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Wyszukujesz frazę "soil activity" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Effects of heavy metals on the activity of dehydrogenases, phosphatases and urease in naturally and artificially contaminated soils
Autorzy:
Wiatrowska, K.
Komisarek, J.
Dluzewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
heavy metal
dehydrogenase activity
phosphatase activity
urease activity
naturally contaminated soil
artificially contaminated soil
soil contamination
enzyme activity
trace element
bioavailable form
Opis:
Most of the processes occurring in soil are catalysed by enzymes. As a result of their sensitivity towards heavy metals, enzymes in contaminated soils are usually less active. The purpose of this paper was to assess the influence of bioavailable forms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and to compare the results obtained from naturally and artificially contaminated soils. A pot experiment was carried out on two loamy sand soils, naturally and artificially contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The total content of heavy metals classified these soils as very heavily contaminated with Cu, heavily contaminated with Pb and contaminated with Cd and Zn, all according to the IUNG system (1995). One of the following organic materials: swine manure or triticale straw, was added to the soil batches. The experiment was carried out in three replications, in two pH ranges: slightly acid and acid. Soil samples for analyses were taken after 14, 28, 165 and 450 days of incubation. The results of the experiment showed that the activity of soil enzymes depended on the content of bioavailable heavy metals; the total concentration of trace elements and H+ were less important. However, considerable differences were found in enzyme activity between naturally and artificially contaminated soils. This indicates that results obtained from other research conducted on freshly contaminated soils cannot be easily transferred to field conditions. The analysed enzymes responded differently to the concentration of bioavailable forms of heavy metals. Alkaline phosphatase was the least tolerant to bioavailable forms of heavy metals, unlike urease, which was the most tolerant soil enzyme. A similar pattern of sensitivity toward trace elements, which could be ordered as Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb, was noticed for dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases. Urease was found to be more tolerant to Zn.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2015, 20, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil microbial activity as influenced by compaction and straw mulching
Autorzy:
Siczek, A.
Frac, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil
microbial activity
soil compaction
straw mulching
enzyme activity
bacteria number
microbial parameter
Opis:
Field study was performed on Haplic Luvisol soil to determine the effects of soil compaction and straw mulching on microbial parameters of soil under soybean. Treatments with different compaction were established on unmulched and mulched with straw soil. The effect of soil compaction and straw mulching on the total bacteria number and activities of dehydrogenases, protease, alkaline and acid phosphatases was studied. The results of study indicated the decrease of enzymes activities in strongly compacted soil and their increase in medium compacted soil as compared to no-compacted treatment. Mulch application caused stimulation of the bacteria total number and enzymatic activity in the soil under all compaction levels. Compaction and mulch effects were significant for all analyzed microbial parameters (P<0.001).
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2012, 26, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aeration properties and enzyme activity on the example of Arenic Chernozem [Tisice]
Autorzy:
Wlodarczyk, T.
Glinski, J.
Stepniewski, W.
Stepniewska, Z.
Brzezinska, M.
Kuraz, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
aeration property
soil
catalase
enzyme activity
oxidoreductase
black earth
dehydrogenase activity
soil enzyme
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2001, 15, 2
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the enzymatic activity in sandy loam soil exposed to zinc pressure
Zmiany aktywności enzymatycznej w glinie piaszczystej poddanej presji cynku
Autorzy:
Kucharski, J.
Wieczorek, K.
Wyszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
enzyme activity
sandy loam soil
zinc
soil contamination
soil quality
Opis:
One of the bioindicators most often applied to assess the quality of soil is its enzymatic activity. Undesirable changes in the activity of enzymes can imply excessive presence of substances which are harmful to soil environment, such as heavy metals. Being a heavy metal, zinc is also an element essential for maintaining proper functions of live organisms. The purpose of this study has been to determine the significance of changes occurring in moderately heavy soil under the influence of zinc. The experiment was carried out in three replicates under laboratory conditions. Sandy loams of pH 5.5 and 7.0 were used for the trials. The soils were contaminated with zinc according to the following design: control (natural content), raised content (70 mg Zn2+ kg–1), weakly polluted (200 mg Zn2+ kg–1 ), moderately polluted (500 mg Zn2+ kg–1), heavily polluted (1,500 mg Zn2+ kg–1) and very heavily polluted soil (5,000 mg and 10,000 mg Zn2+ kg–1). The soil samples prepared as above were brought to the moisture content of 50% maximum water capacity and incubated at 25oC for 120 days. On day 30, 60 and 120, the activity of dehydrogenases, β-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase was determined. Based on these determinations, the following indices were calculated: ED50, the index for resistance (RS) and the index for resilience (RL). The tests have demonstrated that as the rate of soil contamination with zinc increased, the activity of all the analyzed enzymes was significantly depressed. The negative influence of zinc contamination on the activity of particular enzymes, irrespective of the soil pH, persisted throughout the whole experiment. In respect of their sensitivity to zinc, the enzymes can be ordered as follows: arylsulphatase > dehydrogenases > acid phosphatase > urease > β-glucosidase. Zinc contamination caused lasting changes in the soil environment, but the return to the state of equilibrium was the quickest in the case of dehydrogenases (RL = 0.276), less rapid for arylsulphatase (RL = 0.173) and the slowest for acid phosphatase (RL = 0.064). In contrast, the activity of urease, instead of regenerating, was increasingly disturbed (RL = 0.350). Soil acidification was the factor that most evidently exacerbated the negative influence of zinc on the activity of β-glucosidase and arylsulphatase. Values of ED50 for the activity of particular enzymes were varied. In the soil of pH 7.0, they ranged from 3,324 mg Zn2+ kg–1 for β-glucosidase to 412 mg Zn2+ kg–1 for dehydrogenases, and in the soil of pH 5.5, they varied from 1,008 Zn2+ kg–1 for β-glucosidase to 280 mg Zn2+ kg–1 for arylsulphatase.
Aktywność enzymatyczna gleby stanowi jeden z najczęściej wykorzystywanych biowskaźników do oceny jakości gleby. Niekorzystne zmiany w aktywności enzymów mogą świadczyć o nadmiernej zawartości substancji szkodliwych dla środowiska glebowego, do których należą również metale ciężkie. Cynk jest też niezbędnym składnikiem do prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmów żywych. Celem badań było określenie istotności zmian zachodzących w glebie o średniej kategorii agrotechnicznej ciężkości pod wpływem cynku. Doświadczenie wykonano w warunkach laboratoryjnych, w 3 powtórzeniach. Do badań wykorzystano gliny piaszczyste o pH 5,5 oraz o pH 7,0, które zanieczyszczono cynkiem wg następującego schematu: kontrola (zawartość naturalna), zawartość podwyższona (70 mg Zn2+ k g–1), słabe zanieczyszczenie (200 mg Zn2+ k g–1), średnie zanieczyszczenie (500 mg Zn2+ k g–1), silne zanieczyszczenie (1500 mg Zn2+ k g–1) i bardzo silne zanieczyszczenie (5000 mg oraz 10 000 mg Zn2+ k g–1). Tak przygotowane próbki gleby uwilgotniono do poziomu 50% maksymalnej pojemności wodnej i inkubowano w temp. 25°C przez 120 dni. W 30., 60. oraz 120. dniu określono aktywność dehydrogenaz, β-glukozydazy, ureazy, fosfatazy kwaśnej oraz arylosulfatazy. Na ich podstawie obliczono wskaźniki ED50, oporności (RS) i powrotu do równowagi (RL). W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że wraz ze zwiększeniem stopnia zanieczyszczenia gleby cynkiem aktywność wszystkich badanych enzymów ulegała istotnemu zmniejszeniu. Negatywny wpływ zanieczyszczenia cynkiem na aktywność enzymatyczną gleby, niezależnie od jej pH, utrzymywał się przez cały okres trwania badań. Enzymy pod wpływem wrażliwości na zanieczyszczenie gleby cynkiem można uszeregować następująco: arylosulfataza > dehydrogenazy > fosfataza kwaoena > ureaza > β-glukozydaza. Zanieczyszczenie cynkiem powodowało długotrwałe zmiany w środowisku glebowym, ale najszybciej do stanu równowagi powracały dehydrogenazy (RL = 0,276), nieco wolniej arylosulfataza (RL = 0,173), i najwolniej fosfataza kwaoena (RL = 0,064). Natomiast aktywność ureazy nie tyko nie regenerowała się, ale stan zaburzenia ulegał pogłębieniu (RL = -0,350). Zakwaszenie gleby w największym stopniu wzmagało negatywne działanie cynku na aktywność β-glukozydazy i arylosulfatazy. ED50 dla aktywności poszczególnych enzymów było zróżnicowane. W glebie o pH 7,0 wahało się od 3324 mg Zn2+ k g–1 dla β-glukozydazy do 412 mg Zn2+ k g–1 dla dehydrogenaz, a w glebie o pH 5,5 od 1008 mg Zn2+ k g–1 dla β-glukozydazy do 280 mg Zn2+ k g–1 dla arylosulfatazy.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2011, 16, 4
