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Tytuł:
An Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Adjustment of MNCs in A Complex Environment
Ewolucyjne podejście do rozumienia dostosowywania się przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych do złożonego otoczenia
Autorzy:
Dziubińska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/525955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-02
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
co-evolution
emerging markets
MNC
Opis:
The article presents the results of the research concerning adjustment of multinational enterprises (MNCs) to a complex environment. The research model was grounded in the evolutionary theory, and emerging markets were chosen as the contexts of studies. As a result, three types of adjustment to a complex environment were characterized. Implications for the development of activities were formulated in relation to processes of learning of an organization as main driving forces of adjustment to the environment of a foreign market.
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań dotyczących dostosowywania się przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych do złożonego otoczenia. Model badawczy został osadzony na gruncie teorii ewolucyjnej, natomiast rynki wyłaniające się zostały wybrane jako kontekst badań. W rezultacie zostały scharakteryzowane trzy typy dostosowywania się do złożonego otoczenia. Przedstawiono implikacje co do możliwości rozwoju działań w odniesieniu do procesów uczenia się organizacji jako siły sprawczej dostosowywania się do otoczenia rynków zagranicznych.
Źródło:
Problemy Zarządzania; 2015, 1/2015 (51), t.2; 183-199
1644-9584
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Zarządzania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interdependence of sentiment indicators − a case of the Polish OTC market
Autorzy:
Jaworski, Piotr
Mielus, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
emerging markets
market sentiment
cointegration analysis
Opis:
Prices observed on emerging markets are affected by market sentiment changes. The article presents an interdependence analysis of a chosen set of sentiment indicators observed on the Polish OTC market. The set contains both interest rate market (basis swap, asset swap, convergence swap, overnight index swap), foreign exchange market (ATM volatility, risk reversal) and equity market (WIG20). The analysis is focused on cointegration and Granger causality approach in order to present forecasting power of elaborated models. Evidence from the market reveals economic link between the time series that comes from the strong influence of the cross-border trading between non-residents and local market makers. High responsiveness of daily prices of OTC instruments to the changes of the market sentiment and a level of the risk aversion can be proven. Moreover, error correction model using foreign exchange options has practical forecasting power generating adequate trading decisions taken by market makers
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2017, 2(31); 31-43
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Credit cycles and macroprudential policies in emerging market economies
Autorzy:
Lazarevic, Jelisaveta
Kuzman, Tanja
Nedeljkovic, Milan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
credit cycle
macroprudential measures
emerging markets
Opis:
Research background: Excessive credit expansions have an important role in the generation and amplification of business cycles in emerging market (EM) economies. Macroprudential policies can be beneficial in restraining excessive credit growth and safeguarding financial stability. Despite recent theoretical advances in understanding of the benefits of macroprudential policies, empirical evidence on their effect on the credit cycle is still scarce. Purpose of the article: This paper studies the effectiveness of macroprudential measures in the sample of major EM economies focusing on the broad credit measure and using an empirical framework which aims to alleviate several concerns in the previous literature. We examine the effectiveness of four categories of measures which are granular enough to provide relevant policy perspectives, whilst mitigating data sparsity issues. By exploiting both time-series and cross-country variation in the tightness of macroprudential regulation in the construction of policy variables we also mitigate some of the common reverse causality concerns. Methods: We use panel data and employ several (fixed effect, bias corrected LSDV and dynamic interactive fixed effect) estimators to ensure that the results are not sensitive with respect to the estimation method while, together with our construction of the policy variables, alleviating other endogeneity concerns. Findings & value added: We uncover the heterogeneity in the effects of macroprudential measures on the credit cycle. While measures related to bank capital and credit activity are found to be effective in leaning-against the credit cycle, the measures targeting bank liquidity and FX exposures fail to have statistically significant effect. Our results provide the rationale for mixed evidence in the empirical literature studying the effectiveness of the broadly defined macroprudential measures. From the policy perspective, our findings provide evidence that the measures which address excessive credit expansion and strengthen the resilience of the financial system are effective in the EM economies.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2022, 13, 3; 633-666
