Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "air transport" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Цілі сталого розвитку: пріоритети цивільної авіації
Sustainable Development Goals: Priorities of Civil Aviation
Autorzy:
Chulinda, Lyudmila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
airspace
ICAO
international standards
security
aeronautical capability
development of air transport
environmental protection
ІКАО
міжнародні стандарти
повітряний простір
безпека
аеронавігаційна спроможність
розвиток авіаційного транспорту
захист навколишнього середовища
Opis:
The article is devoted to the analysis of current problems of international civil aviation, in particular, intensification of work in the program of global partnership in civil aviation to implement the UN document “Transforming our world: an agenda for sustainable development until 2030”, which defines 17 Sustainable Development Goals. This document envisages the involvement of all countries in the world to promote prosperity, protect the planet, ensure peace, eradicate poverty, so that by 2030 all people can live safely. The analysis of the influence of modern world trends on solving the problem of priorities of civil aviation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the study of Ukraine’s efforts to develop their provision in accordance with its own priorities and the problems of the world as a whole. The goals of sustainable development for the period up to 2030 are guidelines for the development of draft policy documents, draft regulations in order to ensure the balance of economic, social and environmental development of Ukraine. The technology of determining the priorities of international civil aviation is analyzed, taking into account the specifics of Ukraine’s development, set out in the National Report “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine”, as well as their compliance with international organizations. The measures proposed by the ICAO Council for the implementation of the priority goals of regional priority, proposals for setting priorities for sustainable development in new programs with the participation of member states of international and European civil aviation organizations are described. Topical issues of application of international standards of civil aviation, which testify to their effectiveness in improving approaches to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, are covered. However, despite the fact that the problems of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals are relevant, attract the attention of many international organizations, not many domestic researchers have tried to provide independent scientific justification for international civil aviation, provided by the final UN document. The development of domestic legislation, its gradual harmonization with international law, as well as regular ICAO recommendations, existing international and European standards in the field of civil aviation necessitate the emergence of new research in this area.
Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасних проблем міжнародної цивільної авіа- ції, зокрема, активізації роботи у програмі глобального партнерства у сфе- рі цивільної авіації для виконання документа ООН «Перетворення нашого світу: порядок денний у сфері сталого розвитку до 2030 року», де визна- чається 17 Цілей сталого розвитку. Цей документ передбачає участь усіх країн світу у сприянні процвітанню, захисту планети, забезпечення миру, знищення бідності, щоб до 2030 року всі люди могли жити безпечно. Здійснюється аналіз впливу сучасних світових тенденцій на вирішення проблеми пріоритетів цивільної авіації у досягненні Цілей сталого розвитку, дослідження зусиль України у розробці їх забезпечення відповідно до власних пріоритетів і проблем світу загалом. Цілі сталого розвитку на період до 2030 року є орієнтирами для напрацювання проєктів програмних документів, проєктів нормативно-правових актів з метою забезпечення збалансованості економічного, соціального та екологічного розвитку України. Проаналізовано технологію визначення пріоритетів міжнародної цивільної авіації з урахуванням специфіки розвитку України, викладених у Національній доповіді «Цілі сталого розвитку: Україна». Охарактеризовано заходи, запропоновані Радою ІКАО для реалізації першочергових цілей регіональної пріоритетності, пропозиції щодо визначення шляхів сталого розвитку в нових програмах за участю держав-членів міжнародних та європейських організацій цивільної авіації. Проведено аналіз імплементації міжнародних та європейських стандартів ІКАО у сфері цивільної авіації, доведено, що співпраця України з міжнародними та європейськими організаціями має наслідком взаємні позитивні зрушення, а пріоритети цивільної авіації у досягненні Цілей сталого розвитку сприяють покращенню координації та узгодженості політики держав з урахуванням національних планів розвитку. Висвітлюються актуальні питання застосування міжнародних стандартів цивільної авіації, які засвідчують їх ефективність в удосконаленні підходів до досягнення Цілей сталого розвитку. Проте, незважаючи на те, що проблеми досягнення Цілей сталого розвитку є актуальними, привертають увагу багатьох міжнародних організацій, не так багато вітчизняних дослідників здійснювали спробу дати самостійне наукове обґрунтування вирішенню питань міжнародної цивільної авіації, передбачених підсумковим документом ООН. Дослідження пріоритетів цивільної авіації на період до 2030 року у вітчизняній юридичній науці майже відсутні. Розвиток вітчизняного законодавства, його поступова гармонізація з міжнародним правом, а також застосування рекомендацій ІКАО, міжнародних та європейських стандартів у сфері цивільної авіації зумовлюють необхідність появи нових досліджень у цій сфері.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2022, 2(34); 113-133
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles
Autorzy:
Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projections of future use of electric cars
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Waśkiewicz, J.