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enzyme activity in forest peat soils
Autorzy:
Blonska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
enzyme activity
forest soil
peat soil
dehydrogenase
urease
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the activity of dehydrogenases and urease in forest peat soils of different fertility. There were selected 23 experimental plots localised in central and northern Poland. The research was conducted on forest fens, transition bogs and raised bogs. The biggest differences in soil physical and chemical properties were detected between fen and raised bog soils while raised bog soils and transition bog soils differed the least. Statistically significant differences between particular subtypes of peat soils were observed for soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, C/N ratio as well as the content of organic carbon, nitrogen, calcium and potassium. The highest average dehydrogenase activity in the soil surface level was observed in fen soils, and the lowest – in raised bogs soils. The results obtained on urease activity were similar. Differences in urease activity in the studied soil types were shown. Dehydrogenase activity did not reveal statistically significant diversity. The activity of urease was negatively correlated with the content of carbon, C/N ratio, hydrolytic acidity and moisture. Also the increase in enzymatic activity accompanied by the increase in pH has been observed.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2010, 52, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Usability of enzyme activity in estimation of forest soil quality
Autorzy:
Blonska, E.
Januszek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
usability
enzyme activity
estimation
forest soil
soil quality
soil enzyme
site index
Opis:
Taking into account the progressive degradation of soils it is important to assess their quality. Soil quality depends on a large number of physical, chemical, biological and biochemical properties. In the publications available, there are presented three approaches regarding the use of soil properties to estimate soil quality: (1) the use of individual properties, (2) the use of simple indexes and (3) the use of complex indexes derived from combinations of different properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to use enzymes as indicators of forest soil quality. Experimental plots (43) were located in central Poland. The study was carried out in a number of diverse fresh forest sites. To assess the quality of forest soils dehydrogenase and urease activity and the degree of base saturation were used. One of the final conclusions point out that enzymatic activity indicates current site condition as well as the changes that occur in soil better than soil physical and chemical properties. In other words, in comparison to soil enzymatic activity, soil physico-chemical properties constitute a less sensitive indicator of soil changes.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2013, 55, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of temperature on the biological properties of soil
Autorzy:
Borowik, A.
Wyszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil temperature
soil property
biological property
microorganism
biodiversity
ecophysiology
enzyme activity
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2016, 30, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biological and biochemical properties in evaluation of forest soil quality
Autorzy:
Blonska, E.
Lasota, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
biological property
biochemical property
forest soil
soil quality
earthworm
enzyme activity
Opis:
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using biological and biochemical parameters in the evaluation of forest soil quality and changes caused by land use. The study attempted to determine a relationship between the enzymatic activity of soil, the number of earthworms and soil physico-chemical properties. The study was carried out in central Poland in adjoining Forest Districts (Przedbórz and Smardzewice). In soil samples taken from 12 research plots, basic physico-chemical properties, enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, urease) and density and biomass of earthworms were examined. Enzyme activity showed a large diversity within the forest site types studied. The correlations between the activity of the enzymes studied and C/N ratio indicated considerable importance of these enzymes in metabolism of essential elements of organic matter of forest soils. Urease and dehydrogenase activity and earthworm number showed susceptibility to soil pH, which confirmed relationships between enzyme activity and abundance of earthworms and soil pH in H2O and KCl.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2014, 56, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enzymatic activity of nickel-contaminated soil
Aktywnosc enzymatyczna gleby zanieczyszczonej niklem
Autorzy:
Wyszkowska, J
Boros, E.