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura finansowania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce na tle badań międzynarodowych
The Structure of Financing Polish Enterprises in the Context of International Research
Autorzy:
Nawrot, Wioletta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-08-31
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
structure of financing
emerging markets
financing theories
Opis:
The author analyzes the structure of financing enterprises in Poland in 1992-2005. She looks at her findings through the lens of key business financing theories as well as data yielded by international research. In doing so, Nawrot aims to fill a gap in international research because most other researchers dealing with the subject focus on emerging markets in South America and Asia rather than Central and Eastern Europe. The paper features a research method based on a detailed analysis of individual sources of financing in the analyzed period, taking into account changes in enterprises’ ownership structures as well as changes in the choice of sources of funds in the context of the overall changes in the economy. Nawrot’s analyses reveal that changes in the structure of financing Polish enterprises-though consistent with international business financing theories and congruent with the results of analyses made for other emerging markets-largely stemmed from the specific conditions in which these companies operated in the analyzed period, following market-oriented reforms in the Polish economy.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2007, 217, 7-8; 19-42
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinanty inwestycji przedsiębiorstw
Autorzy:
Kasprzak-Czelej, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
investments
emerging markets
inwestycje
rynki rozwijające się
Opis:
The article provides a  brief review of internal and external factors that determine corporate investment. The results of empirical researches on investment determinants are quoted. They suggest that the key factors for investment, generally speaking, are connected with an economic condition, uncertainty and risk, and the level of financial development.
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2013, 47, 2
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What drives the dividend decisions in BRICS countries?
Autorzy:
Mrzygłód, Urszula
Nowak, Sabina
Mosionek-Schweda, Magdalena
Kwiatkowski, Jakub M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
payout policy
dividend smoothing
emerging markets
BRICS countries
Opis:
Research background: We examine the dividend payout policies across companies listed on the main stock exchanges in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Unlike the highly developed capital markets, the literature regarding dividend policy on BRICS' stock exchanges is scarce.  Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is threefold: verification of the existence of dividend smoothing pattern; selection of the significant drivers that affect both dividend levels and dividend smoothing; examination of differences between dividend policy of cross- and single-listed companies. Methods: Based on a dataset of 564 companies that paid dividends for at least 11 consecutive years in the period of 1995-2015, we apply a GMM two-step estimator to assess the speed of dividend adjustment (SOA) coefficient. Further we employ the linear panel regression to indicate the individual and market determinants of the dividend levels and SOAs. In the latter case, we base on time series of the SOAs obtained from the rolling estimation technique. Finally, we conduct separate estimations for cross-listed companies. Findings & value added: We confirm a moderate level of dividend smoothing within BRICS countries. Among the firm-level characteristics affecting the SOA the most important are: ownership dispersion, age and size of a firm, retained earnings, leverage, long term debt, asset tangibility, liquidity risk ratio, and issuing the depositary receipts (DR). Two relevant market factors are found: market capitalisation and turnover in relation to GDP. Similar characteristics have a significant impact on dividends' levels in the entire sample, whereas in the subsample of cross-listed companies fewer variables are significant. Our paper is the first comprehensive attempt to investigate the dividend policy and determinants of dividend smoothing among BRICS countries.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2021, 12, 3; 593-629
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Standardowe i niestandardowe działania antykryzysowe w gospodarkach wschodzących
Standard and Nonstandard Anti-Crisis Measures in Emerging Markets
Autorzy:
Wojtyna, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-09-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
stabilization policy
standard and nonstandard measures
emerging markets
Opis:
The article discusses and evaluates the latest trends in research on stabilization policies in medium-developed countries at a time of crisis. The author sets out to determine whether and to what extent these policies have been based on standard (conventional, orthodox) measures and to what extent they have relied on nonstandard (unconventional, unorthodox) methods. To make sure these concepts are useful in his analysis, in the second part of the article the author clarifies their meaning and highlights their relationship with other methods for classifying anti-crisis measures. The third part discusses some recent findings in research on the determinants of emerging markets’ resilience/susceptibility to crises. This section of the article focuses on the impact of an economic policy on the resilience of economies to crisis. The author takes into account the specific features of emerging markets, which determine the need for, possibilities and effectiveness of both standard and nonstandard anti-crisis measures. The focus is on the use of these measures in medium-developed countries. The analysis covers developed countries only insofar they have an impact on the application of similar measures in medium-developed countries, the author says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 250, 9; 1-21
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intraday patterns in time-varying correlations among Central European stock markets
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
CEE stock markets
DCC-GARCH model
emerging markets
intraday data
Opis:
In this paper we investigate intraday relationships between three Central European stock exchanges: those in Frankfurt, Vienna and Warsaw. They represent different types of stock markets: two of them are developed, while the last is an emerging market. Via DCC-GARCH models we analyze and compare time-varying conditional correlations of intraday returns of the main indices of the stock exchanges. We study the impact of important public information, US macroeconomic news announcements, on the strength of interrelationships between the markets. Additionally, we analyze diurnal patterns in time-varying correlations on different days of the week.
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2016, 17, 1; 149-162
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do managers really care about shareholders’ expectations? Evidence on dividend smoothing on Latin American emerging stock markets
Czy menedżerowie spółek starają się uwzględniać oczekiwania akcjonariuszy? Analiza zjawiska wygładzania dywidend na wybranych giełdowych rynkach Ameryki Łacińskiej.
Autorzy:
Mosionek-Schweda, Magdalena
Mrzygłód, Urszula
Nowak, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
payout policy
dividend smoothing
emerging markets
Latin American stock markets
Opis:
The main goal of the paper is to examine dividend smoothing behaviour among companies listed on the stock markets in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru in the period of 1994-2015. The research sample consisted of 227 companies and 4968 observations. On the basis of Lintner’s dividend partial adjustment model, we calculated the speed of dividend adjustment (SOA) in response to the change in earnings. We found many companies with low SOA values, which on the grounds of the classic Linter’s approach implies the existence of dividend smoothing. However, the obtained average SOA values varied in four out of five analyzed stock markets from 0.731 for Chile to 0.914 for Brazil.This means that on selected emerging stock markets of Latin America – except Peru – the dividend smoothing has not been confirmed. Moreover, the obtained SOA levels varied among the selected stock markets, which implies that the differences in the speed of dividend adjustment may be driven by either national or stock markets characteristics.
Źródło:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics; 2017, 2 (56); 67-91
1507-3866
Pojawia się w:
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Understanding Complexity Leadership: Lesson From Emerging Environment
Przywództwo w warunkach złożoności – doświadczenia z działalności w warunkach rynków wyłaniających się
Autorzy:
Dziubińska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
leadership
complexity
emerging markets
przywództwo
złożoność
rynki wyłaniające się
Opis:
In the article, the author concentrates on the exploration of the nature of leadership behaviours and their impact on organisational performance in multinational enterprises (MNEs) in turbulent environments. The results of studies were to answer the following two questions. How and which leadership approach helps understand adaptive processes in an emerging environment? What are complex leadership behaviours of MNEs and how do they influence a successful organisational performance? The article begins with theoretical foundations for the perception of leadership in the light of assumptions resulting from the complexity theory. Then, the empirical context for deliberations, i.e. behaviours of international enterprises in the conditions of emerging markets, is presented. Relationships between leadership and results obtained by organisations were described on the basis of the quality attitude of the case study. The research sample included five small and medium-sized MNEs developing their business activity on emerging markets (EMs). The results exhibit two strategies of dealing with the complexity of phenomena, i.e. complexity reduction and complexity absorption. The aim of the first one is convergence, the latter one is divergent in a distinct way. Effectiveness in both cases requires different activities to combine the administrative and the adaptive functions of leadership. Moreover, in surveyed companies, depending on which leadership types were dominated, the organisations were inclined to develop their activities in different domains of the environment of the emerging market. These tendencies may, in short-term, suggest a possible direction of development of organisations.