Gis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
In the article, reference was made to the mandatory now research hybrid and electric cars, and to the current state of the fleet of cars in the country and among others in the European Union. Reference was made also to the existing charging infrastructure for electric cars. Presents forecast of development of these last cars in Poland and Germany in the perspective of 2020-2030 year, presenting the achievements of the European project eMAP (electromobility-based scenario Market potential, Assessment and Policy options) in this area. An evaluation of the capability of the future of automotive industrial development of e-mobility. Attention was drawn to the traction battery and fuel cell system in electric vehicles. An analysis of the necessary policy options required for the development of electric cars. Among the recent policy options include an issues: research & development technology (strategic alliances, cooperations and consortia), financial incentives (vehicle tax, fuel tax, CO2 tax, insurance incentives), infrastructure, policy regulation (norms and standards, CO2 regulation) and information & marketing. In the project eMAP, a number of achievements were the participation of the authors of the present article.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 55-62
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Approval tests and evaluation of emission properties of vehicle
Autorzy:
Majerczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Operation of vehicles equipped with combustion engines is a source of pollution. That is why the emissions from this source are restricted. The emissions reduction system consists of several steps, whose basic component is a typeapproval of vehicle in terms of emissions level and admission to the registration of vehicles that meets the requirements for emissions. It is assumed, that the gradual reduction of emissions limits will improve the emission properties of the vehicles, and gradual withdrawal of used vehicles, will reduce of emissions growth. The basis for issuing opinions on a vehicle's exhaust emissions is the measurement of emissions performed in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer in reproducible conditions of preparing the vehicle for testing, test replication, fuel for the engine, and the procedure for collecting the exhaust gas analysis. Motor Transport Institute conducts the type approval tests, as well as the research on emissions from vehicles in the real traffic conditions, which are used to determine the actual emission from the vehicle population. Emission tests for applications, that go beyond the application of type approval show, that there are vehicles whose emissions in operation is substantially different from the emissions measured during type approval. It is a natural phenomenon in the case of used vehicles and vehicles with engine malfunctions or exhaust aftertreatment system defect. However, there are vehicles whose emissions under specific operating traffic conditions are significantly different from the values obtained in the course of type approval tests, despite the good properties of emission measured under the conditions provided by the type-approval procedure. The article discusses the results of the emissions from vehicles, obtained in the tests used to determine the emission factors for vehicles used in real traffic conditions, thus taking into account emissions from vehicles, made under different conditions than the type approval tests, which show that, in terms of driving cycles, which are not covered by the emission test procedure, can multiply and exceed the approved values.. This is particularly true for modern diesel engines.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 245-251
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Telematic security system for cash transport vehicle
Autorzy:
Kamiński, T.
Kruszewski, M.
Niezgoda, M.
