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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Prywatna opinia biegłego na tle pozycji konsultanta technicznego strony we włoskim procesie karnym
    Private Expert Opinion on Background of Technical Consultant’s Position in the Italian Criminal Proceedings
    Autorzy:
    Smarzewski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518575.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
    Tematy:
    evidence
    expert
    technical consultant
    expert opinion
    private expert opinion
    Opis:
    The paper considers issues referring to the institution of private expert opinion in criminal proceedings in the context of the possibility of its evidentiary use in it. The author paid attention to the objectively negligible value of the analyzed evidence, which is closely related with its kind of detachment from the source from which it comes, including limited possibilities to verify such evidence. Authors of private expert opinions do not formally participate in the proceedings. For these reasons, the article presents the institution of the technical consultant of the party functioning on the basis of the Italian criminal procedure, arguing that the introduction of such an entity to the category of participants of the Polish criminal process could be a remedy for problems and controversies related to the participation of experts supporting the parties. By this, parties and their representatives could have more realistic impact on the content of the findings in terms of circumstances, the settlement of which requires special knowledge.
    Źródło:
    Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 1 (57); 58-71
    2081-688X
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pozaprocesowy kontakt obrońcy ze świadkiem w procesie karnym
    Autorzy:
    Fingas, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1393463.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    criminal procedure
    counsel for the defence
    evidence collection
    private
    evidence
    private investigation
    proces karny
    obrońca
    gromadzenie dowodów
    dowody prywatne
    prywatne śledztwo
    Opis:
    Podjęta w artykule problematyka dotyczy dopuszczalności oraz zasad pozaprocesowego kontaktu obrońcy ze świadkami. Przeprowadzone wywody koncentrują się na wykazaniu pełnej dopuszczalności kontaktu z potencjalnym świadkiem, utrwalenia przez obrońcę uzyskanych w ten sposób informacji oraz przedstawiają w sposób węzłowy kwestie możliwości późniejszego wykorzystania ich w procesie karnym, przy uwzględnieniu zmian normatywnych, które weszły w życie z dniem 1 lipca 2015 r.
    The issues discussed in the article concern admissibility and rules of non-procedural contact of counsel for the defence with witnesses. Taking into account the normative changes that entered into force on 1 July 2015, the analyses concentrate on proving complete admissibility of counsel’s for the defence contacts with potential witnesses, recording information obtained this way and presenting it later in the criminal proceeding before court.
    Źródło:
    Ius Novum; 2015, 9, 4; 48-65
    1897-5577
    Pojawia się w:
    Ius Novum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Private Enforcement of Competition Law – the Case of Estonia
    Autorzy:
    Sein, Karin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530240.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage claim
    collective redress
    Estonia
    evidence
    private enforcement of competition law
    public enforcement of competition law
    Opis:
    Jurisprudence on private enforcement of competition law has so far been almost non-existent in Estonia. Most cases where competition law issues are raised within the context of damage claims are solved by out-of-court settlements. One of the main reasons for this scarcity is the fact that this is a fairly unfamiliar field for Estonian lawyers, attorneys and judges. The first reason for the low number of private enforcement of competition law cases in Estonia is therefore lacking awareness and legal uncertainty. The other key barrier lies in burden of proof issues associated with damage claims. It has proven very difficult in practice for an injured person to prove that he/she sustained damages as a result of a competition law infringement; even more so to prove the actual extent of such damages. There is no juridical practice yet on how to calculate business losses and judges face considerable difficulties when confronted with this task. Another problem lies in the availability of evidence. As discovery is not possible in Estonia, its civil procedure rules make it difficult for claimants to obtain evidence necessary to prove the facts underlying their claims. Estonian law does not provide for a special procedure for antitrust damage claims – there are no collective claims, no class actions, nor actions by representative bodies or other forms of public interest litigation (no collective redress). It is thus only possible to file damage claims arising from competition law infringements either in normal civil proceedings or as a civil claim within the framework of criminal proceedings on a competition law crime. The need for collective redress has not yet been subject to a legal debate at the national level, and there has not been a single private enforcement case opened by a consumer in Estonia so far. The only Supreme Court case in existence in this field, which was decided in 2011, has cleared the basis and availability of damage claims for competition law infringement. It has shown, at the same time, the many problems connected to calculating damages in this context.
    La jurisprudence relative à l’application privée du droit de la concurrence a été jusqu’à présent presque absente en Estonie. La plupart des cas où les questions de droit de la concurence sont soulevées dans le cadre de demandes d’indemnisation, sont résolus par des règlements à l’amiable. L’une des raisons principales de cette pénurie est le fait que c’est un domaine assez inconnu pour les avocats, les procureurs et les juges estoniens. La première raison pour le faible nombre de cas de l’application privée du droit de la concurrence en Estonie est donc la manque de conscience et l’incertitude juridique. L’autre obstacle majeur réside dans des questions relatives à la charge de preuve liées à des demandes d ‘indemnisation. Il s’est avéré très difficile en pratique pour une personne blessée à prouver qu’il/elle a subi des dommages à la suite d’une infraction au droit de la concurrence ; plus encore à prouver l’étendue exacte de tels dommages. Il n’existe pas encore de pratique juridique sur la façon de calculer les pertes commerciales. Alors les juges font face à des difficultés considérables lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à cette tâche. Un autre problème réside dans la disponibilité de la preuve. A cause du fait que la découverte n’est pas possible en Estonie, ses règles de procédure civile rendent l’obtention des preuves nécessaires pour soutenir les faits qui prouvent des revendications soumis par des demandeurs difficile. La législation estonienne ne prévoit pas de procédure spéciale pour les demandes de dommages antitrust – il n’y a pas de revendications collectives, aucune action de classe, ni des measures prises par les organes représentatifs ou d’autres formes de litiges d’intérêt public (pas de resours collectif). Il n’est donc possible que de déposer des demandes d’indemnsation en cas d’infraction au droit de la concurrence soit dans les procédures civiles normales, soit comme une action civile dans le cadre d’une procédure pénale sur un crime de droit de la concurrence. La nécessité de recours collectif n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’un débat juridique au niveau national, et il n’a pas eu en Estonie un seul cas de l’application privée ouverte par un consommateur jusqu’à présent. Le seul cas qui a été présenté à la Cour suprême en ce domaine (le jugement a été prononcé en 2011), a autorisé la base et la disponibilité des demandes d’indemnisation pour violation du droit de la concurrence. Il a présenté en même temps les problèmes nombreux reliés à la calculation des dommages dans ce contexte-là.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 129-139
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Disclosure of Evidence in Central and Eastern European Countries in Light of the Implementation of the Damages Directive
    Autorzy:
    Druviete, Inese
    Jerņeva, Jūlija
    Ulaganathan Ravindran, Aravamudhan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private antitrust enforcement
    implementation
    Damages Directive
    evidence
    Opis:
    The article looks primarily at the material comprised in the volume edited by A. Piszcz, Implementation of the EU Damages Directive in Central and Eastern European Countries published in 2017 and based on that compares aspects of the disclosure of evidence issue in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The purpose of this article is to look into how the process for the disclosure of evidence has evolved in eleven countries of the European Union in light of Directive 2014/104/EU. The article looks at six key issues with regard to disclosure of evidence in light of Directive 2014/104/EU: general procedural issues; procedure for the submission of evidence; criteria for the disclosure of evidence; restrictions on the disclosure of evidence; disclosure of evidence by parties other than the defendant; and consequences of the failure to comply with a request to submit evidence. The article relies on primary data from eleven EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 197-222
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Slovenia: A New Field to Be Developed by Slovenian Courts
    Autorzy:
    Brkan, Maja
    Bratina, Tanja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529970.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    collective redress
    evidence
    nullity
    private enforcement of competition law
    public enforcement of competition law
    Slovenia
    Opis:
    This contribution aims to demonstrate the legal framework that can shape and influence private enforcement in Slovenia. This includes, in particular, conditions for damage claims, collective redress mechanisms, legal costs and fees as well as discovery and burden of proof. It is shown which legislative changes may be needed in order to improve the effectiveness of private enforcement and the practical obstacles that will have to be overcome in the future. Furthermore, the article analyses the jurisprudence of Slovenian courts concerning private enforcement. Although there was practically no jurisprudence in this area only a few years ago, Slovenian courts have now ruled on a few such cases already. The number of private enforcement proceedings will most likely increase in the future. Therefore, it can be stated that private enforcement of competition law is an area that is slowly, but steadily, gaining importance in the Slovenian legal system.
    La présente contribution vise à démontrer le cadre juridique susceptible de former et d’influencer la mise en œuvre des règles de concurrence de l'UE à l'initiative de la sphère privée (« private enforcement ») en Slovénie. Les conditions pour des recours en dommages et intérêts, des mécanismes des recours collectifs, des règles sur des dépens ainsi que la divulgation des preuves et la charge de la preuve y sont analysés. La contribution démontre quelles modifications législatives seraient nécessaires et quelles obstacles pratiques devront être surmontés à l’avenir afin d’améliorer l’effectivité de ce type de mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence. La jurisprudence des juridictions Slovènes dans ce domaine y est également analysée. Même si cette jurisprudence a été pratiquement inexistante il y a quelques années, les juridictions Slovènes ont, jusqu’à présent, rendu déjà quelques arrêts dans ce domaine et il est à attendre que le nombre de ce type d’affaires accroîtra dans le futur. Ainsi, il est possible de constater que l’importance de ce type de mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence augmentera lentement mais sûrement dans l’ordre juridique slovène.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 75-106
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dowód z „opinii prywatnej” w świetle procedury cywilnej oraz karnej
    Autorzy:
    Jagiełło, Dariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216241.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Proficient
    private opinion
    judicial proceeding
    evidence
    Biegły
    opinia prywatna
    postępowanie sądowe
    dowód
    Opis:
    Introduction to the process of evidence obtained by the participants in the proceedings issue is very important. Recognising them as evidence in the process does not raise doubts in principle, but their analysis is very difficult. There are no requirements as to their contents, as well as the author.Therefore, it is important juxtaposition of the two thus obtained evidence on the basis of criminal and civil procedure.
    Źródło:
    Themis Polska Nova; 2015, 2(9); 153-164
    2084-4522
    Pojawia się w:
    Themis Polska Nova
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Polish Courts: The Story of an (Almost) Lost Hope for Development
    Autorzy:
    Jurkowska-Gomułka, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530095.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    collective redress
    evidence
    nullity
    private enforcement of competition law
    Polska
    public enforcement of competition law
    Opis:
    The article reviews judgments of Polish courts on private enforcement of competition law between 1993 and 2012. A quantitative analysis of this jurisprudence shows that very few cases of that type exist at all. Their qualitative characteristics illustrate that: none of them referred to consumers; none of the claims was a 'pure' damage claim; all of these cases focused on partial or general nullity of contracts concluded as a result of an anticompetitive practice; almost all of them concerned an abuse of a dominant position; only one referred to competition-restricting agreements. The relevant jurisprudence largely focused on the binding force of a prior decision of the Polish competition body upon civil courts. Even if the fact that some cases of this type were at all record might suggest that there is a potential for developing private enforcement of antitrust in Poland, nothing like this actually happened. Unfortunately, the Act on Collective Redress (in force since July 2010) has not contributed to a growth in the number of consumers (or any other entities) engaging in court disputes with undertakings restricting competition.
    L’article passe en revue les jugements des tribunaux polonais sur l’application privée du droit de la concurrence entre 1993 et 2012. Une analyse quantitative de cette jurisprudence montre que très peu de cas de ce type existent. Leurs caractéristiques qualitatives montrent que : aucun d’entre eux ne concernait les consommateurs ; aucune des revendications ne constituait une demande d’indemnisation dans le sense exacte ; tous ces cas axaient sur la nullité partielle ou générale des contrats conclus à la suite d‘une pratique anticoncurrentielle ; la quasi-totalité d’entre eux concernaient un abus de position dominante ; une seule visait aux accords restreignant la concurrence. La jurisprudence se concentrait surtout sur la force contraignante d’une décision préalable de l’organe polonais de la concurrence prise par des tribunaux civils. Même si le fait que certains cas de ce type-là étaient notés, il pourrait suggérer qu’il existe un potentiel de développement de l’application privée de la concurrence en Pologne – rien que cela ne s’est réellement passé. Malheureusement, la Loi sur les recours collectif (en vigueur depuis juillet 2010) n’a pas contribué à une augmentation du nombre de consommateurs (ou d’autres entités) s’engageant dans des litiges judiciaires avec les entreprises qui restreignent la concurrence.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 107-128
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development of Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Lithuania
    Autorzy:
    Moisejevas, Raimundas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    antitrust damage claims
    Directive on antitrust damages actions
    evidence
    follow-on action
    Lithuania
    nullity
    private enforcement of competition law
    public enforcement of competition law
    Opis:
    The article reviews the jurisprudence of Lithuanian courts on private enforcement of competition law and identifies the main obstacles for the development of this practice. The analysis of the jurisprudence makes it possible to summarise that: most rulings of the Lithuanian courts relate to cases on the abuse of dominance; usually, dominant undertakings were allegedly applying discriminatory conditions towards the injured party and; most of the claims were presented as follow-on actions after a decision of the Competition Council. The courts held that damages caused by a breach of competition law have to be recovered in accordance with Lithuania’s main principles of civil responsibility. At the same time, the courts made it clear that their jurisprudence is based on the rulings of European Courts and the main principles of EU competition law. The main obstacles for the successful development of antitrust damages claims in Lithuania are, inter alia: complexity of competition cases; difficulty in obtaining substantive evidence; proving a consequential relationship and; high legal costs. The article also analyses substantial and procedural provisions of Lithuanian legislation that regulate the submission of antitrust damage claims.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 35-52
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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