Autorka koncentruje się na badaniu natury przywództwa i jego wpływu na działania organizacji w warunkach turbulentnego otoczenia. W rozważaniach skupiono się na szczególnym przypadku organizacji, jakim jest przedsiębiorstwo międzynarodowe (MNE). Wyniki badań odpowiadają na następujące pytania: które z możliwych, oraz w jaki sposób, podejście do przywództwa odpowiada na procesy adaptacyjne w nowym otoczeniu rynków wyłaniających się? Na czym polega przywództwo w warunkach złożoności w MNE i jak wpływa ono na rezultaty organizacji? Artykuł rozpoczyna przedstawienie podstaw teoretycznych w zakresie ujęcia przywództwa w świetle założeń wynikających z teorii złożoności. Następnie pokazano kontekst empiryczny rozważań, którym jest działalność MNE w warunkach rynków wyłaniających się. Część badawczą poświęcono określeniu związków między przywództwem a rezultatami uzyskiwanymi przez organizacje. W badaniach posłużono się metodą jakościową – studium przypadku. Próbą badawczą objęto pięć małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych prowadzących działalność na rynkach wyłaniających się. Wyniki wskazały na dwie strategie radzenia sobie ze złożonością zjawisk, które polegały na redukcji (konwergencji) lub absorbcji (dywergencji) złożoności. Skuteczność działania w obu przypadkach wymaga odmiennego łączenia administracyjnej i adaptacyjnej funkcji przywództwa. Ponadto badane firmy, w zależności od tego, które z typów przywództwa były w nich dominujące, skłonne były do rozwoju swojej działalności w oparciu o odmienne instytucje otoczenia rynków wyłaniających się. Ujawnione tendencje mogą, w krótkim okresie, sugerować kierunek rozwoju organizacji.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały; 2018, 1(26); 155-172
1733-9758
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The internationalization of Polish firms: an empirical investigation of the M-P relationship
Autorzy:
Karasiewicz, Grzegorz
Nowak, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/482935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
international business
company internationalization
company performance
emerging markets
Polska
Opis:
The purpose of this paper was to determine the nature of the relationship between multinationality and performance (M-P relationship) among Polish companies. It is based on a sample of over 300 Polish companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange, studied over two years (625 observations were used for statistical processing). Multiple regression and t-statistic analyses were applied to test three hypotheses. The dependent variable was company performance and the independent variable was the degree of company internationalization. A number of control variables were also incorporated in the regression models. The statistically significant results of the multiple regression analyses show that Polish companies experience a negative linear relationship between their degree of internationalization and performance for two variants of the dependent variable, and a non-linear, U-shaped relationship for one dependent variable. The results also show that companies operating on international markets achieve lower market-valuation results than their domestic counterparts, and companies with lower levels of multinationality perform better than those with higher levels of multinationality
Źródło:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series; 2014, WPS 2/2014; 1-32
2300-4371
Pojawia się w:
Faculty of Management Working Paper Series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors Influencing Students’ Choice of a B-school
Autorzy:
Charles, Vincent
Gherman, Tatiana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
business schools
business studies
curricula
emerging markets
factor analysis
higher education
Opis:
The presented study is a primary initiative in the Peruvian literature for understanding the factors which influence undergraduate students´ choice of a B-school offering a Master´s Degree in Business Administration. A self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions were used in order to collect data from 700 respondents, with a usable response rate of 92%. Analysis of the data was carried on through exploratory factor analysis. The seven revealed factors which accounted for 63.2082% of the total variance were: Corporate Social Responsibility, Essentials of an MBA Program, Quality Yardsticks, Entrepreneurship, Location, MBA Technical Specifications, and Physical Facilities. Entrepreneurship education should be addressed primarily, as entrepreneurship is vital for economic growth in Peru. In order to raise their value proposition, B-schools are expected to take true initiatives in the CSR area and promote entrepreneurship education in their curricula, through both business-skills training and practical support given by the B-school.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2014, 37; 117-129
