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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29
Tytuł:
Features of the fossil record of evolution
Właściwosci kopalnego zapisu ewolucji
Autorzy:
Dzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20386.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
paleontology
fossil record
evolution
methodology
Opis:
Neither allopatric speciations nor extinctions of lineages are directly observable in the fossil record. This significantly reduces the value of inferred durations of taxa as a basis for studies on patterns of evolution. The ranges of taxa detected in rock strata are inevitably shorter than the real durations of lineages. Rates of evolution estimated by counting reported ranges of taxa therefore appear higher than they really were. Biometric studies of gradually evolving lineages indicate that the durations of ‘species’ (morphologies) were actually many times longer. Therefore, the ancestor-descendant relationships along monospecific lineages remain the most important subjects of study in evolutionary paleontology. A way, in which an ancestor-descendant hypothesis can be falsified, is presented.
Testowalność rekonstrukcji przebiegu ewolucji jest jednym z najważniejszych zagadnień paleontologii ewolucyjnej. Wiąże się bezpośrednio z fundamentalnym problemem, czy drzewo rodowe spełnia wymagania stawiane teoriom naukowym. Jego rozstrzygnięcie wymaga precyzyjnego i jednoznacznego sformułowania zasad tworzenia hipotez o powiązaniach ewolucyjnych. Nie wystarcza konstruowanie ich przy użyciu obciążonych subiektywizmem pojęć taksonu i pokrewieństwa krwi. Obiektywnie wyróżnialne są natomiast zespoły skamieniałości w obrębie prób paleontologicznych wykazujące ciągły i jednomodalny rozkład zmienności morfologicznej (odpowiadające neontologicznym fenonom Mayra), które obejmują na tyle krótki odcinek czasu geologicznego, że przemiany ewolucyjne nie deformują w nich rozkładu zmienności. Hipotezy o stosunku pokrewieństwa przodek-potomek dotyczące co najmniej dwu takich jednostek o różnym wieku geologicznym są możliwe do obalenia (sfalsyfikowania) na gruncie paleontologii.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 1991, 36, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fossil freshwater sponges: Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and critical review
Autorzy:
PRONZATO, ROBERTO
PISERA, ANDRZEJ
MANCONI, RENATA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
porifera
spongillida
fossil record
morphotraits
palaeobiogeography
Opis:
Sponges are one of the most ancient animal phyla with about 8850 living species and about 5000 described fossil taxa. Most sponges are marine and live at all depths of all oceans. Freshwater bodies (lakes, rivers) are inhabited only by a small minority of species, ca. 240 (< 3%) comprising the order Spongillida (Demospongiae) most of which are able to produce specialized resting bodies to survive harsh terrestrial environmental conditions. This highly disproportionate ratio of marine and freshwater sponges is even more accentuated in the field of palaeontology with rare records reported up to the Miocene (< 0.4% of all known fossil sponges). Only a few fossil taxa were correctly supported by strong and convincing taxonomic morphotraits at genus and species level, thus we provide here an overview of fossil freshwater sponges focusing on their morphotraits and distribution in time and space. Each recorded taxon is described in detail following the modern taxonomy and nomenclature. All fossil data suggest a clear trend of long term conservative morphology in the evolutionary history of Spongillida, although some traits of Recent gemmules evolved in a wide array of adaptive morpho-functional novelties. The majority of accepted fossil species belongs to the cosmopolitan family Spongillidae. The genera Oncosclera and Potamophloios of the family Potamolepidae seem to have had, in the past, a much larger geographic range than today. A synthesis of fossil taxa morphotraits is also provided in an Appendix 1.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2017, 62, 3; 468-495
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Echinoids as substrates for encrustation : review and quantitative analysis
Autorzy:
Borszcz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191302.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Echinoids
encrustation
Recent
fossil record
patterns
meta-analysis
review
Opis:
