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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Effect of mineral matter content on specific density of forest biomass
    Wpływ zawartości substancji mineralnych na gęstość właściwą biomasy pochodzenia leśnego
    Autorzy:
    Nurek, T.
    Roman, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56423.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    mineral content
    forest biomass
    biomass
    specific density
    ash content
    Źródło:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture; 2014, 64 Agric.Forest Eng.
    0208-5712
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimating forest biomass by remote sensing RADAR data in Brazil
    Autorzy:
    Santos, J.R.
    Gama, F.F.
    da Conceicao Bispo, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52438.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    forest biomass
    biomass modelling
    forest inventory
    tropical forest
    remote sensing
    eucalyptus tree
    stand
    RADAR data
    Brazil
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of wood chippings fractions utilized for energy purposes
    Analiza składu frakcyjnego zrębków leśnych przeznaczonych na cele energetyczne
    Autorzy:
    Gendek, A.
    Zychowicz, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950818.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    forest biomass
    biomass
    biofuel
    energy
    wood chipping
    fraction
    energy purpose
    bundle
    Opis:
    The realized research was aimed at determining the water content, size and fractions of wood chippings obtained using different technologies. Average absolute water content of the tested wood chippings was between 43-90% and may serve as a basis for financial settlements between the suppliers and the power companies. The obtained fraction distribution results enable conclusion that regardless of the material type the largest fraction is the one with particles of 6-32 mm. The best quality of wood chippings are obtained from round wood and they meet the requirements of the PN-91/D-95009 norm for fuel wood chips. The chippings produced in woodland areas from forest cutting refuse do not meet the above-mentioned requirements and contain about 30% of contaminants and trees remaining in the forest cutting area after clearing with thin branches with needles. In order to achieve better composition, wood chip-pings from forest clearing waste should be mixed in appropriate proportion with wood chippings from cutting round wood.
    Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wilgotności, wielkości i rozkładu frakcji zrębków leśnych pozyskiwanych w różnych technologiach z przeznaczeniem do produkcji energii w dużych zakładach energetycznych. Zrębki produkowane były zarówno z drewna okrągłego, jak i pozostałości zrębowych różnych gatunków drzew leśnych. Zrębkowanie prowadzono rębarką mobilną bezpośrednio na powierzchni leśnej oraz rębarką stacjonarną na placu u producenta. Otrzymane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że niezależnie od rodzaju materiału największy udział ma frakcja wielkości cząstek w zakresie 6-32 mm. Najlepsze jakościowo zrębki otrzymuje się z drewna okrągłego, które spełniają wymagania norm na zrębki opałowe. Zrębki wytwarzane na powierzchni leśnej z pozostałości zrębowych nie spełniają wymagań PN-91/D-95009 i zawierają około 30% udział zanieczyszczeń i niedorębów z cienkich gałązek z igliwiem. Średnia wilgotność bezwzględna badanych zrębków zawierała się w przedziale 43-90% i jest związana z rodzajem sortymentów z których powstają zrębki. Wysoki stopień wilgotności zrębków będzie wpływał na ciepło spalania i wartość opałową, które to wielkości mogą być podstawą do rozliczeń między dostawcą a zakładem energetycznym.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture; 2015, 65 Agric.Forest Eng.
    0208-5712
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimates and forecasts of forest biomass and carbon sequestration in North America and Australia: a forty-five year quest
    Autorzy:
    Botkin, D.B.
    Ngugi, M.R.
    Doley, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52742.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    estimation
    forecast
    forest biomass
    forest modelling
    forest inventory
    biomass inventory
    model validation
    carbon sequestration
    North America
    Australia
    Opis:
    A half-century of forest inventory research involving statistically-valid fieldmeasurements (using statistically representative sample size and showing confidence limits) and well-validated forecasting methods are reviewed in this paper. Some current procedures overestimate global and large-scale forest biomass, carbonstorage, and carbon sequestering rates because they are based on statistically-invalid methods (errors in estimates are unavailable and unreported), or they fail to consider key dynamic characteristics of forests. It is sometimes assumed that old-growth forests can serve as fixed, steady-state storage of biomass and carbon for indefinitely long periods, but it is shown by both modelling and remote sensing that forests are dynamic systems, the state of which can change considerably over as shorta time as a decade. Forecasting methods show that maximum biomass and carbon storage in some important forest types occurs in mid-succession, not in old-growth. It is proposed, therefore, that realistic biomass and carbon storage estimates used for carbon credits and offsets be determined as the statistical mean minus the confidence interval and that practical carbon sequestering programs include specific timeframes, not indefinitely long periods of time.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Forest biomass for bioenergy: opportunities and constraints for good governance. A case study from Italy
    Autorzy:
    Maesano, M.
    Drigo, R.
    Lasserre, B.
    Chirici, G.