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bringing Children into the Sociology of Consumption: A Symbolic Consumption Perspective
Autorzy:
Senooane, Belinda
Wiid, Johannes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32316741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
child consumer
consumer culture
sociology of consumption
emerging markets
symbolic consumption
Opis:
This article explores children’s consumption practices from a sociology of consumption perspective. The aim is to discover whether South African children, in their consumption of clothing, engage in symbolic consumption and to identify the ways in which they do so. Existing studies on children and symbolic consumption have largely excluded African children, hence this study represents an attempt to include their voices in the conceptualisation of childhood consumer behaviour. Data were collected through a survey of 192 children aged 10–14, using a questionnaire developed from the literature on symbolic consumption. The article presents the design and implementation of a quantitative empirical study into children’s engagement in symbolic consumption. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to tease out the factors representing the ways in which children engage in symbolic consumption, while confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure and test whether the data fit the model. The EFA revealed four factors that represent the ways in which children engage in symbolic consumption: identity, affiliation, perception, and image. The findings reveal that children use their clothing to create their individual identities, fit in with social groups, draw inferences about others through their clothing, and as a yardstick to gauge social image. This research furthers the enquiry into children as consumers while addressing the paucity of research related to African child consumers. The results of the study have implications for marketing practitioners, while also providing directions for future research.
Źródło:
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets; 2023, 2(17); 46-65
2449-6634
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Влияние Премии За Страновой Риск На Оценку Стоимости Компании В Эпоху Цифровых Технологий
The Implication Of Country Risk Premium To Company Valuation In The Digital Age
Autorzy:
Frolova, Tetyana
Vasiuk, Yevheniia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
country risk premium
emerging markets
default spread
company valuation
international investments
Opis:
Financial globalization and artificial intelligence increase capital mobility along with risk consideration in cross-border investments. Emerging markets are the most vulnerable to specific risk factors like government regulation, political and macroeconomic stability. International investors require additional returns for a business operating in such locations, and higher risks should be captured appropriately in a valuation context. This paper investigates the nature, measures and ways of incorporating country risk premium as an upward adjustment to the discount rate applied within DCF calculations. It shows how to get to country premium using sovereign ratings, credit default swaps and relevant equity market volatility.
Źródło:
MIND Journal; 2020, 10; 1-15
2451-4454
Pojawia się w:
MIND Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUNDS SELECTED ISSUES
Autorzy:
Jerzy, Gruszczyński, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/891790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
emerging markets
equity markets
foreign direct investment
government financial assets
petrodollars
sovereign wealth funds
Opis:
Sovereign wealth funds (called later SWF) have attracted a lot of attention in the beginning of the new century as many countries from Arab world open funds and invest in the European Union (EU), including new state members such as Poland. This has given way to a rising concern over SWF investments’s influence have on the european economy. Taking into consideration that all sovereign wealth funds combined to hold more than $5 trillion in assets in 2012 and they will exceed the annual economic output of the U.S. by 2015 and that of the EU by 2016, it is important to understand exactly what sovereign wealth funds are and what are the potential benefits and risk involved. Due to their long-term strategic outlook, SWF might contribute to the stability of the international financial markets in the US and EU. It should build more precise and effective institutional framework of sovereign wealth funds’ policy rules, and accountability and transparency mechanisms. SWF can be managed and regulated in order to avoid protectionist measures on the part of the recipients of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), in turn it could greatly benefit bilateral economic relations between EU and the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2014, 16; 154-165
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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