Gacparska-Stołek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Paper describes security system mounted in the cash transport vehicle that was developed in "Pancermet" project. Consortium consists in addition to the Motor Transport Institute, another nine entities which represent science, vehicle producers and military. The system fulfils the new legal requirements in this area, and consists of the inside/outside video monitoring module and selective door locking mechanism. Every device was designed in accordance with safety and security principles. The video monitoring module includes four video cameras, audiovideo recorder and smoke detector. Selective door lock module cooperates with on-board CAN network that allows selective doors locking with usage of the dedicated touch panel installed on the vehicle's dashboard. The module continually monitors the CAN network which allows also to gain information about opening and closing of every door and status of the lock. Information at touch panel screen, is continuously refreshed, allowing keeping control over all doors, for driver and transporting manager. Article describes also general description about communication with door locks in CAN network and problems encountered during modules development and their solutions. In article there were presented used devices which allows preparing the system for cash transport vehicle.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 149-154
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical modeling of interior car compartment - first analysis
Autorzy:
Trzebiński, D.
Szczygieł, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
During hot summer days outside temperature often exceeds 30°C. Without air condition system it is impossible to achieve temperature inside car compartment at the same level or lower than outside, even with high air flow. Driver 's efficiency researches indicate that it can be even 35% higher at +20°C than at +35°C. Decrease of efficiency at +5°C can be the same as that at +35°C. Usage of air condition system is the only way to achieve internal temperature lower than external one. The heat flux which should be transferred from the car cabin is about 2 kW. There is no problem to reject even higher heat flux from cabin. The problem is how to assure thermal comfort for passengers in so small space like car compartment. The thermal comfort usually means that near skin air temperature is about 20-22°C and air velocity is below 0.5 m/s. In this paper first analysis of numerical modelling of air flow inside car compartment are presented. Two types are considered: first one with 2 m/s velocity with inlets situated at front cowl section, front of dashboard and near feet. Second one with 4 m/s velocity with inlets situated at front cowl section and near foot.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 461-466
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An application of artificial neural network to exhaust emission modelling from diesel engine
Autorzy:
Reszka, K.
Rakoczy, J.
Morgiel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 365-367
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion temperature and exhaust gas composition in si engine fuelled with gaseous hydrocarbon fuels
Autorzy:
Flekiewicz, M.
Kubica, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
This paper presents the issues connected with the process of combustion of natur al gas and methane-hydrogen blend in SI engine. Enriching methane with hydrogen is the way to make the combustion process more efficient and gives possibilities of CO 2 emission reducing. The detailed analysis focused on changes in temperature profile and their impact on thermal charge and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. All the range of investigation is divided into threeparts. First part is dedicated to comparison of combustion temperatures of LPG, CNG and Petrol. In the middle part are presented the results of investigation of influence ignition advance on combustion temperatures of CNG. The third part includes the results of research project aimed at opportunities of efficient combustion of gaseous fuels, whose main constituent is methane. The selected group of fuels included: CNG, and methane-hydrogen blends (with volumetric hydrogen shares - 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%). The tested engine was an Opel Astra naturally aspirated four-cylinder 1.6 l petrol engine with power output of 55 kW at 5200 rpm and torque of 128 Nm at 2600 rpm. This engine was modified in a way allowing its CNG propulsion without compression ratio variations. The investigations were carried out on chassis dynamometers and were the basis for analysis by means of mathematical simulation model, in this paper. The obtained results were compared to measurements for fuelling with unleaded petrol (95-octane) as a base fuel for this drive unit. Fuelling of engine with blend of methane and hydrogen opens up opportunities for considerable reduction in CO 2. For blend contains 30% of hydrogen the emission of CO 2 was 35% lesser than in petrol case.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 105-111
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proposal for air pollution monitoring system with particular attention to linear emissions
Autorzy:
Batko, W.
Skrobacki, Z.
Oliszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
At the beginning of the twentieth century, annual CO2 emissions were around 3 billion tons, while the current levels are 10 times higher now. It is estimated that approximately 22% of the so-called LINEAR emissions are produced by the Transport sector. The vehicles produced today have much lower CO2 emissions, however the number of vehicles on the streets is steadily growing – which in turn spikes up the emissions. Various policies have been put into place to protect the people, and the environment from the harmful impact of the automotive industry. However, the process of identifying the negative emitters such as point, line, and surface emitters is difficult due to the fact that they take place simultaneously. The transport and the spread of pollutant gas are mainly dependent upon the atmospheric phenomena recorded locally. Key factors include atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and the phenomenon of temperature inversion and heat transfer phenomena in the atmosphere to name a few. The factors I have just mentioned are affected by the area’s topography, the concentration of buildings & plants in a given area that affect the oxygen levels in the area. Therefore, there is a need to establish a system for continuous monitoring of air quality with regard to the use of heating systems, operating systems, transportation management and vehicle traffic. This type of system shall consist of a “network & quote; of measuring instruments deployed in various locations within the measured territory. The use of a measuring system will: record pollution levels, pinpoint trouble areas, allow us to forecast the future pollution levels, as record necessary data to forecast the atmospheric conditions. The expert module will allow the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of gathered data. Paper examines a system that meets the above-mentioned criteria. The system was created by an interdisciplinary research team led by Prof. Dr. Eng. W. Batko of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow, Poland.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 25-32
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of possibility limiting the time of test injector in diesel engine using factory test bench producers of these elements
Autorzy:
Bąk, Witold
Wojnar, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Regeneration of parts is the most correct form of use of worn out components and contributes, among others, to reduce CO2 emissions. In the case of elements of fuel injector systems, very high precision is required and such regeneration should be carried out using the original parts. It also requires testing on the original testing stands of these manufacturers, which very often characterized by the fact that it is not possible to perform a short test, which means that it is only possible to perform a time-consuming comprehensive test. An unquestionable advantage in some cases would be the possibility of preliminary verification of the correct operation of the regenerated subassembly without the need for a full time-consuming test. In the present situation, only after completing a time-consuming comprehensive test of the diagnosed element of the injection system, it is often necessary to carry out its disassembly, replacement or correction of one of the components and reassembly with the next time-consuming test. In the case of low unemployment in the labour market, this is extremely unfavourable, and it is often not possible to organize work in such a way that the diagnostic test of the subassembly takes place without the participation of an employee. On the basis of the analyses presented in this article, carried out in the research and development department in company whose employee is one of the co-authors, it can be stated that in the current situation on the labour market where skilled workers are required to work and for the development of science is the most purposeful recognition of the possibility of using vibroacoustic signals to shorten time of tests, which with a high probability may end in a negative result. The preliminary analysis carried out, show that limitation of diagnostic time can be over 35%.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 15-20
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of operational availability of municipal transport system
Autorzy:
Woropay, M.
Bojar, P.
Muślewski, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The primary subject of research is the procedure leading to safe, efficient, reliable and timely completion of transport tasks. The tasks, assigned to the transport system, are carried out by an operative subsystem, comprised of elementary subsystems of the man – technical object (operator-vehicle) type. The timely and safe completion of the tasks is influenced by the level of availability and reliability of elementary subsystems. Those in control of the process of the use of means of transport (vehicles) should undertake control decisions in such a way that would correctly evaluate the efficiency of process completion. In the area of public transport, technical availability of buses constitutes an important criterion of the evaluation of transport system. As a result, the transport company should provide continuous surveillance of the process of vehicle use in order to achieve running availability of the whole system. The requirements expected from devices and machines used head towards servicing via preventive method taking into account the technical condition of the system. Such an approach is a transformation towards technical system servicing process management. Correct completion of transport tasks is possible when the required traffic safety is met, taking into consideration the technical condition of the means of transport. The municipal transport systems should ensure the quality of the services provided to meet the expectations of the users. In the set of characteristics of the researched transport system, the following ones stand out: regularity, availability, reliability, course frequency, travel comfort, timeliness, speed, service complexity, competitive cost of transport service, and safety.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 4; 355-361
