polsce regulacje prawne cz.1
Guidelines on skin protection measures part 1
Autorzy:
Kurpiewska, J.
Liwkowicz, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/179463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
skóra człowieka
ochrona skóry
środki ochrony skóry
badania
ocena ryzyka zawodowego
prawo
human skin
skin protection
barrier creams
testings
occupational risk assessment
legal regulations
Opis:
Na podstawie analizy dostępnych materiałów i dokumentów dotyczących statusu prawnego i praktycznego stosowania środków ochrony skóry (ŚOS) w UE i wybranych krajach opracowano w CIOP-PIB projekt wytycznych w zakresie wymagań, doboru i stosowania tych preparatów. W artykule przedstawiono: cel i zakres wytycznych, formułowane definicje, charakterystykę stosowanych środków ochrony skóry oraz identyfikację zagrożeń i ocenę ryzyka na stanowiskach pracy w odniesieniu do skóry.
Skin protection measures (SPMs) - barrier creams/gels - are a way of protecting workers' hands against hazardous substances at workplaces where gloves cannot be used. To reduce the risk of developing irritant and allergic contact dermatitis in hand care and in industry, preventive measures are recommended. SPMs are very often misused as skin care products but for users safety and reliability of the preparation are most important. That is why only tested, effective, clearly marked preparations should be offered on the market. The developed draft guidelines include definitions of SPMs, current legal and technical requirements, marking, assortment and use.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2010, 6; 23-25
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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