The existing literature, including records of both fossil and extant echinoid encrustation, is quantitatively analysed and reviewed. This shows that echinoid encrustation (number of encrusted echinoid taphocoenoses) has increased nearly continuously and dramatically to the present day, as confirmed by linear regression values of more than 85 per cent. It also demonstrates that current levels of echinoid fouling stabilised by the Miocene, while there has been a more or less continuous record of echinoid encrustation since the Late Cretaceous. Several increases have been identified since echinoid encrustation first noted occurrence from the Late Carboniferous. This trend is explained as the probable result of corresponding increases in productivity (richness, biomass, energetics, ecospace utilisation) and resources in the marine environment, including epibionts and their hosts. This conclusion matches other indicators, including the number and thickness of shell beds, bioerosion and predation intensity or biodiversity. The trajectory might have been altered to some degree by biases (e.g. selective recording, sampling effort, outcrop area, rock volume) in the same way as palaeobiodiversity estimates. Two recognised long-term gaps in echinoid encrustation (Upper Ordovician–Lower Carboniferous and Permian–Lower Cretaceous) are explained in part as bias and as biological and taphonomic signals. These gaps are caused mostly by the rapid disarticulation of Palaeozoic-type echinoids, the methodology applied here, and a lack of interest in the encrustation of Jurassic echinoids. Conversely, three short-term gaps in the Cenozoic are interpreted exclusively as bias. If correct, the present study demonstrates quantitatively the step-wise increase of productivity through time. It also suggests potential focus on further study, including the collection of new data from the field and pre-existing collections, as best for other encrustation proxies (e.g., percent of coverage by epibionts, ratio of encrusted to nonencrusted shells, taxa richness or numerical abundance of sclerobionts) in cases of large-scale analyses.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2012, 82, 2; 139--149
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The aperture and its closure in an Ordovician conulariid
Autorzy:
Sendino, C.
Zagorsek, K.
Vyhlasova, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
paleontology
Ordovician
conulariid
fossil group
marine organism
fossil record
Ediacaran
Opis:
The conulariids, an enigmatic fossil group believed to be of cnidarian (scyphozoan) affinity, have four−sided, acutely pyramidal exoskeletons terminated in apertural closures. To date, three main closure types have been recognised in conulariids (plicated, triangular lappets, and lobate lappets) but the first type is poorly illustrated in the literature. Here we present the first photographic illustration of an unequivocal plicated closure in Metaconularia? anomala, based on study of the rich (1700+ specimens) material from the Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin. This closure is formed by inwardly folded, triangular lappets centred on each of the four faces, with kite−shaped elements centred on the four corners forming a webbing between the lappets. Plicated closures were evidently rare in conulariids and restricted to a few Ordovician species.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A termite from the Late Oligocene of northern Ethiopia
Autorzy:
Engel, M.S.
Pan, A.D.
Jacobs, B.F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
termite
Late Oligocene
Ethiopia
Stolotermitidae
fossil record
geological setting
paleontology
Chilgatermes diamatensis
Opis:
Termites of the family Stolotermitidae are a relict lineage of primitive Isoptera. The fossil record of Stolotermitidae is exceptionally poor, with only two Miocene (Neogene) species documented to date. Herein, a new genus and species of Paleogene termites is described and figured from the Late Oligocene (28–27 Ma, Early Chattian) of northwestern Ethiopia (Amhara Region, Chilga Woreda). Chilgatermes diamatensis gen. et sp. nov., is most similar to genera of the Stolotermitidae, Archotermopsidae, and Termopsidae but can be distinguished on the basis of forewing venational details. The genus is tentatively placed in the Stolotermitidae: Porotermitinae. Chilgatermes diamatensis is the first fossil termite from Ethiopia and, indeed, the first from the entire African continent.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2013, 58, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genus-level versus species-level extinction rates
Autorzy:
Trammer, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/139152.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
extinction
rates
species
genera
fossil record
wygaśnięcie
ocena
gatunki
rodzaj
zapis kopalny
Opis:
The average extinction rates of index species per m. y. are computed by means of a count-of-biozones metric (Trammer 2014). These rates and the average extinction rates of genera belonging to biostratigraphically important groups, calculated according to three different methods, show congruent rises and falls from the Cambrian to the Neogene. The extinction rates of genera are, thus, a relatively good predictor of species extinction rates.
Źródło:
Acta Geologica Polonica; 2016, 66, 3; 261-265
0001-5709
Pojawia się w:
Acta Geologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary
Autorzy:
Geraads, D.
Didier, G.
Barr, W.A.