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing of an engine fuelled with rapeseed oil
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241524.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
emissions testing
Opis:
Rapeseed oil in a few applications can be used as an engine fuel. Although it has worse properties than its methyl esters, it can be considered as an alternative fuel in engines adapted to its use. The article describes some problems resulting from the use of pure rapeseed oil as a fuel for compression ignition internal combustion engines. Differences between basic physical and chemical properties between diesel oil and rapeseed oil will be discussed and their impact on the theoretical engine performance and emission of pollutants from the exhaust system, with a focus on viscosity of rapeseed oil and the impact of this parameter on the fuel injection process. The basic changes in the engine design to be able to run on the rapeseed oil are discussed. The results of author’s own tests of the engine adapted to operate on the rapeseed oil and its blends with diesel oil carried out on the engine dynamometer test bench are presented. The theoretical assumptions presented in the Introduction were tested experimentally in the dynamometric test. Combination of higher density of rapeseed oil and its smaller stoichiometric value caused by the presence of oxygen and a smaller share of hydrogen in the fuel, means that a larger mass of fuel can be injected into the charge compressed into the cylinder. Thanks to this, the engine powered by rapeseed oil and diesel oil can reach similar powers.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 527-532
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic properties of aluminium alloys used in automotive industry
Autorzy:
Moćko, W.
Kowalewski, Z. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Around 20 percent of CO2 emitted as a result of human activity on Earth comes from transportation. One of the ideas, which lead to diminishing of the greenhouse gases emission, is reducing of fuel consumption. It may be achieved by introducing a new powertrain solutions as well as lowering overall vehicle weight. The reduction of vehicle weight may be obtained by both a new design of part and structures and application of a new materials i.e. aluminium alloys. It has to be emphasised that weight reduction is very important for combustion engine driven vehicles and electric driven vehicles as well. Mass lowering is especially desirable in the case of electric vehicles because they typically have a very narrow operational range usually lower than 200 km. Therefore even small weight reduction decreases energy consumption of EV and as a consequence increases its range, which is a crucial parameter for users. The results presented in this article were focused on high strength aluminium alloys of 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 types. Applying of those materials enables mass lowering of structures up to 50 percent, maintaining original functionality. Moreover, aluminium alloys may be also used in energy absorbing structures. The goal of tests was to obtain data required in FE analysis. In order to simulate dynamic phenomenon i.e. vehicle crash investigation of the stress-strain curves of alloys were carried out at wide range of strain rates using Hopkinson bar.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 345-351
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In - cylinder OH and CO2* detection in SI engine through UV natural emission spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Merola, S. S.
Tornatore, C.
Marchitto, L.
Valentino, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally, on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 429-437
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research of water - fuel microemulsions as fuel for diesel engine
Autorzy:
Haller, P.
Jankowski, A.
Kolanek, Cz.
Walkowiak, W. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
combustion engines
emulsion's fuels
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, among others, for transport purposes. Transport causes many threats for natural environment. It produces powders and particulates, together with many gaseous noxious substances and is also the source of noise and vibrations. Sources of propulsion, applied in transport, are almost exclusively piston-combustion engines, among which the dominant role play self-ignition engines. In the light of well-known advantages of these engines, they were accepted as most beneficial sources of car vehicles' propulsion in nearest decades, provided they meet the requirements of the future legal regulations regarding the environmental protection. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) is a problem to be solved in modern engines. This constitutes so called targets conflict, consisting in excluding the alternative of both coefficients’ decrease, in the way of regulation the set of an engine and the limiting emissions, permitted by the EURO regulations. From among many different methods of limiting both the formation and emission of NOx, the method of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is universally applied. This method requires special installation with the catalyst and the reservoir intended for the "clinically" clean reductive measure. In the aspect of constituting opinions regarding the need of reducing additional installations and media on board the vehicle, it seems that to supply the engine with fuel-water emulsion and especially fuel-water microemulsion becomes an interesting solution.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 165-170
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies