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Tytuł:
Znaczenie urządzania lasu w trwale zrównoważonej gospodarce leśnej
Importance of forest planning in sustainable forest management
Autorzy:
Borecki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka zrownowazona
gospodarka lesna
znaczenie
plan urzadzania lasu
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
forest management
forest planning
multifunctional forest management
forest management services
Opis:
Paper emphasises the positive impact of the forest management planning on the condition of Polish forests after World War II. Attention was drawn to the solutions in the forest law supporting sustainable forest management. General views on modern forest management planning of three distinguished scientists, specialists in forest ecosystem functioning, Aleksander Sokołowski, Eugeniusz Bernadzki and Andrzej Szujecki were presented.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 01; 9-14
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola urządzania lasu w rozwoju Lasów Państwowych
The role of forest management planning in the development of the State Forests
Autorzy:
Matysiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Biuro Urzadzania Lasu i Geodezji Lesnej
funkcje
gospodarka lesna
plan urzadzania lasu
znaczenie
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
forest management planning
forest management plan
forest management and geodesy bureau
Opis:
The paper specifies the main tasks which the State has set for forest management planning and emphasises the importance of professional and reliable execution of these tasks for the development of the State Forests. Using examples, it shows the crucial contribution of forest management planning to the undertakings critical for the fulfilment of the State Forests' legal and statutory mission in line with biodiversity requirements, the principle of forest sustainability and forest resource utilization continuity, as well as nature conservation requirements contemporarily known as sustainable forest management.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 01; 22-29
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywy zorientowanej na przyszłość gospodarki leśnej w Niemczech – polityczno−gospodarcze działania w warunkach napięć społecznych
The perspectives of the future−oriented forest management in Germany – the political and economic activities under the social unrest conditions
Autorzy:
Oesten, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka zrownowazona
gospodarka lesna
napiecia spoleczne
sytuacja ekonomiczna
lesnictwo
obszary problemowe
Niemcy
forest management crisis
conflict areas
challenges to forest management
Opis:
The paper deals with the forest management crisis in Germany and its causes. It also outlines the main conflict areas and the possibilities of tackling crises.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 12; 3-11
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielofunkcyjność gospodarki leśnej - dylematy ekonomiczne
Autorzy:
Klocek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1021983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka wielofunkcyjna
gospodarka lesna
aspekty ekonomiczne
lesnictwo
multi−functional forest management
state interference with forest management and its economic
consequences
forestry in national accounts
Opis:
The first part of the article deals with the discrepancy between the principles of functioning of free−market economy and realization of the intangible goods (services) of forest management. In the second part, the degree of state interference with forest management is presented on the example of a number of countries, while the third part depicts the economic consequences of that interference. The fourth part presents a draft proposal of upgrading forestry's status in national accounts.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 06; 3-16
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka zmian w stanie lasów Puszczy Noteckiej
The description of changes in the state of the Notecka Primeval Forest
Autorzy:
Miś, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Puszcza Notecka
gospodarka lesna
lasy
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
notecka forest
forest management
forest condition
trends of changes
Opis:
The paper provides the results of the subsequent forest management plans conducted for Forest Districts lying on the grounds of the Notecka Primeval Forest. The objective of the studies was to define the trends of changes of indicators used in the assessment of the state of forests and forest management. The obtained results refer to the longer period of time (44 years) and account for important changes in the structure and functioning of the Notecka Primeval Forest.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2003, 147, 06; 34-46
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ gospodarki leśnej na przydatność lasów podmiejskich do rekreacji
Effect of forest management on recreational usefulness of suburban forests
Autorzy:
Dudek, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
lasy podmiejskie
uzytkowanie lasu
uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
przydatnosc do rekreacji
forest recreation
forest management
ecosystem services
forest use
Opis:
The article is related to recreational use of forests, a dynamically growing sector of forest exploita− tion complying with the European model of multifunctional forestry. The study examined the relation between selected forestry operations performed in forests and the level of their recre− ational usefulness (recreational potential), and separately between the type of forest−hold and the dominant function of forest versus its usefulness for recreation. The study was carried out in south−eastern Poland, in suburban forests of Rzeszów. Recreational potential was determined with the use of method commonly applied in Poland, based on assessment of several features of tree stands i.e. habitat moisture, age of tree stands, inclination of the terrain, stand density, presence of undergrowth and underbrush, soil cover, species composition of the stand. The rela− tionships were examined with chi−squared test and their strength was assessed with Cramér V index. Tree stands with recreational value account for nearly 72% of the relevant forest area. Mean recreational capacity of the forests amounted to 2.19 man−hour/ha/day. The results show statistically significant effect of forest management in recreational usefulness of tree stands. In the case of forestry operations and type of forest−hold, the relationship is weak, but moderate for forest function. The stands with the largest recreational usefulness where those in which lumber is acquired from small felling sites (92% of these were useful for recreation), or those located in protection forests and fulfilling water protection functions (not to be confused with protection of water intakes, i.e. special forests). Protection forests were found with twice as many recre− ationally useful stands (60%) than commercial forests (32%). Similarly, water−protecting forests were twice as useful for recreation (78%) as forests protecting urban areas (35%) and forests damaged by industry (37%). The main factors reducing recreational usefulness of forests include dense undergrowth and underbrush (40% of land cover). The study identifies the elements of commercial forestry resulting in greater recreational usefulness of forests; hence it is possible to designate tree stands, which can be additionally developed for tourism related purposes without a need to modify the existing principles of forest management. On the other hand, in forests accessible for leisure, foresters can enhance the increase in recreational potential of forests by conducting planned commercial operations.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 07; 583-591
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomasa leśna jako odnawialne źródło energii - konsekwencje dla leśnictwa
Forest biomass as a renewable energy source - consequences for forestry
Autorzy:
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
biomasa lesna
odnawialne zrodla energii
polityka energetyczna
gospodarka lesna
renewable energy sources
forest management
Opis:
The current provisions in the EU directive, applicable to the signatories of the document, assume reaching by 2020 a share of at least 20% of energy coming from renewable sources. The EU Parliament demands changes to the current directive on forest biomass and its contribution to the use of renewable energy. The Parliament considers it expedient to increase the amount of forest biomass obtained, including wood in various processing states, treating this solution as one of the active methods of replacing the energy derived from fossil fuels. The definition proposed by the EU Parliament states that countries and industrial plants in their areas can receive financial assistance and also be included in the group of energy users ‘from renewable sources’ if they obtain it from the combustion of wood, which will be collected only for this purpose. Such a case has led to the protest of over 750 scientists from around the world. In a letter sent from researchers to the EU, it was found that only harvested forest biomass coming exclusively from logging residues and wood waste, and not from wood intended for other use, should be taken into account for the purpose. Signatories of the letter warn that this change puts at risk both the global climate goals and maintaining the sustainability of the world’s forests. At the heart of the argument is the conviction of scientists that the defect of the directive is based on such a construction of regulations that will cause actions that cause expansive damage to forests in the world and accelerate the occurring climate change. The proposed solution is to limit the amount of forest biomass obtained only to the part that qualifies according to the directive, for logging residues and wood waste. The real danger, including concerning the stability of forests, is the possibility of overestimating the forest’s production capacity in supplying forest biomass. This claim is not an expression of academic caution. It is a real threat. The history of overestimation of forest potential is as long as the history of human development and in each case ended up with a total degradation of the forest and the lack of resources that forced migration of the population. This threat, both on a global scale and for our country, is high, first of all, because the implementation of energy policy assumptions, just like an agricultural policy, in each case leads to the direct growth of producers’ incomes. They are always higher, as are profits in other economic sectors, from revenue received from forest management. This income asymmetry may stimulate in our country, and in many countries of the world is already stimulating, changes in forest management leading to the reduction of forest biological diversity, as well as the growth of deforestation.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 688-695
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kilka odniesień teoretycznych do formułowanych zasad użytkowania lasu
Autorzy:
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka zrownowazona
gospodarka lesna
uzytkowanie lasu
lesnictwo
theory and principles of sustainable forest management
sustainable use of forest resources
Opis:
The paper provides the results of the analysis of the selected concepts of solutions aimed at developing the theoretical foundations of sustainable use of forest resources. On the basis of an overview of recent achievements in this area the author proposes a novel system of developing the principles of sustainable use of forest resources assuming that the principles of sustainable management are fully observed.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2004, 148, 05; 22-29
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geneza, cel i synteza wyników badań nad znaczeniem leśnictwa w rozwoju obszarów wiejskich
Autorzy:
Płotkowski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka zrownowazona
obszary wiejskie
rozwoj obszarow wiejskich
gospodarka lesna
lesnictwo
land use
sustainable forest management
rural development
forest products
non−market forest values
Opis:
This paper deals with the author's research results on the current situation and future prospects concerning the value of forestry in rural development presented in various reports and papers including columns of Sylwan. Forestry forms a substantial part of the rural economy. Wood ad other forest products and their processing secure a number of jobs in rural areas increasing socio−economic stability and development. Apart from the economic aspects, forestry has a lot of non−market values. It is necessary to analyse potential economic and social benefits of forestry to rural areas and their development of both market and nonmarket values and to include those benefits in rural conceptions.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2005, 149, 02; 60-72
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gospodarka leśna w warunkach skażenia radioaktywnego
Forest management under radioactive contamination
Autorzy:
Bojko, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gospodarka lesna
lasy
leśnictwo
skażenia radioaktywne
zagrożenia lasu
nuclear power plant
contamination
forest management
land reclamation
Chernobyl
Opis:
Nearly 3.5 million hectares of forest were contaminated by radioactive effluents from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Pinus sylvestris L. is the species most sensitive to radiation. Pine wood showed the lowest levels of potential 137Cs activity, while in assimilatory apparatus and bark such activity was highest. Among the non−wood products, mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants and venison that feature the highest ability to accumulate radioactive elements. Partial cuts ensure canopy closure of stands and reduce the vertical and horizontal radionucleide migration. Afforestation is one of the main land reclamation methods applied in contaminated areas. Mechanical planting with limited tending of plantations is used most often there. In cutting areas with a radioactivity level dangerous to carry out regeneration operations, natural regeneration is used exclusively.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 11; 30-39
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metodyczne założenia analizy ekonomicznej gospodarki leśnej w planowaniu urządzeniowym
Methodical assumptions to economic analysis in forest management planning
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
plan urzadzania lasu
gospodarka lesna
analiza ekonomiczna
metodyka
forest management plan
economic evaluation
economic efficiency
Opis:
The forest management plan is the basic document on which the functioning of the forest district in a ten−years−long perspective is based. To maximize the usage, the economic expertise of the forest district administration (EEN) utilises in the large part of the analyses data available in the Information System of the State Forests, which can be obtained at the forest district level. The EEN consists of three basic parts: the general characteristics of the forest district, analysis of the past economy and a prognostic analysis. To preserve the operational character of the information, the most important parameters set for the forest district should be compared with the values for selected forest districts from regional directorates of the State Forests. The quality of the prognostic part of EEN depends primarily on the correctness of the adopted indicators and set values in the part analysing the effects of the past economy. The significance of this part of the EEN means that it should contain the most important elements related to plannable economic events and the related economic consequences. The introductory part of the EEN should start with presenting the background, the period and the principles of forest district functioning. One should remember that this document is not only prepared for the forest environment, but also for the people not related to forestry. In the main part of the expertise the natural, organizational and economic conditions of the forest management implementation in the given forest district are presented in a synthetic form. The economic expertise of the forest district is an expert study. Its primary goal is to determine the economic consequences of the implementation of the forest management plan prepared based on a synthetic assessment of the results of the past economy, taking into account the current conditions in the medium−term planning. The economic expertise for the forest management plan may be an important tool in improving the functioning of forest district and planning at various levels of management. The data contained there also allow to follow the dynamics of economic phenomena in the organizational units of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2018, 162, 02; 91-100
