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    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie regionu ITS1/2 rDNA i 18S rDNA do badania mykobioty gleby leśnej
    Use of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA in studies of the forest soil mycobiota
    Autorzy:
    Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
    Kwaśna, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gleby lesne
    mikroorganizmy glebowe
    grzyby glebowe
    struktura zbiorowisk
    metody badan
    metody molekularne
    DNA rybosomalny
    region ITS1/2
    region 18S
    detection
    forest
    its1/2 rdna
    ns1
    ns2
    18s rdna
    microorganisms
    mycobiota
    soil
    Opis:
    The aim of the studies was to check the usefulness of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA regions in the molecular investigation of forest soil microbiota structure. Soil studied, originated from a 1−year−old plantation and a 40−year old stand of Scots pine located in Bierzwnik and Międzychów forest districts located 200 km apart. The hypothesis assumed that both approaches lead to the discovery of abundant microbiota communities with different structures and with rare common species. The environmental DNA was extracted with a Power Soil ® DNA Isolation Kit from two soil samples in each site. The ITS1/2 rDNA was amplified with specific primers ITS1 and ewfitsrev 1, and 18S rDNA with universal primers NS1 and NS2. PCR products were cloned into pGEM−T Easy. Inserts were primarily selected in blue/white screening on a X−gal medium. Representative clones were further selected in two separate RFLP analyses with HhaI and BsuRI restriction enzymes. Representative clones purified and sequenced using the Sanger Method in the DNA Research Centre (Poznań). Each sequence was identified to the lowest taxonomic rank. Ninety to 233 clones with DNA of 5−44 taxa including 3−37 taxa of fungi were obtained from 4 samples of soil. After application of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA, the fungal DNA was detected respectively in 89,60−100,00% and 11,77−64,8% clones and the number of fungal species detected was respectively 12−37 and 3−19. Fungi were represented by four orders: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Both primers also amplified also DNA of other organisms (mostly from Animalia and Protista Kingdom) represented by 0−9 taxa. If compared, the application of forest soil microbiota structure with ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA led to detect a lower abundance of fungi and a bigger abundance of other organisms. Considering the higher number of clones and taxa recognized, the region of ITS1/2 rDNA was more effective in the studies of the soil microbiota structure. The region of 18S rDNA was efficient in local detection of Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota and of rare species of fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Despite the deficiency of NCBI database the use of the 18S rDNA region in studies on fungal community the region should be included in molecular studies of fungal diversity. It is concluded that studies on the biodiversity of soil microorganisms need the application of a few independent methods of detection and identification.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 07; 564-572
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ metodyki badań na ocenę struktury zbiorowisk mikroorganizmów w glebie leśnej
    Effect of the methodology of studies on the structure of the microorganisms communities in the forest soil
    Autorzy:
    Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
    Kwaśna, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989286.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gleby lesne
    mikroorganizmy glebowe
    grzyby mikroskopowe
    struktura zbiorowisk
    metodyka badan
    metody klasyczne
    metody molekularne
    startery NS1
    startery NS2
    DNA
    region 18S
    classical method of isolation
    fungi
    microorganisms
    ns1
    ns2
    18s rdna
    soil
    Opis:
    Two different communities of microorganisms were identified in soils by application of the classical method of fungi isolation (soil dilution, culturing on artificial media, morphotyping) and a molecular method (extraction of the environmental DNA, amplification with universal primers NS1 and NS2, cloning and sequencing of representative clones). No organisms were common to both communities. Apart from rare representatives of the Animalia, communities included single fungus−like Eucarya belonging to the Protista, Class Oomycota, and numerous fungi belonging to Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota orders. In total, 88 species were identified in four soil samples. Fungi were mostly Ascomycota. The classical method was particularly effective in detection of fungi important for creation of phytosanitary conditions of soil, i.e. antagonists (Penicillium, Tolypocladium and Trichoderma) and potential stimulants (dark−pigmented Hormiactis candida, Humicola spp. and Phialophora spp.) of phytopathogens (including the common forest genera Armillaria and Heterobasidion). Application of the classical method allowed the detection of mycorrhizal Ascomycota from the genus Oidiodendron. Application of the molecular method allowed the detection of 13 mycorrhizal Basidiomycota. Although primers NS1 and NS2 were designed from a match with DNA of culturable organisms, they also amplified the DNA of non−culturable organisms. This emphasizes their potential usefulness in studies of the biodiversity of microorganisms in environmental samples. The shortage of reference sequences in the database discourages use of the 18S rDNA region in studies on fungal communities. The studies on the biodiversity of microorganisms need the application of a few independent methods of detection and identification.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 492-503
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gatunki Phytophthora i Pythium w glebie i w korzeniach dębu szypułkowego na terenach popowodziowych w Nadleśnictwie Wołów
    Phytophthora and Pythium species in soils and in roots of the pedunculate oaks in periodically flooded areas in Wolow Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśna, H.
    Szewczyk, W.
    Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989782.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    tereny pokleskowe
    tereny popowodziowe
    drzewostany debowe
    drzewa lesne
    dab szypulkowy
    Quercus robur
    korzenie
    gleby lesne
    grzyby
    Phytophthora
    Phytium
    wystepowanie
    Nadlesnictwo Wolow
    pedunculate oak
    fungi
    globisporangium
    oomycota
    flood
    phytophthora
    pythium
    Opis:
    Phytophthora and Pythium species (Oomycota) are known to be serious pathogens of forest trees. Little is known, however, about their presence in Polish oak forests and their role in the oak decline, especially in the flooded areas. The aim of this study was (1) to detect and compare populations of microorganisms from Oomycota and fungi in roots and soil of healthy and declining pedunculate 30−126 years old oak stands, which had been flooded by the Odra River for three months in 1997 and one month in 2010, (2) to demonstrate the relationship between different chemical factors of soil and the occurrence of microorganisms, and (3) to assess the contribution of Oomycota to oak decline. Study was carried out in Wołów Forest District (south−western Poland). Microorganisms were isolated from fine (1−5 mm in diameter) roots and non−rhizosphere soil collected from 0−50 cm horizon. Isolation procedure from roots included surface sterilization and plating the root segments on the nutrient agar. An oak leaf baiting method was used for isolation of Oomycota from soil. Identification of microorganisms was based on morphology and sequencing of the ITS1/2 rDNA. Oomycota was represented by: Globisporangium, Phytophthora and Pythium and fungi mostly by: Aspergillus, Chaetosphaeria, Cylindrocarpon, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis. Globisporangium attrantheridium (syn. Pythium attrantheridium) occurred locally and was found in roots of only one flooded oak. This is the first record of this species on oak and in Poland. G. intermedium, P. gibbosa/P. gregata, P. plurivora and Pythium sp. were found in soil of flooded and non−flooded (control) oak stands. The organisms occurred in podzolized brown soils, brown alluvial soils and gley soils that had most nitrogen (21−60 mg/kg), various amounts of calcium (61.1−347.6 mg/100g) and moderate acidity (pH=3.85−4.2). There was often a significant association between exposure to flood and the health status of oak trees assessed by the scale of defoliation. Oomycota seemed to be only moderately associated with increased tree defoliation as a symptom of oak decline.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 07; 531-539
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oznaczanie biomasy grzybni w glebie metodą analizy zawartości ergosterolu
    Determination of fungal biomass in soil using ergosterol content analysis
    Autorzy:
    Szwajkowska-Michałek, L.
    Kwaśna, H.
    Perkowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gleby lesne
    grzyby glebowe
    biomasa
    oznaczanie
    zawartosc ergosterolu
    metody badan
    metody chemiczne
    ergosterol
    microbiological and chemical analysis of soil
    damping−off fungi
    Opis:
    The presence of microorganisms in the substrate is detected with increasing frequency using chemical methods. During the first 9 weeks ergosterol concentration in sterile or not sterile soil inoculated with one of the damping−off fungi reached 966 μg/g, while number of colony forming units (cfu) went up to 247×103 cfu/g. Ergosterol concentration was correlated with the size of the soil fungal community estimated in terms of the number of colony forming units in soil. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.700−0.946 for sterile and not sterile soil. Higher content of ergosterol was observed for F. sambucinum var. sambucinum, H. haematococca and T. cucumeris while higher average content of cfu was observed for H. haematococca and T. cucumeris.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2014, 158, 03; 203-211
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura zbiorowisk grzybów i bakterii w glebie 1-rocznej uprawy i 10-letniego młodnika w zależności od sposobu przygotowania gleby
    Structure of fungal and bacterial communities in 1-year and 10-year-old plantations of Scots pine after different pre-planting preparation of soil
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśna, H.
    Łakomy, P.
    Gornowicz, R.
    Mikiciński, A.
    Borowczyk-Behnke, J.
    Gałązka, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uprawy lesne
    uprawy sosnowe
    mlodniki sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    przygotowanie gleby
    gleby lesne
    aktywnosc biologiczna
    grzyby glebowe
    bakterie glebowe
    wystepowanie
    zbiorowiska bakterii
    zbiorowiska grzybow
    struktura zbiorowisk
    armillaria
    heterobasidion
    scots pine
    silvicultural techniques
    soil biological activity
    Opis:
    Effects of post−harvest wood−debris utilization and pre−planting soil preparation in clear−cut forest on the community structure of soil fungi and bacteria and their possible biological activity towards Armillaria and Heterobasidion were studied in 1− and 10−year−old Scots pine plantations in Bierzwnik and Międzychód Forest Districts (W Poland). Post−harvest wood−debris utilization included: (i) removal from the surface, (ii) spread of the coarse or chipped wood−debris on the surface and (iii) mixing of the chipped wood debris with the soil. Pre−planting soil preparation included: (i) deep furrowing, (ii) shallow turning of the topsoil, (iii) ridging and (iv) no ground preparation. The soil−dilution method was used for detection of fungi and bacteria in soil. Morphotyping was used for identification of fungi. Phenotypic traits and biochemical properties were used for identification of bacteria. Molecular method, MID−66 or BIOLOG® systems were additionally applied for identification of the most common bacteria. Removal of post−harvest wood−debris from the surface of the clear−cut land and shallow turning of the topsoil or ridging before planting increased abundance of fungi in soil of 1−year−old Scots pine plantation. Deep furrowing resulted in increased abundance of fungi and no ground preparation in increased abundance of bacteria in soil of 10−year−old Scots pine plantation. Increased abundance of fungi and bacteria was associated with increased abundance of taxa considered as antagonistic to Armillaria and Heterobasidion. Removal of the post−harvest wood debris and moderate or no mechanical intervention into the soil habitat on the clear−cut site before planting of Scots pine seedlings seems to create the habitat, which may be beneficial for the growth of young trees.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 01; 71-81
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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