    Marchetti, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52297.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    forest biomass
    bioenergy
    biomass estimation
    climate change
    greenhouse gas
    governance
    WISDOM methodology
    Italy
    Opis:
    Interest in the use of biomass for energy has increased significantly in the last few years. The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights the influence mankind has had on the climate: an unprecedented increase in GHG levels in the last 800,000 years and a rise of 40% in CO2 concentrations since pre-industrial times. The challenge now is to find energy alternatives, and in this context, one important option is bioenergy, one of the most important energy sourcesof the future. In light of this, the goal of this paper was to assess the sustainable potential of woodfuel resources in Italy using WISDOM methodology. WISDOM, developed by the FAO, has been applied in many countries around the world. From this study, at national level, household consumption was at 19.3 Mt in 2003 (averagevalue), while the potential supply of woody biomass (productivity) was 24.9 Mt(average value), with a surplus of almost 6 million tons between household consumption and productivity. This study represents an advance in knowledge of the biomass potential for energy use in Italy, and, as such, is subject to possible future improvement. Forest bioenergy development creates good opportunities to mobilize the production potential of European forests, and to contribute to a more climate-friendly, bio-based economy.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2014, 57, 192
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział oraz dokładność szacowania pozostałości zrębowych w ogólnej masie pozyskanego drewna
    Share and accuracy of estimation of logging residues in the total volume of harvested timber
    Autorzy:
    Gendek, A.
    Wężyk, P.
    Moskalik, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    miazszosc
    biomasa drzewna
    szacowanie biomasy
    timber harvesting
    forest biomass
    logging residues
    estimation
    Opis:
    Due to the observed impacts of climate change on the natural environment, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing, especially in the last decades. One of the possibilities in this respect is the use of forest biomass, especially that one which comes from logging residues. This type of wood raw material is obtained primarily in mature forests and during late thinnings. Estimation of the expected volume of logging residues from a particular cutting site is currently carried out in the State Forests, National Forest Holding with an accuracy oscillating at an acceptable level of ±40%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the share of logging residues in the total volume of the harvested biomass and to determine the difference and error between the estimated volume to be sold and actually harvested. The research was carried out at the 164 logging sites located in 10 forest districts of north−eastern part of Poland. The average volume of logging residues was 37.7 ±14.4 m3/ha, and the average error of their estimation was –6.1%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 679-687
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bilans energetyczny oraz czasochłonność wybranych elementów w łańcuchu technologicznym pozyskiwania biomasy leśnej
    Energy balance and time-consumption of selected components in technological chain of forest biomass harvesting
    Autorzy:
    Gałęzia, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991700.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    biomasa lesna
    zrebki drzewne
    pozyskiwanie biomasy
    transport
    lancuch technologiczny
    bilans energetyczny
    czasochlonnosc
    forest biomass
    chips
    energy
    Opis:
    The purpose of the research performed in the Augustowska Primeval Forest (NE Poland) was to estimate the energy spent on preparation and transportation of energetic biomass in form of chips made of final felling residues and comparing it with an energetic output received at the power plant in nearby Białystok. Data was collected in form of working's day activity study on 18 clear−cut areas during 67 hours of research. Research proved that currently used methods of harvesting, processing and transportation of forest biomass in form of chips are highly efficient from point of view of energy balance. However, this efficiency can even be raised by localizing of felling sites closer to the power plant. In such case, energy spent on chipping would probably be the most significant input.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 06; 419-424
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ technologii pozyskania i składu zrębków leśnych na ich wartość opałową i zawartość popiołu
    Effect of harvest method and composition of wood chips on their caloric value and ash content
    Autorzy:
    Gendek, A.
    Malatak, J.
    Velebil, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986640.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    biomasa lesna
    zrebki drzewne
    pozyskiwanie biomasy
    skladowanie
    wartosc opalowa
    zawartosc popiolu
    forest biomass
    forest residues
    composition of chips
    share of ash
    forest chips
    Opis:
    Wood chips composition and abundance of the impurities affecting the ash content are parameter of the chips quality that is important for the power plants. These parameters may be used as criteria in settlements between the supplier and the chipmaker. The determination of calorific value, ash content and share of individual elements in forest chips was undertaken. The wood chips obtained from the fragmentation of sawmill wastes and forest trees residues with various species compositions (Scots pine, multi−species and bundled Norway spruce residues) were investigated. The linear relationship between the ash content and the calorific value of the chips was determined. In all cases, the largest share (over 87%) in the composition of forest chips is assigned to the clean timber and wood particles with bark. The share of mineral impurities is within the range of 0.6−1.6%. The ash content in wood particles ranges 1.04−3.94% and is close to the values reported in the literature. In terms of ash content, the chips produced from bundled coniferous residues were the worst. The obtained results indicate that the best technology for obtaining high calorific value of dry wood chips (17.89−18.11 MJ/kg) with a low proportion of ash is the chipping of wood residues collected directly from the forest surface or from previously prepared piles. The least advantageous technology is the bundling of residues and their storage for several months (16.29 MJ/kg).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 03; 248-257
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mixed biomass as an alternative energy fuel
    Mieszanki biomasowe jako alternatywne paliwo energetyczne
    Autorzy:
    Purgał, P.
    Pasternak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401988.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
    Tematy:
    forest biomass
    pomace fruit
    vegetable waste
    testing combustion heat
    moisture study
    biomasa leśna
    wytłoki owocowe
    odpady warzywne
    badanie ciepła spalania
    badanie wilgotności
    Opis:
    The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is applicable in the production of electricity and heat. The main fuel is wood in the form of fragmented wood, edgings, whirlpools, wood chips, sawdust, briquettes and pellets. This publication refers to the use of waste processing aspect of the food industry, as well as ready biofuel component in mixtures with sawdust. Tests of moisture content in analytical aspect of combustion heat were conducted. Analysis of the results shows that the energy potential of waste plant is possible to use in the combustion process, thus reducing wood consumption in the power generation sector.
    Źródło:
    Structure and Environment; 2016, 8, 4; 266-272
    2081-1500
    Pojawia się w:
    Structure and Environment
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grzyby ektomykoryzowe w obiegu węgla w ekosystemach leśnych
    Ectomycorrhizal fungi and carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems
    Autorzy:
    Kałucka, I.
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    ekosystemy lesne
    obieg wegla
    materia organiczna
    gleby
    grzyby ektomikoryzowe
    biomasa lesna
    carbon sequestration
    carbon flux
    organic matter
    soil carbon
    npp
    ecm fungi
    mycorrhiza
    forest biomass
    Opis:
    In boreal and temperate forests fungi play a particularly important role, since most trees form a symbiotic relationship with many species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, providing them with assimilates in exchange for minerals. Mycorrhiza is considered one of the most significant factors affecting functioning of forest ecosystems, and in particular the processes of carbon cycling and storage. ECM fungi are involved both directly through carbon accumulation in the mycelial system, and indirectly through their influence on tree biomass production and organic matter decomposition. The amount of carbon transferred to ECM fungi usually varies from 10 to 25 or even 50% of the host's net photosynthesis, thus they are a group of organisms that significantly affect carbon flow into the soil. Most of that carbon is built into the mycelial system and its structures (fungal parts of ECM roots, extramatrical hyphae and rhizomorphs, sporocarps, etc.). Carbon allocation to the underground part of trees, and thus to ECM roots, changes with stand age and stand development phase. The biomass of active ECM roots and mycelium usually reaches its maximum in young stands, in the canopy closure phase; frequently, this is also true for the standing biomass of fruit bodies. A large share of ECM sporocarps in the forest carbon budget and high levels of ECM vegetative mycelium respiration are considered to be among the main pathways for the release of CO&sub2. from forest soil, indicating a significant role of ECM fungi in fast carbon flow via forest ecosystems. On the other hand, dead ECM fine roots and extramatrical mycelia are a very rich and important pool of sequestered carbon in the soil.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 11; 817-830
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane technologiczne i ekonomiczne aspekty balotowania pozostałości pozrębowych
    Some technological and economic aspects of logging residues bundling
    Autorzy:
    Moskalik, T.
    Sadowski, J.
    Zastocki, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    biomasa lesna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    balotowanie odpadow
    aspekty technologiczne
    aspekty ekonomiczne
    produkcja balotow
    koszty produkcji
    wydajnosc pracy
    bundling
    slash
    forest biomass
    renewable energy
    work and cost−efficiency
    Opis:
    As the access to the fossil fuels is limited, renewable energy sources have been especially intensively promoted in recent years, namely biomass. A comparatively large amount of biomass can be obtained from forests. This refers to round wood characterized by low technical quality, small−sized wood, and logging residues. Under Polish conditions, the potential amount of logging residues is estimated at 3−5 Mio. m³ per year, depending on different scenarios of their ulitization. Intense development of technologies for energy acquisition from the forest biomass has provided conditions facilitating the use of logging residues on an industrial scale. One of the possible solutions is bundling. In this process slash is compacted into cylindrical log−like units with diameter of ca. 65−75 cm and length of 2.5−3.0 m. The bundles can be forwarded to the roadside landing with standard forwarders and transported to the terminal or end−user with trucks utilized, first of all, by a round wood hauling. The John Deere slash bundler 1490D was the subject of the study. The basic unit of the bundling device was an eight−wheel forwarder. The study area was located in north−eastern Poland and comprised 10 selected plots. They represent coniferous stands, dominated by Scots pine with various fraction of Norway spruce and scattered birches. The aim of the paper was to estimate the basic technological and economic parameters of the bundling machine, working in clear cuts with two variants of logging residues concentration. In the first variant they were not especially accumulated, evenly distributed over the area. In the other one they were gathered into piles. The structure of a working day, work productivity rates, and the costs were determined. The bundler productivity rate depends largely on the extent the slash is prepared. When it is concentrated in piles, the machine does not have to travel over the entire work area to gather scattered material. In this case, the average productivity was 21.85 bundles/h. In the variant with scattered logging residues, work efficiency equaled 15.19 bundles/h. The hourly cost of the bundler use reached 289.42 PLN. The unit costs were at the level of 52.91 PLN/m³ (variant 1) and 38.54 PLN/m³ (variant 2).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 01; 31-39
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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