Kucharski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
nickel
enzyme activity
soil contamination
yellow lupin
soil property
physicochemical property
dehydrogenase
Opis:
A pot experiment was performed to determine the effect of soil contamination with nickel, applied at a dose of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1, on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The impact of nickel on the enzymatic activity of soil was studied on samples of heavy loamy sand and light silty loam. The experiment was conducted in two series: in the first one soil was cropped to yellow lupine, and in the second one it was left uncropped. Soil samples were analyzed on day 14, 28, 42 and 56. It was found that soil contamination with nickel reduced the activity of all the enzymes. This negative influence was most noticeable in the case of dehydrogenase. The activity of urease and alkaline phosphatase was higher in light silty loam, while the activity of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase was higher in heavy loamy sand. The activity of dehydrogenases and urease was higher in soil cropped to yellow lupine, whereas the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was higher in uncropped soil. Yellow lupine was sensitive to excessive amounts of nickel in the soil, and partly alleviated the adverse impact of this heavy metal on urease activity, but did not reduce its inhibitory effect on the other enzymes.
W doświadczeniu wazonowym określono wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem w dawkach 100, 200, 300 i 400 mg kg-1 na aktywność dehydrogenaz, ureazy, fosfatazy kwaśnej oraz fosfatazy alkalicznej. Wpływ niklu na aktywność enzymatyczną badano w dwóch gatunkach gleb: piasku gliniastym mocnym oraz glinie lekkiej pylastej. Badania przeprowadzono w dwóch seriach, tj. na glebie obsianej łubinem żółtym i nie obsianej. Próbki glebowe analizowano: w 14., 28., 42. i 56. dniu. Stwierdzono, że zanieczyszczenie gleby niklem spowodowało zmniejszenie aktywności wszystkich badanych enzymów. Najbardziej niekorzystnie nikiel wpływał na aktywność dehydrogenaz. Wyższą aktywność ureazy i fosfatazy alkalicznej stwierdzono w glinie lekkiej pylastej niż w piasku gliniastym mocnym, natomiast dehydrogenaz i fosfatazy kwaśnej - w piasku gliniastym mocnym. Wyższą aktywność dehydrogenaz i ureazy odnotowano w glebie obsianej łubinem żółtym, natomiast fosfatazy kwaśnej i fosfatazy alkalicznej - w glebie nie obsianej. Łubin żółty okazał się wrażliwy na nadmiar niklu w glebie. Jego uprawa częściowo łagodziła niekorzystny wpływ niklu na ureazę, lecz nie zmniejszała hamującego oddziaływania tego pierwiastka na pozostałe enzymy.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2008, 13, 1
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biological properties of soil contaminated with the herbicide Apyros 75 WG
Biologiczne wlasciwosci gleby zanieczyszczonej herbicydem Apyros 75 WG
Autorzy:
Kucharski, J
Wyszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
soil microorganism
herbicide
enzyme activity
biological property
soil contamination
Apyros 75 WG herbicide
soil property
Opis:
The objective of the study has been to determine the effect of the herbicide Apyros 75 WG on counts of various aerobic microorganisms, activity of soil enzymes and yields of spring wheat. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Samples of soil used for the trials represented loamy sand. Having mixed the soil samples with mineral fertilizers, doses of the herbicide were added and the soil was placed in plastic pots. The lowest herbicide dose was the optimum dose recommended by the producer, and the two other doses were 10- and 100-fold higher. The experiment was conducted in two series: I – unsown soil, and II – soil under spring wheat. It has been determined that Apyros 75 WG disturbs soil’s homeostasis, as it disrupts multiplication of some microbial groups, inhibits the activity of soil enzymes and depresses the yield of spring wheat, even if applied in a recommended dose. Among the soil enzymes, dehydrogenases and urease were the least tolerant to the effect of the herbicide, whereas alkaline phosphatase proved to be the most tolerant one. The vulnerability of microorganisms to soil pollution with the herbicide can be arranged in the following decreasing order: ammonifying bacteria > Pseudomonas > copiotrophic bacteria > oligotrophic bacteria > nitrogen binding bacteria > spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria > Arthrobacter > cellulolytic bacteria > Actinomyces > fungi. Growing spring wheat had a positive effect on the counts of microorganisms and activity of soil enzymes.