Reed, D.
Laurin, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Mammalia
Camelidae
phylogeny
divergence time
fossil record
birth-and-death models
Pleistocene
Africa
Opis:
A new compilation of the Old World fossil record of Camelidae and a recent phylogenetic analysis allow a new assessment of the timing of the clade’s diversification. Using a recent implementation of the fossilized birth-death process, we show that the divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary has a peak probability density around 1 Ma and probably occurred less than 2 million years ago. These dates are much younger than molecular estimates, which place the divergence between the dromedary and the Bactrian camel between 4 and 8 million years ago. Calibration problems in molecular dating seem to explain much of this difference.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2020, 65, 2; 251-260
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing confidence intervals for stratigraphic ranges of higher taxa: The case of Lissamphibia
Autorzy:
Marjanovic, D
Laurin, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20103.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
stratigraphic range
mass extinction
paleontology
biodiversity
amphibian
origination time
evolution
fossil record
Lissamphibia
Opis:
To evaluate stratigraphic evidence for the time of origin of the clade of extant amphibians (Lissamphibia), we attempt to establish a confidence interval on the lower bound of the stratigraphic range of this clade. This is based on the stratigraphic distribution of 1207 fossiliferous localities that have yielded lissamphibians, the relative area of sedimentary rocks from various periods (upper Paleozoic to present) exposed on the continents, and ten exponential−growth models of lissamphibian diversity that differ by the assumed effects of three major biological crises and the assumed starting times of lissamphibian diversification. The results suggest a more recent origin of Lissamphibia than advocated in most recent molecular studies. They are also more compatible with monophyly than with polyphyly of the extant amphibians, but heavily depend on poorly constrained assumptions about lissamphibian extinction rates during biological crises. Counts of lissamphibian diversity through time that consider ghost lineages and stage durations show moderate declines across the Cretaceous–Paleogene and Oligocene–Miocene boundaries.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2008, 53, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The oldest fossil record of the extant penguin genus Spheniscus - a new species from the Miocene of Peru
Autorzy:
Gohlich, U B
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
penguin
fossil record
Peru
Miocene
Spheniscidae
new species
Pisco Formation
Spheniscus muizoni
paleontology
Opis:
Described here is a partial postcranial skeleton and additional disarticulated but associated bones of the new fossil penguin Spheniscus muizonisp. nov. from the latest middle/earliest late Miocene (11–13 Ma) locality of Cerro la Bruja in the Pisco Formation, Peru. This fossil species can be attributed to the extant genus Spheniscus by postcranial morphology and is the oldest known record of this genus. Spheniscus muizonisp. nov. is about the size of the extant Jackass and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus demersus and Spheniscus magellanicus). Beside Spheniscus urbinai and Spheniscus megaramphus it is the third species of Spheniscus represented in the Pisco Formation. This study contains morphological comparisons with Tertiary penguins of South America and with most of the extant penguin species.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A pliosaurid plesiosaurian from the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation of Italy
Autorzy:
Cau, A.