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nietoperze jako wskaźniki stanu środowiska leśnego
Bats as indicators of the condition of the forest environment
Autorzy:
Rachwald, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
lasy
ekosystemy lesne
fauna
nietoperze
Chiroptera
bioindykatory
zanieczyszczenia srodowiska
bats
indicators
forest management
biodiversity
air pollutions
Opis:
The article overviews the role of bats in the forest ecosystem (especially the European forest), the impact of environmental pollution on the forest and bats, and the issue of bats indication of the forest environment condition. Existing data on the transfer of pollutants to the environment and between the aquatic and terrestrial environment are reviewed. The water environment is an important receiver of industrial pollution, which then transfer to the terrestrial environment i.a. through insect larvae. Bats as predators hunting for the insects, which undergo part of their life cycle in water (including Diptera: Chironomidae), play an important in this cycle. Another source of bats intoxication are terrestrial insects feeding on plants that transfer toxins that settle on the leaves surface further in the food chain. Bats as predators of the first or even second level store in such a case substances like heavy metals in their bodies. Air pollutants also have a direct impact on forest stands, causing (in zones of strong industrial pollution) the inhibition of tree growth. The result is, among other things, a smaller number of hollows, which in turn is manifested indirectly through weaker settlement by bats (and birds) of these stands. Bats communities inhabiting the forest depend on such factors as the availability of roosting places, the age struc− ture and spatial structure of the stands. All these features (as well as others related to them) are subject to modification through economic forestry, which causes changes in the bat communities. Ecological research of forest bats shows variability of settling of managed stands, as well as diversified species composition, especially smaller presence of typically forest bats connected ecologically with forests (e.g. western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus or lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri), in favor of bats preferring open spaces and built−up areas (serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus). This is probably the result of changes in the age and spatial structure of the stand. On the basis of the collected information, it was concluded that bats are a valuable indicator of the condition of the forest environment.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 228-236
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena metod i zasad gospodarowania w Lasach Państwowych w minionym dwudziestoleciu
Evaluation of the methods and principles of forest management in the State Forests in the past two decades
Autorzy:
Poznański, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
gospodarka lesna
gospodarka zrownowazona
lasy gospodarcze
lasy ochronne
uzytkowanie rebne
uzytkowanie przedrebne
wiek rebnosci
regulacja uzytkowania rebnego
rotation age
allowable cut
cut determination by silvicultural needs
forest management planning
location of cutting sites
ecological forest management
Opis:
The adopted rotation age and prescribed cut are found not to be fully respected at any stage of regulation, planning and implementation of cutting plans. As a result, timber, the main crop in forestry, is not uniform in terms of rotation age and fails the adopted criteria of crop maturity. Protective forests are not subject to management unless cut determination derives from silvicultural needs, without specifying the criteria for these needs. The level of cuts subjectively determined by quality control inspectors is not respected in forest management practice and should be recommended for use in the forests administered by the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 04; 298-305
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza porównawcza w średniookresowym planowaniu ekonomicznym w nadleśnictwie
Benchmarking in medium-term economic planning in the forest district
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
nadlesnictwa
gospodarka lesna
analiza ekonomiczna
analiza kosztow
analiza przychodow
analiza porownawcza
forest management plan
economic assessment
economic efficiency
benchmarking
Opis:
Planned forest management is carried out based on the forest management planning (PUL) operations prepared for a 10−year economic period. The economic expertise may omit a detailed organizational analysis of the company, as well as indications regarding the search for strategic solutions. The following study aims to present a method for analysing the economic consequences of forest management activities by the forest district in the context of selected forest districts. A new element, in relation to the content of the forest management plan, is the inclusion in the economic expertise (EEN) of the economic analysis of the forest district in the context of other forest districts (benchmarking). Due to the fact that economic data are sensitive data, information about the name of the forest district under analysis and comparator districts are not given in the publication. The most important management and economic indicators for the forest district should be presented against the background of the results of similar and extreme units in the Regional Directorate of the State Forests (RDSF) in the relation to the district inspected. It was assumed that the forest district, for which EEN will be developed, will be compared with the four forest districts of RDSF. Data and the scope of the EEN must provide the possibility of its updating in any period of validity of the PUL, especially in situations when phenomena occur that fundamentally change the planned scope, time, place and size of economic tasks. The forest district, analysed in the context of comparison units, should pay special attention to the proportions between the costs of the core activity, and thus the main part of the activity, and the administrative costs. Analysing the economic efficiency of forest management, apart from the quantitative dimension of obtaining timber, it is necessary to pay attention to the value dimension. Costs incurred by the superintendences for employment of employees constitute the main group of administrative costs. It should be incur in mind that the structure of costs and revenues in the superintendence depends largely on natural conditions. Irrespective of the specific character of the forest district, the main revenue group is revenue from the sales title acquired in the forest district. In turn, a significant group of costs are employment costs of employees and other administrative costs. Revenues do not depend only on the quantity of timber harvested and sold, but also on its quality and species. Administrative costs should be limited by adjusting them to tasks in the field of forest management, sales of timber and local specificity of the unit. The costs of forest management depend mainly on the conditions under which forest management is carried out.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 279-291
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ regulacji prawnych nowego pakietu dyrektyw koordynujących procedury udzielania zamówień publicznych na ochronę lasów w Polsce
Impact of the legal regulations from the new package of directives coordinating the procedures of public procurement granting on the forests protection in Poland
Autorzy:
Czech, E,K.
Niczyporuk, J.
Panasiuk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
ochrona srodowiska
ochrona lasu
zamowienia publiczne
regulacja prawna
dyrektywy unijne
forest management
environmental protection
sustainable development
public procurement
Opis:
Properly conducted forest management is one of the essential conditions for the forests protection. The state of the natural element in Poland is affected, in various scale, by a number of factors, including those causing the formation of unfavorable changes in the forests condition. In this study, we would like to focus on a group of anthropogenic factors, whose negative impact, in our opinion, can be limited by the well−managed green public procurement policy. The aim of this study is to show the legal possibilities offered by the new EC directives on public procurement in relation to the protection of legal good which are forests, in order to stimulate the national legislator to proper implementation of these provisions into national legal order. Contents provided in this study are based on analysis of the provisions of normative acts and views expressed in the science of law on the ground of considered issues. At the same time, the analysis conducted in such a way allowed us to obtain the following results and conclusions. First of all, the environment protection, including forests, is becoming an increasingly important part of any modern economic policy of the state. Emphasizing the achievement of environment protection aims, including forests, through public procurement, requires the activity of the state, in particular the activation of particular groups of public entities. Only a coherent and integrated policy for public procurement in the state, can give the desired results. From our point of view, the President of the Public Procurement Office has a crucial role in the creation of public procurement environmental policy. At the same time, with the existence of legislation enabling the use of public procurement to protect the environment, including forests, the entities granting public procurement often do not benefit from these opportunities. In our opinion, there is some kind of mental barrier of people responsible for public procurement procedures that focus on the current cost of purchase, not interested in further operating costs and any maintenance and repair. It is therefore advisable to add more attention and care in the preparation of specification of terms of procurement, in order to take into account possible criteria relating not only to the current cost of purchasing, but also including subsequent operating costs. To this the new legislation contained in Directive 2014/24 EC and Directive 2014/25 EC should significantly contribute.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 328-335
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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