Celem badań było określenie wpływu herbicydu Apyros 75 WG na liczebność różnych grup drobnoustrojów tlenowych, aktywność enzymów glebowych oraz plonowanie pszenicy jarej. Badania przeprowadzono w wazonach w hali wegetacyjnej. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano próbki gleby o składzie granulometrycznym piasku gliniastego. Glebę po wymieszaniu z nawozami mineralnymi zanieczyszczono herbicydem i umieszczono w plastikowych wazonach. Najniższa dawka herbicydu była dawką optymalną, zalecaną do stosowania przez producenta, a kolejne były 10 i 100-krotnie wyższe. Badania prowadzono w dwóch seriach: I – gleba nieobsiana i II – gleba obsiana pszenicą jarą. Stwierdzono, że Apyros 75 WG narusza homeostazę gleby, gdyż nawet w dawce zalecanej przez producenta zakłóca namnażanie niektórych grup drobnoustrojów, hamuje aktywność enzymów glebowych oraz zmniejsza plon pszenicy jarej. Najmniej odpornymi enzymami na działanie herbicydu są dehydrogenazy oraz ureaza, a najbardziej odporna jest fosfataza alkaliczna. Wrażliwość drobnoustrojów na zanieczyszczenie gleby herbicydem Apyros 75 WG jest następująca: bakterie amonifikacyjne > Pseudomonas > bakterie kopiotroficzne > bakterie oligotroficzne > bakterie immobilizujące azot > bakterie oligotroficzne przetrwalnikujące > Arthrobacter > bakterie celulolityczne > promieniowce > grzyby. Na liczebność drobnoustrojów oraz aktywność enzymów korzystnie wpływa uprawa pszenicy jarej.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2008, 13, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microbiological and biochemical properties of soil depending on adenine and azotobacterin applied
Mikrobiologiczne i biochemiczne wlasciwosci gleby ksztaltowane przez adenine i azotobakteryne
Autorzy:
Wyszkowska, J
Kucharski, M.
Kucharski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
soil microorganism
urea fertility
microbiological property
enzyme activity
adenine
microorganism number
soil
azotobacterin
soil enzyme
biochemical property
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine how adenine affected biological proprieties of soil. The performance of this precursor cytokinine was tested in a pot trial. The question posed was whether it was possible to improve efficacy of adenine by enlarging populations of bacteria from Azotobacter species in soil. The experiment was carried out on proper brown soil, formed from dust clay sand with pHKCl 6,9. Pots were filled with 3.2 kg of soil. The investigations were performed in two series: with and without addition Azotobacterin to soil. Tow rates of nitrogen fertilisation: 0 and 50 mg N·kg-1 of soil were applied in test. Adenine was applied in the following quantities: 0; 5; 10 and 15 mg·kg-1 of soil. Radish, 6 plants per pot, was the test plant. It was confirmed that the adenine had a significant effect on growth and development of radish. It positively affected microbiological and the biochemical proprieties of soil. The counts of total oligotrophic bacteria, oligotrophic sporulation bacteria, total copiotrophic bacteria, copiotrophic sporulation bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, immobilizing bacteria, celulolytic bacteria, Azotobacter sp., Artrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were increased, and the number of fungi diminished. Adenine also stimulated activities of dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase, although it depressed the activity of acid phosphatase. The inoculation with bacteria from Azotobacter species applied to soil failed to improve efficacy of adenine. Nevertheless, it increased counts of these bacteria, which had a beneficial influence on the development of oligotrophic bacteria, immobilizing bacteria, celulolytic bacteria and actinomyces, while negatively affecting fungi, ammonifying bacteria and Arthrobacter.
Celem badań było określenie wpływu adeniny na biologiczne właściwości gleby. Działanie tego prekursora cytokinin testowano w doświadczeniu wazonowym. Sprawdzano możliwość wzmocnienia efektywności adeniny przez zwiększenie w glebie puli bakterii z rodzaju Azotobacter. Badania wykonano w próbkach gleby brunatnej właściwej, wytworzonej z piasku gliniastego pylastego o pHKCl 6,9. W wazonach umieszczono po 3,2 kg gleby. Badania obejmowały dwie serie: bez i z dodatkiem do gleby szczepionki Azotobakteryny. W doświadczeniu zastosowano zróżnicowane nawożenie azotem: 0 i 50 mg N·kg-1 gleby. Adeninę stosowano w następującej ilości: 0; 5; 10 i 15 mg·kg-1 gleby. Rośliną doświadczalną była rzodkiewka - 6 roślin w wazonie. Stwierdzono, że adenina istotnie wpływała na wzrost i rozwój rzodkiewki. Korzystnie oddziaływała na mikrobiologiczne i biochemiczne właściwości gleby. Zwiększała liczebność bakterii: oligotroficznych ogółem, oligotroficznych przetrwalnikujących, kopiotroficznych ogółem, kopiotroficznych przetrwalnikujących, amonifikacyjnych, immobilizujących azot, celulolitycznych, Azotobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. oraz promieniowców, a zmniejszała liczbę grzybów. Stymulowała także aktywność dehydrogenaz, ureazy i fosfatazy alkalicznej, natomiast hamowała aktywność fosfatazy kwaśnej. Zastosowana szczepionka złożona z bakterii z rodzaju Azotobacter nie poprawiała efektywności adeniny. Zwiększała jednak liczbę tych bakterii w glebie, co wpłynęło korzystnie na rozwój bakterii oligotroficznych, immobilizujących azot, celulolitycznych oraz promieniowców, natomiast negatywnie - na grzyby oraz bakterie amonifikacyjne i bakterie z rodzaju Arthrobacter.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2008, 13, 1
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktywnosc ureazy w wybranych glebach Polski
Urease activity in selected polish soils
Autorzy:
Stepniewska, Z
Samborska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1630458.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
Polska
gleby
enzymy
enzymy glebowe
ureaza
aktywnosc ureazowa
aktywnosc enzymatyczna
oznaczanie
Polska
soil
enzyme
soil enzyme
urease
urease activity
enzyme activity
determination
Opis:
Celem badań było określenie aktywności ureazy na wybranych glebach Polski: bielicowych i brunatnych wytworzonych z piasków i glin, lessów, czarnych ziem i mad rzecznych. Badaniom poddano próbki z poziomu 0-10 cm, które pobrano z Banku Gleb Instytutu Agrofizyki PAN. Aktywność ureazy zawierała się w przedziale 0,3256 - 1,7896 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. Najniższą aktywność ureazową zanotowano w glebach bielicowych i wynosiła ona 0,33 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. W glebach brunatnych wytworzonych z piasków i lessów aktywność ureazy wahała się w granicach 0,55 - 1,00 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. Najwyższą aktywność stwierdzono w glebach: czarnych ziemiach, madach rzecznych, glebach murszowych i murszowatych 1,43 - 1,79 pM N-NH4 kg-lh-1. W oparciu o analizę statystyczną otrzymanych wyników można stwierdzić, że aktywność ureazowa pozostaje w ścisłym związku z zawartością materii organicznej.
The aim of the investigation was to measure activity of urease in different polish soils such as podzolic and brown developed from sands and loams, brown developed from loess, as well as in black earths and aluvials soils. The measurements were performed on samples taken from 0-10 cm depths. The urease activity was in the range of 0,3256 - 1,7896 pM N-NH4+ kg''h‘'. The lowest activity was noted in the podzolic soil and was on the level of 0,3256 pM N-NH4+ kg’'h''. In the brown and lessive soils the urease activity was in the rangę 0,55-1,00 pM N-NH4+ kg''h_l. The highest urease activity were found in black earths, alluvials soils, Eutric Histosol Soils 1,43-1,79 pM N-NH/kg1 h’’. The results obtained allow to conclude that the urease activity is tightly connected with the organie matter content of the soil.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 1999, 22; 219-228
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics influenced by irrigation-induced salinity and sewage sludge incorporation in sandy - loam textured soil
Autorzy:
Ankush
Prakash, R.
Kumar, R.
Singh, V.