Fanti, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Reptilia
paleontology
fossil record
Plesiosauria
paleobiogeography
pliosaurid plesiosaurian
Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation Italy
Opis:
Plesiosauria is a clade of medium to large bodied marine reptiles with a cosmopolitan distribution ranging from the latest Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous. In Europe, the fossil record of Plesiosauria is mainly known from the Northern latitudes, whereas it is much rarer from the Southern and Mediterranean areas. Here, we report the first articulated skeleton of an Italian plesiosaurian, from the Callovian–Oxfordian deposits of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation of Kaberlaba (Veneto). The specimen is referred to Pliosauridae based on the large size of the skull, compared to the appendicular skeleton, the presence of the lacrimal, and a distinct anterolateral projection of the prefrontal into the orbital margin. Mandibular and vertebral symplesiomorphies support the placement of the Italian taxon among the “gracile-longirostrine grade” of basal pliosaurids. The Kaberlaba plesiosaurian represents the second reptile clade recovered from the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation, after Thalattosuchia.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2014, 59, 3; 643-650
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New occurrence of the Ordovician eocrinoid cardiocystites: Palaeogeographical and palaeoecological implications
Autorzy:
Nardin, E
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
occurrence
Morocco
taxonomy
paleobiogeography
Cardiocystites
fossil record
Gondwana
Blastozoa
Ordovician
eocrinoid
paleoecology
Eocrinoidea
paleontology
Opis:
Flattened eocrinoids are very rare in the fossil record, notably because of their fragility. Recent investigations in the Anti−Atlas (Morocco) have provided one of the oldest known specimens of Cardiocystites from the Upper Ordovician (early–middle Sandbian). This discovery increases the number of eocrinoid genera known in Morocco. This new material is the fifth published specimen of the genus Cardiocystites. It is well preserved, thus allowing morphological details, such as the location of the anal pyramid and the plane of thecal flattening, to be observed. Palaeoecological reconstruction can be deduced or confirmed from these new details. The respiration of Cardiocystites now seems due to the combination of both epidermal gaseous exchange and cloacal pumping. Stem length and synostosial articulation indicate that the stem might have been used as a mooring line allowing the theca to float in the currents. The flattening of the Cardiocystites theca seems to be an adaptation to high energy hydrodynamic conditions and cold waters. Occurrences of Cardiocystites bohemicusin Morocco, in the early–middle Sandbian, and in Bohemia, in the early Katian, indicate that the genus probably originated in the west Gondwanan margin. Migration could explain the occurrence of Cardiocystites in this area and also in Avalonia in the late Sandbian. The global sea−level rise and the presence of cool water circulation from west Gondwana to Avalonia and Laurentia in the early Sandbian favour such a hypothesis.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Differential preservation of the Upper Cretaceous ammonoid Anagaudryceras limatum with corrugated shell in Central Hokkaido, Japan
Autorzy:
Wani, R
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Hokkaido
fossil record
Japan
Ammonoidea
Cretaceous
Upper Cretaceous
paleoecology
Anagaudryceras limatum
corrugation
paleontology
ammonoid
Opis:
The taphonomy of the Upper Cretaceous ammonite Anagaudryceras limatum differs from associated ammonites in the same horizon. This differential taphonomy is reconstructed based on fragmentation patterns and structural property of the corrugated shells of their body chamber parts. The characteristic preservation of isolated body chamber parts with corrugations is commonly observed in A. limatum from the upper Turonian of the Oyubari area, central Hokkaido, Japan. This preservation probably results from the differential internal structural properties of the hollow body chamber and septated phragmocone as well as the peculiar corrugation on body chamber of the present species: (1) fracturing along the corrugations against bending force is easier than flat material, because of the concentration of force on the tops or bottoms of corrugations, and (2) high durability against compressive forces. The separated body chamber parts were resistant to being squashed and broke into pieces due to the durability of corrugations against compressive force. The statistic test on the fossil assemblage suggests that selective destruction did not affect the fidelity of species composition and relative abundance of the studied fossil assemblage. Molluscan death assemblages in marine systems consistently show strong fidelity to relative abundances in the live community, suggesting that there was an Anagaudryceras−dominant ammonoid community during the late Turonian in the Oyubari area.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids
Autorzy:
Hone, D.W.E.
Watabe, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
paleontology
new information
scavenging
feeding behaviour
tyrannosaurid
Dinosauria
Theropoda
Tarbosaurus
paleoecology
carnivore
predation
fossil record
Opis:
Feeding traces for carnivorous theropod dinosaurs are typically rare but can provide important evidence of prey choice and mode of feeding. Here we report a humerus of the hadrosaurine Saurolophus which was heavily damaged from feeding attributed to the giant tyrannosaurine Tarbosaurus. The bone shows multiple bites made in three distinctive styles termed “punctures”, “drag marks” and “bite−and−drag marks”. The distribution of these bites suggest that the animal was actively selecting which biting style to use based on which part of the bone was being engaged. The lack of damage to the rest of the otherwise complete and articulated hadrosaur strongly implies that this was a scavenging event, the first reported for a tyrannosaurid, and not feeding at a kill site.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new genus of eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia
Autorzy:
Averianov, A O
Skutschas, P.P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
eutherian mammal
fossil record
Early Cretaceous
history
Transbaikalia
mammal
Cretaceous
Russia
new genus
Prokennalestes abramovi
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2001, 46, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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