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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    The use of military force in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation
    Autorzy:
    Krzykowski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201522.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Wiedzy Obronnej
    Tematy:
    Russia
    foreign policy
    military strategy
    armed forces
    military potential
    demonstration of power
    Opis:
    In their action, the Russian authorities use a number of different tools, military strength being one of the key ones. Russia’s neo-imperial ambitions are reflected in the new strategic and doctrinal documents. They follow a more confrontational line and emphasize Russia’s desire to frame a new architecture of international security. In pursuing its strategic goals, Russia has undertaken a comprehensive programme of technical upgrade of its armed forces, launches impressive military exercise programmes and militarizes the society. The worsening international situation at the beginning of the 21st century, as a derivative of the growing power and importance of the Russian Federation, posed a threat to the countries of the former Warsaw Pact. The aim of the article is to discuss the military tools employed in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation, both direct and indirect. In areas of strategic interest outside the post-Soviet area, they mainly take an indirect form. An example of Russia’s desire to restore its imperial influence is demonstrations of its strategic combat capabilities, including by taking provocative action in the western direction.
    Źródło:
    Wiedza Obronna; 2022, 2; 81--107
    0209-0031
    2658-0829
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiedza Obronna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Titles, Seals and Coats of Arms as Symbols of Power and Importance of Lithuanian Dukes before the Union of Lublin
    Tytuły, pieczęcie i herby książąt litewskich jako symbole władzy i znaczenia przed unią lubelską
    Autorzy:
    Rogulski, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194100.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    middle ages
    the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    parallel branches of a ruling house,
    dukes
    demonstration of power
    titulature
    sigillography
    heraldry
    Opis:
    Titles, seals and coats of arms of Lithuanian dukes have not been hitherto the subject of interest of historians as this issue was mainly addressed marginally in the studies on the symbols of power of Grand Dukes of Lithuania, particularly Jagiellons. Owing to the considerable number and diversification of dukes living in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prior to the Union of Lublin, the article focuses on the analysis of titles, seals and coats of arms used by the Gediminas family and their descendants. In the period under discussion the dukes played a major social and political role, particularly at the end of the 14th century and at the beginning of the 15th century since they ruled their own feudal duchies and cooperated (or competed) closely with the Grand Duke. Although in the 15th century they lost their political sovereignty and became part of the class of landowners, they continued to keep many privileges and still played a major role in political and social life, particularly in their provinces. Enjoying the authority and extensive influence, the dukes generated the set of symbols of power and importance, which is worth examining. The analysis of the most representative monuments shows that titles, seals and coats of arms constituted a kind of indicator reflecting the social status and the position of the Gediminas family in the country: different symbols defined the rank of the Gediminas family as feudal dukes, and different symbols referred to their position as wealthy landowners. Both in the first and second situation, the dukes were capable of using the symbols in such a way so as to create their propaganda image and express far-reaching political aspirations. The symbolism of grand dukes, in particular one of the Jagiellons, was available to the dukes and they willingly used it. The fact of being inspired by the monarch’s symbols seems to differentiate Lithuanian dukes from other branches of the ruling European dynasties. It may mean that dukes considered the fact of being related to grand dukes rather than their wealth to be the source of their power and importance.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 1; 97-129
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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