Harender
Singh, V.K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
sewage sludge
saline irrigation
soil
microbial
biomass carbon
enzyme activity
Opis:
The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is known to be environmentally friendly as it is a practical way of recycling municipal waste. A short-term experiment was carried out to study the changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties influenced through the addition of sewage sludge along with saline irrigation under a pearl millet-wheat crop rotation. There were three irrigation (canal water (0.35 dS m-1), 8 and 10 dS m-1 electrical conductivity saline water) and five fertilizer treatments (control-F1, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1)-F2, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1) +50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)-F3, sewage sludge (5 t ha-1)+75% RDF-F4 and RDF-F5). The results showed that soil organic carbon, and available nitrogen, and phosphorus were reduced significantly under saline conditions but there was an increase in available potassium with the increasing salinity levels of the irrigation water. A significant reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities was caused by 8 and 10 dS m-1 as compared to 0.35 dS m-1 at different growth stages of crops. Treatment F4 attained the highest soil microbial activity at each crop growth stage by a significant margin among all of the fertilizer treatments, which is associated with a substantial build-up of organic carbon and available NPK in the soil. Soil microbial activities followed a particular trend: at 35 and 75 days after sowing>harvest>sowing in pearl millet and wheat, respectively. Sewage sludge dumping is a major problem in India, and the present study suggests that by applying sewage sludge, soil biological health is improved; therefore its use in agriculture is recommended to farmers.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2020, 34, 4; 451-462
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of tillage systems on chemical, biochemical and biological composition of soil
Autorzy:
Romaneckas, K.
Avizienyte, D.
Boguzas, V.
Sarauskis, E.
Jasinskas, A.
Marks, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
tillage system
chemical composition
biochemical composition
biological composition
soil
earthworm
enzyme activity
soil pH
phosphorus
potassium
Opis:
The influence of reduced tillage (RT) on the biochemical properties of soil and crops has been studied thoroughly worldwide. In contrast, we lack regular results on long-term (more than 20 years) RT and especially no-till (NT) impact on the composition of soil and main crops in semi-humid subarctic climate of the Baltic States. For this reason, investigations were carried out at the Research Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania, in 2009–2012. The aim was to investigate the influence of RT and NT on soil pH, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations, enzymatic activity and abundance of earthworms. This study comprised soils which were conventionally (CP) and shallowly (SP) ploughed, deeply chiselled (DC), shallowly disked (SC) and not tilled (NT). Primary tillage systems did not have significant impact on the soil pH or its P and K content but initiated the separation of soil layers into an upper one (0–15 cm), with a higher P and K status (55.5% P and 59.0% K of the total content), and a bottom one (15–25 cm), with lower concentrations of the elements (44.5 and 41.0%). Non-inversion tillage systems and NT raised the activity of soil enzymes such as saccharase by 32.2 to 60.8% and urease by 1.6- to 3.1-fold. The most marked rise in enzyme activity occurred in SC and NT soil. RT systems lead to an increase in the number and biomass of earthworms in the soil under wheat but the highest rise of the earthworm number and biomass was observed in NT plots, where the average count of earthworms doubled and their biomass increased by 3.7-fold compared with CP. In general, NT was the most efficient system in terms of the enrichment of soil biochemical properties.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2016, 21, 2
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enzymatic activity of actinomycetes from the genus Streptomyces isolated from the bulk soil and rhizosphere of the Pinus sylvestris
Autorzy:
Golinska, P.
Dahm, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
enzyme activity
Actinomycetes
Streptomyces
isolation
bulk soil
forest soil
rhizosphere
Pinus sylvestris
chitinase
protease
pectinase
cellulase
Opis:
The enzymatic activity (chitinolytic, proteolytic, pectolytic andcellulolytic) of twenty strains of Streptomyces isolated from soil and rhizosphere of Scots pine was analyzed. Most strains produced chitinases, catalyzing the degradation of chitin, the main component of fungal cell walls including fungi pathogenic for plants. This activity was about 4 times higher in the presence of Fusariumoxysporum than Rhizoctonia solani mycelium or chitin flakes. The number of the proteolytic strains was also significant. In general, rhizosphere and soil organisms synthesizedcomparable amounts of these enzymes. Over half of the analyzed Streptomyces strains produced pectolytic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectate lyase). This property was more common among rhizosphere than among soil strains. The Streptomyces strains also showedcellulolytic activity (endocellulases, exocellulases) – enzymes decomposing basic components of cell walls of plant and lower fungi (cellulose). The cellulolytic activity was differentiated and depended on the Streptomyces strain. Conclusion of our studies is that Streptomyces are the microorganisms more chitinolytic andproteolytic than pectolytic and cellulolytic.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2011, 65
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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